• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.27
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• pp.129-161
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• 2005

Todays, computers in business world are potent facilitators that most companies could not without them, while they are only tools. They offer extremely efficient means of communication, particularly when connected to Internet. What I stress in this article is the risks accompanied by e-commerce rather than the advantages of Internet or e-commerce. The management of e-commerce companies, therefore, should keep in mind that the benefit of e-commerce through the Internet are accompanied by enhanced and new risks, cyber risks or e-commerce risks. For example, companies are exposed to computer system breakdown and business interruption risks owing to traditional and physical risks such as theft and fire etc, computer programming errors and defect softwares and outsider's attack such as hacking and virus. E-commerce companies are also exposed to tort liabilities owing to defamation, the infringement of intellectual property such as copyright, trademark and patent right, negligent misrepresent and breach of confidential information or privacy infringement. In this article, I would like to suggest e-commerce insurance or cyber liability insurance as a means of risk management rather than some technical devices, because there is not technically perfect defence against cyber risks. But e-commerce insurance has some gaps between risks confronted by companies and coverage needed by them, because it is at most 6 or 7 years since it has been introduced to market. Nevertheless, in my opinion, e-commerce insurance has offered the most perfect defence against cyber risks to e-commerce companies up to now.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.27-51
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• 2005

Todays, computers in business world are potent facilitators that most companies could not without them, while they are only tools. They offer extremely efficient means of communication, particularly when connected to Internet. What I stress in this article is the risks accompanied by e-commerce rather than the advantages of Internet or e-commerce. The management of e-commerce companies, therefore, should keep in mind that the benefit of e-commerce through the Internet are accompanied by enhanced and new risks, cyber risks or e-commerce risks. For example, companies are exposed to computer system breakdown and business interruption risks owing to traditional and physical risks such as theft and fire etc, computer programming errors and defect softwares and outsider's attack such as hacking and virus. E-commerce companies are also exposed to tort liabilities owing to defamation, the infringement of intellectual property such as copyright, trademark and patent right, negligent misrepresent and breach of confidential information or privacy infringement. In this article, I would like to suggest e-commerce insurance or cyber liability insurance as a means of risk management rather than some technical devices, because there is not technically perfect defence against cyber risks. But e-commerce insurance has some gaps between risks confronted by companies and coverage needed by them, because it is at most 6 or 7 years since it has been introduced to market. Nevertheless, in my opinion, e-commerce insurance has offered the most perfect defence against cyber risks to e-commerce companies up to now.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.74-83
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• 2018

It is very crucial activities that Korean army have to detect and recognize enemy's locations and types of weapon of their artillery firstly for effective operation of friendly force's artillery weapons during wartime. For these activities, one of the most critical artillery weapon systems is the anti-artillery radar (hereafter; radars) for immediate counter-fire operations against the target. So, in early wartime these radar's roles are very important for minimizing friendly force's damage because arbiters have to recognize a several enemy's artillery positions quickly and then to take an action right away. Up to date, Republic of Korea Army for tactical artillery operations only depends on individual commander's intuition and capability. Therefore, we propose these radars allocation model based on integer programming that combines ArcGIS (Geographic Information System) analysis data and each radar's performances which include allowable specific ranges of altitude, azimuth (FOV; field of view) and distances for target detection, and weapons types i.e., rocket, mortars and cannon ammo etc. And we demonstrate the effectiveness of their allocation's solution of available various types of radar asset through several experimental scenarios. The proposed model can be ensured the optimal detection coverage, the enhancement of artillery radar's operations and assisting a quick decision for commander finally.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.272-281
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• 1988

The problem of optimal transmission system planning is to find the most economical locations and time of transmission line construction under the various constraints such as available rights-of-way, finances, the technical characteristics of power system, and the reliability criterion of power supply, and so on. In this paper the constraint of right-of-way is represented as a finite set of available rights-of-way. And the constructed for a unit period. The electrical constraints are represented in terms of line overload and steady state stability margin. And the reliability criterion is dealt with the suppression of failure cost and with single-contingency analysis. In general, the transmission planning problem requires integer solutions and its objective function is nonlinear. In this paper the objective function is defined as a sum of the present values of construction cost and the minimum operating cost of power system. The latter is represented as a sum of generation cost and failure cost considering the change of yearly load, economic dispatch, and the line contingency. For the calculation of operating cost linear programming is adopted on the base of DC load flow calculation, and for the optimization of main objective function nonlinear Branch-and-Bound algorithm is used. Finally, for improving the efficiency of B & B algorithm a new sensitivity analysis algorithm is proposed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2024.05a
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• pp.53-56
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• 2024

Though lots of approaches to develop mobile apps are suggested up to now, developers have difficulties selecting a right one. This study compares native and cross-platform application development approaches, particularly focusing on the shift in preference from Java to Kotlin and the increasing use of Flutter. This research offers practical insights into factors influencing developers' choice of programming languages and frameworks in mobile application development by creating identical applications using Java, Kotlin, and Dart (Flutter). Furthermore, this study explores the best practices for development by examining the quality of code in 45 open-source GitHub repositories. The study evaluates LOC and code smells using semi-automated SonarQube assessments to determine the effects of selecting a specific language or framework on code maintainability and development efficiency. Preliminary findings show differences in the quality of the code produced by the two approaches, offering developers useful information on how to best optimize language and framework selection to reduce code smells and improve project maintainability.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics S
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• v.35S no.12
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• pp.84-92
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• 1998

In this paper, we propose the novel cost functions for finding the disparity between the left and the right images in the stereo matching problem. The dynamic programming method is used in solving the stereo matching problem by Cox et al[10]. In the reference[10], only the intensity of the pixels in the epipolar line is used as the cost functions to find the corresponding pixels. We propose the two new cost functions. The information of the slope of the pixel is introduced to the constraints in determining the weights of intensity and direction(the historical information). The pixels with the higher slope are matched mainly by the intensity of pixels. As the slope becomes lower, the matching is performed mainly by the direction. Secondly, the disparity information of the previous epipolar line the pixel is used to find the disparity of the current epipolar line. If the pixel in the left epipolar line, $p-i$ and the pixel in the right epipolar line, $p-j$ satisfy the following conditions, the higher matching probability is given to the pixels, $p-i$ and $p-j$. i) The pixels, $p-i$ and $p-j$ are the pixles on the edges in the left and the right images, respectively. ⅱ) For the pixels $p-k$ and $p-l$ in the previous epipolar line, $p-k$and $p-l$ are matched and are the pixels on the same edge with $p-i$ and $p-j$, respectively. The proposed method compared with the original method[10] finds the better matching results for the test images.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.30-30
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• 2023

This study aims to establish the multi-reservoir operation system model in the Upper Mun River Basin which includes 5 main dams namely, Mun Bon (MB), Lamchae (LC), Lam Takhong (LTK), Lam Phraphoeng (LPP), and Lower Lam Chiengkrai (LLCK) Dams. The knowledge and AI technology were applied aiming to develop innovative prototype for SMART dam-reservoir operation in future. Two different sorts of reservoir operation system model namely, Fuzzy Logic (FL) and Constraint Programming (CP) as well as the development of rainfall and reservoir inflow prediction models using Machine Learning (ML) technique were made to help specify the right amount of daily reservoir releases for the Royal Irrigation Department (RID). The model could also provide the essential information particularly for the Office of National Water Resource of Thailand (ONWR) to determine the short-term and long-term water resource management plan and strengthen water security against flood and drought in this region. The simulated results of base case scenario for reservoir operation in the Upper Mun from 2008 to 2021 indicated that in the same circumstances, FL and CP models could specify the new release schemes to increase the reservoir water storages at the beginning of dry season of approximately 125.25 and 142.20 MCM per year. This means that supplying the agricultural water to farmers in dry season could be well managed. In other words, water scarcity problem could substantially be moderated at some extent in case of incapability to control the expansion of cultivated area size properly. Moreover, using AI technology to determine the new reservoir release schemes plays important role in reducing the actual volume of water shortfall in the basin although the drought situation at LTK and LLCK Dams were still existed in some periods of time. Meanwhile, considering the predicted inflow and hydrologic factors downstream of 5 main dams by FL model and minimizing the flood volume by CP model could ensure that flood risk was considerably minimized as a result of new release schemes.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.95-102
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• 2002

A continuous development of new hardware and operating systems brings the importance of portable programming, which can be imported into multi-platform environment. Also, the recent development of computer communication technology brings us many choices of accessing into the other platforms, which also becomes a burden for the programmers who should consider developing software fitting into diverse platforms The present GNU system tools creates a part of the source code automatically, and suggests a direction towards a new platform. but the source code must be prepared by the programmer at the source level. In this paper, we describe design and implementation of on interactive tool for developing multi-platform software, The tool is designed to help a programmer to build a portable program for multi-platform, even though the programmer does not know very well about various UNIX platforms, And, the tool uses existing GNU system tools, such as autoconf, autoheader, automake and etc, and is able to insert a portable code into a right position by interacting with a programmer.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.289-298
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• 2017

This study analyzed the accomplishment of the outsourcing production policy which forces broadcasting companies to schedule and broadcast more than a certain proportion of outsourcing production programs. According to the results from the examination of whether or not the policy increased the diversity of broadcasting programs, it is positive that a rise in the number of production companies resulting from the implementation of the outsourcing production policy increased the diversity of broadcasting program makers, but programs supplied were limited to certain genres, failing to be diverse. According to the results from the examination of whether or not the competitiveness of broadcasting and video contents increased, production conditions had not improved due to the controversy over the ownership of the right of production between terrestrial broadcasting companies and outsourcing production companies. In addition, though there was the positive effect of increasing export of broadcasting programs, the exports were limited to certain genres.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.23-35
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• 2017

Work zone traffic control is of keen interest because both traffic operations and safety performances are directly affected by traffic management methods. In particular, work zone traffic on two-lane roads needs to be managed in more efficient and safer manners due to its unique characteristics of alternative right-of-way assignment. This study developed a dynamic control algorithm that can be used for real-time operations of two-lane work zone traffic. The performance of the developed algorithm was evaluated by VISSIM microscopic traffic simulator. An applied programming interface (API) based program was developed to plug-in the control algorithm onto the simulator. The results demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed control algorithm for two-lane work zone.