• 한국초등수학교육학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.195-219
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• 2006

서술형 평가가 실시됨에 따라 학생들의 수학적 성향이 어떻게 변화되었는지 살펴보았다. 학생들이 서술형 평가를 처음 접하였을 때 어렵게 생각하고 부담을 느끼고 있었으며, 풀이과정을 쓴다는 것이 불필요하다고 여기는 학생들도 있었다. 하지만 연구를 진행하는 동안 학생들은 곧 서술형 평가에 익숙해졌다. 서술형 평가를 통해 학생들은 수학을 자신의 글로 표현하는 경험을 하게 되었고. 수학적 개념이나 원리에 관심을 가지고 되었다. 또 풀이과정을 논리적으로 전개하려는 경향이 나타났다. 또 서술형 평가를 통해 학생들은 문제에 대한 자신의 생각을 논리적으로 서술하는 경험을 하게 되었고, 자신이 푼 문제에 대하여 반성하는 과정을 거칠 수 있었다. 또한 학생들은 새로운 형태의 서술형 문항을 접하면서 서술형 평가에 대한 호기심도 나타내었다. 그러나 어려운 문제를 풀어야 하는 경우에는 부담스러워 했으며, 자신만의 방법으로 문제를 풀기보다 교과서에 제시되었거나 교사가 알려 준 방법대로 풀려는 경향이 강하여 수학적 융통성은 다소 떨어지는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한산업공학회/한국경영과학회 1994년도 춘계공동학술대회논문집; 창원대학교; 08월 09일 Apr. 1994
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• pp.410-420
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• 1994

In many project-oriented production systems, e.g., shipyards or large-scale steel products manufacturing, resource loading by an activity is flexible, and the activity duration is a function of resource allocation. For example, if one doubles the size of the crew assigned to perform an activity, it may be feasible to complete the activity in half the duration. Such flexibility has been modeled by Weglarz [131 and by Leachman, Dincerler, and Kim [7] in extended formulations of the resource-constrained project scheduling problem. This paper presents a new algorithmic approach to the problem that combines the ideas proposed by the aforementioned authors. The method we propose involves a two-step approach: (1) solve the resource-constrained scheduling problem using a heuristic, and (2) using this schedule as an initial feasible solution, find improved resource allocations by solving a linear programming model. We provide computational results indicating the superiority of this approach to previous methodology for the resource-constrained scheduling problem. Extensions to the model to admit overlap relationships of the activities also are presented.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제35권12호
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• pp.3502-3508
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• 2014

The first synthetic route to 5'-norcarbocyclic C-nucleoside [7-oxa-7,9-dideazadenosine (furo[3,2-d]pyrimidine) and 9-deazaadenosine (pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidine)] phosphonic acids from commercially available 1,3-dihydroxy cyclopentane was described. The key C-C bond formation from sugar to base precursor was performed using Knoevenagel-type condensation from a ketone derivative. Synthesized C-nucleoside phosphonic acids were tested for anti-HIV activity as well as anti-leukemic activity. Compound 26 showed significant anti-leukemic activity.

• 한국전자거래학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.69-92
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• 2013

본 연구는 정보시스템 기능 설계와 활동원가기준 예산, 그리고 IT 프로젝트 타당성을 확보하기 위해 개발된 활동패턴분석방법론을 소개하고, 2010년 종합건강검진센터에 적용한 사례를 통해 활동패턴분석의 유용성을 제시하였다. 활동패턴분석은 분석대상 범위 내 행위자들의 활동 분리, 활동 조정, 활동가치산출을 핵심 논리로 하며, 자원기반이론과 행위자 네트워크 이론을 중심 이론으로 한다. 본 연구에서 제시한 G검진센터는 활동패턴분석 진단을 통해 (1) IT 전략, (2) IT구축 목표, (3) 새로운 비즈니스 프로세스, (4) 정보시스템 설계도(기능 명세), (5) 정보시스템 구축 예산 및 타당성을 확보하였다. 활동패턴분석은 분석범위와 분석시기 결정이 유연하며, 분석대상을 분석목적에 적합하도록 확장할 수 있다는 점에서 유용하다. 궁극적으로는 정보시스템 도입 조직의 IS자원 관리능력의 내부화를 위한 방법론으로 활용될 수 있다.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.19-31
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• 2016

본 연구는 범용 프로젝트 관리 및 운영을 위해 범용 프로젝트 관리 전산시스템에 적용할 수 있는 초기 전산관리용 데이터베이스를 구축하였다. 본 연구에서 제시한 데이터베이스 구축 모형은 시설요소, 구조요소, 공사요소, 자원요소의 조직정보분류체계를 근거로 2교대 3경간의 교량공사를 조직분류체계, 활동, 자원별 활동의 계층으로 표현하여 구축하였다. 본 연구에서 구축된 데이터베이스 모형은 향후 범용 프로젝트 관리 및 운영을 위해서 매우 체계적이고 과학적인 관리로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.2574-2580
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• 2012

The discovery that threosyl phosphonate nucleoside (PMDTA, $EC_{50}=2.53{\mu}M$) is a potent anti-HIV agent has led to the synthesis and biological evaluation of 5'-deoxy versions of threosyl phosphonate nucleosides. In the present study, (E)-3'-phosphonoalkenyl and 3'-phosphonoalkyl nucleoside analogues 13, 16, 20 and 23 were synthesized from acetol and tested for anti-HIV activity and cytotoxicity. The adenine analogue 16 was found to exhibit moderate in vitro anti-HIV-1 activity ($EC_{50}=22.2{\mu}M$).

• Educational Technology International
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.167-187
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• 2013

Team project learning is a type of Project-Based Learning, which is an effective learning method for developing collaborative competency and interpersonal communication skills, as well as for developing cognitive competency such as critical thinking, creative thinking, and analytical skills. This research, conducted to analyze learning activities, focuses on students' creative thinking and activities in TPBL(Team Project-Based Learning). A qualitative approach including a reflective journal based on the 6 stages of TPBL, was adopted for this purpose. In this study, 69 reflective journals on the three stages (developing a theme, researching, theme-making) of 23 undergraduate students were categorized on the basis of three criteria: divergent thinking factors, convergent thinking factors and affective factors. The results show that the participants' journals demonstrated twenty-eight activities from nine cognitive factors and nine activities from three affective factors were derived from reflect journal. This finding indicates that more appropriate instructional strategies are needed for students to enhance their creative thinking skills and activities

• Educational Technology International
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.201-215
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• 2014

The design project of a technology product provides an opportunity for students to experience the inter-connectedness of academic information and ill-defined real-world problems. This study focuses on non-engineering students' activity and perception through the assistive technology design project. For this purpose, participants engaged in a team-based technology design project. Then, a qualitative research approach was adopted, which included reflective journals with 24 undergraduate students majored in Adaptive Physical Education. The analysis identified six factors (knowledge value, social value, reality value, accomplishment value, perspective value, benefit value) of perception and five stages (topic selection, function suggestion, visualization, presentation preparation, and presentation) of activity.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.16-21
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• 2008

Cell death of trophoblast, particularly by abnormal release of physiological nitric oxide (NO) has been known to be a causative factor of pre-eclampsia. In the present study, effects of intracellular calcium increase enhancing the activity of NO synthases (neuronal NO synthase, nNOS in this trophoblast cells) on the cell death were examined in a human placental full-term cell line (HT-1). Furthermore, we analyzed the possible mechanisms underlying the augmentation of $Ca^{++}$-mediated NOS activity mediated by protein kinases like PKC, PKA, or CaM-KII. In experiments for cell toxicity, a calcium ionophore (ionomycin $10{\mu}M$) enhanced cell death confirmed by MTT assay, and increased significantly nNOS activity determined with a hemoglobin oxidation assay. This cell death was partially protected by pre-treatment of 7-nitroindazole (7-NI, $10{\mu}M$ and $100{\mu}M$), a nNOS-specific inhibitor. Additionally, $Ca^{++}$-ionophore -induced increase of nNOS activity also was partially normalized by pre-treatment of specific inhibitors of protein kinases, PKC, PKA or CaM-KII. Therefore, we suggest that an increase of calcium influx, leading to the activation of nNOS activity, which in turn may result in the death of trophoblast cells by involvement of signaling mechanisms of protein kinases.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.215-221
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• 2007

Neuronal cell toxicity induced by decreased nitric oxide (NO) production may be caused by modulation of constitutive neuronal NO synthase (nNOS). We used lead acetate ($Pb^{2+}$) to modulate physiological NO release and the related pathways of protein kinases like PKC, CaM-KII, and PKA in CATH.a cells, a dopaminergic cell line that has constitutive nNOS activity. In the cells treated with $Pb^{2+}$, cell viability and modulation (phosphorylation) levels of nNOS were determined by MTT assay and Western blot analysis, respectively. nNOS reductase activity (cytochrome c) was also assessed to compare the phosphorylation site-specific nNOS activity. nNOS activity was also determined by NADPH consumption rates. $Pb^{2+}$ treatment alone increased the phosphorylation of nNOS with decreased reductase activity. The phosphorylation levels increased markedly with decreased nNOS reductase activity, when $Pb^{2+}$ was combined with inhibitors for two (PKC and CaM-KII) or three (PKA, PKC and CaM-KII) protein kinases. Interestingly, when the cells were exposed to $Pb^{2+}$ plus PKC or CaM-KII inhibitor, the nNOS was phosphorylated strongly with the lowest activity. However, the levels of phosphorylated nNOS following $Pb^{2+}$ treatment decreased significantly after combined treatment with the PKA inhibitor, and $Pb^{2+}$-induced suppression of reductase activity did not occur. These results demonstrate that physiological NO release in the neuronal cells exposed to $Pb^{2+}$ can be decreased by PKA-mediated nNOS phosphorylation that may be caused by interactions with PKC and/or CaM-KII.