• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.77-88
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• 2002

This article deals the investigations how to solve the social deficiencies of deteriorate apartments, which is a half cycle of a building and it goes slum clearance and redevelopment. And this proposes an active remodeling and design strategy, management, and housing policies for extending the usage of the resource. Most of apartment housing in Korea is built by the panel wall and slab structure system fur economic price. To remake is possible, even though not designed in flexibility and variation. The remodeling strategies are dwelling unification, transformation of two units to one or three units, addition of a room, changing into commercial and community required spaces, and reshaping of a envelop and facade by addition of a dwelling or dwellings, roof floors, change of materials and colors, and so on. And, all activities in structural aspect are proposed removal in upper part and addition in lower part of an apartment housing. Active remodeling cost a great deal compare to new construction, so any remodeling activities should be based on a minimal interfere and budgets to enhancing the quality in existing building. The final aim of an active remodeling is to enhance the quality in economic values, and to keep original state and to put on the new one in a small part. To promote the active and careful management and rehabilitation, it is necessary to give the positive incentive in terms of architectural law, bank loan, and any redevelopment project should get the remodeling record in national resources.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.45-56
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• 2004

The industrial explosives in Korea have been made and used since 1952. The blasting accidents have increased gradually with the use of explosives. Based on the Police Department and Guns & Explosives Safety Technology Association's researching materials, the blasting accidents between 1988 and 1997 have been investigated and analyzed in this paper. FTA method was applied for the analysis of the blasting accidents which occurred in the tunnels, roads, subways, and various kinds of building construction area. The results show that the majority of the accidents, about 45.7% of the total, are due to the fly rocks. It is similar trend in Japan. The FTA analysis performed on the accidents by fly rocks shows that the major source of the accident is human factors such as non-observance of the safety rules, less knowledge of the safety and so on. The results of the study ate expected to provide basic data for making and observing the safety rules, making and amending the laws concerned and planning the security project. It will be helpful in preventing the blasting accidents and in reducing the loss of valuable lives and the financial damage.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2011

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and extent of clinical attachment loss of periodontal tissue and to find out variables related to clinical attachment loss (CAL) in Korean adults older than 40 years of age. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Data were collected from 2,519 subjects who were part of a cohort study conducted in Ansan city by Korea University Medical School for Korean Genome project. Age, sex, smoking, drinking, fast glucose, blood pressure, obesity and total cholesterol levels were examined. The oral examination included probing pocket depth, gingival recession and CAL of Ramford's teeth. The severity of periodontitis was classified based on the mean value of CAL. The relationship between each risk factor and the severity of CAL was independently estimated using the chi-square test, the test or one-way ANOVA. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine the significance of each factor in the periodontal disease. RESULTS. The prevalences of clinical attachment between 1 and 3 mm, between 3 and < 5 mm, and ${\geq}$ 5 mm were 80.27%, 16.75% and < 1%, respectively. Although the univariate analysis showed age, gender, smoking, fasting glucose, blood pressure and total cholesterol levels were significantly related to the severity of CAL, multiple regression analysis indicated that age (P < .0001), gender (P < .0001) and smoking (P < .05) were only significantly related. CONCLUSION. Older age, male gender and smoking were significant risk factor for the increase of CAL, and these may be useful indicators of periodontitis high-risk groups.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.66 no.10
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• pp.1532-1539
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• 2017

The floating photovoltaic system is a new concept in the renewable energy technology. That is similar to land based photovoltaic technology except floating system. So the system needs buoyant objects, mooring, ect, besides modules and supports, and that is able to withstand in water level changes and wind strength. Therefore the floating photovoltaic system is much different from land photovoltaic system. K-water (Korea Water Resources Corporation) has been operating two floating photovoltaic system that's capacity is 100 kW and 500 kW respectively since in summer 2011 for commercial generation, and have construction project for 2,000 kW in Boryeong multipurpose Dam and other areas. Furthermore K-water was developing a tracking-type floating photovoltaic system at Daecheong multipurpose Dam and developed and installed an ocean floating photovoltaic demonstration plant at Sihwa Lake in October 2013 for R&D. In this paper, we introduce that structure of floating photovoltaic system include buoyant structure, mooring system and auxiliary device. Especially the rope which is in part of mooring should be always maintain tension under any water level. Also we explain about structure design concept to wind load in an every loading condition and a kind of structure materials and PV structure types used in water environment. Especially ocean floating PV system is affected by tidal current and typhoon. So there are considering the elements in design. Finally we compare with floating and land photovoltaic on power amount. As a result of that we verified the floating photovoltaic system is more about 6.6~14.2 % efficiency than a general land photovoltaic system.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1669-1676
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• 2013

Background: Variation in cancer incidence in geographical locations is due to different lifestyles and risk factors. Diet and socio-economic position (SEP) have been identified as important for the etiology of cancer but patterns are changing and inconsistent. The aim of this study was to investigate correlations of the incidence of common cancers with food groups, total energy, smoking, and SEP. Materials and Methods: In an ecological study, disaggregated cancer data through the National Cancer Registry in Iran (2008) and dietary intake, smoking habits and SEP obtained through a population based survey within the Urban Health Equity Assessment (Urban-HEART) project were correlated across 22 districts of Tehran. Results: Consumption of fruit, meat and dairy products adjusted for energy were positively correlated with bladder, colorectal, prostate and breast and total cancers in men and women, while these cancers were adversely correlated with bread and fat intake. Also prostate, breast, colorectal, bladder and ovarian cancers had a positive correlation with SEP; there was no correlation between SEP and skin cancer in both genders and stomach cancer in men. Conclusions: The incidence of cancer was higher in some regions of Tehran which appeared to be mainly determined by SEP rather than dietary intake. Further individual data are required to investigate reasons of cancer clustering.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.3777-3783
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• 2016

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and mortality of stomach cancer, and its relationship with the Human Development Index (HDI) and its components in Asia in 2012. Materials and Methods: This ecological study wa conducted based on GLOBOCAN project of WHO for Asian countries. We assessed the correlations between standardized incidence rates (SIR) and standardized mortality rates (SMR) of stomach Cancer with HDI and its components using SPSS18. Results: A total of 696,231 cases (68.7% in males and 31.3% in females, ratio of 2.19:1) and 524,465 deaths (67.1% in men and 33.0% in women, ratio 2.03:1) were included in 2012. Five countries with the highest SIR of stomach cancer were Republic Korea, Mongolia, Japan, China and Tajikistan. Five countries with the highest SMR of stomach cancer were Mongolia, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan and China. Correlation between HDI and SIR was 0.241 (p = 0.106), in men 0.236 (p = 0.114) and in women -0.250 (p = 0.094). Also between HDI and SMR -0.250 (p = 0.871) in men -0.018 (p = 0.903) and in women -0.014 (p = 0.927). Conclusions: No significant correlation was observed between the SIR of stomach cancer, and the HDI and its dimensions, such as life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling, and income level of the population.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.607-614
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• 2014

The need for integration of knowledge and technology among SMEs has been acknowledged, and lacks ways of convergence in practical education. Therefore contents of convergence in practical education of high quality are needed. In this study, a case-oriented curriculum and contents were developed to enhance employee's skills of SMEs. The curriculum consists of 3 steps. The first step is analysis of trends and current status of convergence of SMEs in the domestic and foreign areas. Thus drawing up measures of standards to analyze a successful case. The second step is collection of materials, and development of models through successful cases of convergence. The third step is the analysis of a curriculum to enhance employees' of SMEs and the development of an education program. This study may lead to strengthening competition of SMEs through knowledge and technology convergence based on developed curriculum.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.11-20
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• 2020

Purpose: This study sought to identify differences in hard and soft tissue chin profile changes in skeletal Class III patients after bimaxillary surgery, with or without advancement genioplasty. Materials and Methods: The retrospective study was conducted based on cephalometric analysis of skeletal and soft tissue variables. Lateral cephalograms taken at 3 different time points were utilized: pre-operation (T0), immediately post-operation (T1), and at least 6 months (11.0±2.6 months) post-operation (T2). The 2 groups were matched for sample size (n=20 each). Data were analyzed using independent t-tests with Bonferroni correction. Result: Group N (bimaxillary surgery alone) and Group G (bimaxillary surgery with an advancement genioplasty by horizontal sliding osteotomy) did not differ significantly in terms of demographic characteristics. The soft tissue chin thickness of Group G increased more after surgery, followed by a greater decrease during the postoperative period, and was eventually not significantly different from Group N at T2. On the other hand, the mentolabial sulcus depth of Group G (5.5±1.3 mm) was significantly greater than that of Group N (4.4±0.9 mm) (P=0.006) at T2. Conclusion: Although Group G showed a statistically significantly greater decrease in soft tissue chin thickness during the postoperative period, there were no significant intergroup differences in the chin profile for at least 6 months after the surgery, except for the mentolabial sulcus depth, which was greater in Group G than in Group N.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.279-298
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to develop home economics educational programs on the theme of 'improving consumer life' for sustainable development. It is a program to enhance the changemaker mindset for responsible production and consumption among the 17 goals of the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs). The program was developed 8 that to make solar cookers, make household goods from recycled materials, change maker-practice green life, eco-friendly journal 1, plastic warnings, design alternatives for disposable products, change maker-efforts and eco-friendly journal 2. The developed program was validated 3 times by a group of experts and students. This program has the following features. First, the Home Economics Education(HEE) program under the theme of 'Improving consumer life' for sustainable development are carried out at the stage of change-maker education with project-based process. It can improve students' collaboration skills, self-directed skills, communication skills and problem solving skills. Second, eight programs can increase understanding and interest in sustainable development, and learners are interested in social issues. This program can raise learners who play an active role in solving social problems by increasing their interest and interest in the class, free from the form of passive classes. Third, the HEE programs under the theme of 'Improving consumer life' for sustainable development are meaningful in that they are closely related to students' lives and encourage them to practice in their own lives. Fourth, since the program is well-suited to the present time and includes content elements for sustainable development, it can induce changes in learners' perceptions, attitudes and behaviors.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.4209-4214
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• 2013

Background: Breast cancer is among the five most common cancers and ranks first among cancers diagnosed in Iranian women. Screening and treatment of this disease with molecular methods, especially regarding high incidences at early age and advanced stage, is essential. Several genes with altered expression have been identified by cDNA microarray studies in breast cancer, with the Bcl-2 gene indicated as a likely candidate. In this study, we studied Bcl-2 gene expression levels in parallel tumor and non-tumor breast tissues. Materials and Methods: Forty samples including 21 tumor, 16 non tumor (marginal) and 3 benign breast tissues which were all pathologically diagnosed, were subjected to RNA extraction and polyA RT-PCR with the expression level of Bcl-2 quantified using real-time PCR. Results: There is higher expression levels of the Bcl-2 gene in tumor samples compared with marginal samples, but not attaining significance(p>0.05). Bcl-2 expression in 14 (66.7%) of the cases of tumor samples and 9 (56.3%) cases of the marginal samples were positive. Comparison of the expression of the Bcl-2 gene in histological grade showed that a high expression of Bcl-2 was associated with a high histological grade (p<0.41). Conclusions: Our data suggests that dysregulated Bcl-2 gene expression is potentially involved in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Using gene expression analysis may significantly improve our ability for screening cancer patients and will prove a powerful tool in the diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of the disease whilst aiding the cooperative group trials in the Bcl-2 based therapy project.