• 경제분석
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.103-130
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• 2011

연구개발 및 정부의 연구개발지원의 성과에 대한 실증연구결과의 중요성에도 불구하고 연구개발투자의 생산성에 대한 영향을 분석하는 계량모형에 관한 논의는 상대적으로 활발하지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 연구개발투자의 생산성에 관한 기존 실증분석연구에서 활용한 계량모형들을 비교하여 모형의 장단점을 논하며 최근 발전된 관련 계량모형을 논함으로써 향후 응용연구에서 모형설정에 필요한 정보를 제공하고자 한다. 특히 기존 연구에서 가정하였던 연구개발투자와 생산성의 관계에 단조성을 완화하여 비단조성을 추정할 수 있는 모형을 소개하고 이를 기반으로 단조성 가정에 대한 검정방법을 논한다. 광공업통계DB에 있는 기업자료 및 OECD국가 패널자료에 논의한 계량모형을 적용함으로써 모형특성의 차이에 따른 추정결과의 차이점을 논한다.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.115-137
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• 2010

Information technology (IT) outsourcing, the use of a third-party vendor to provide IT services, started in the late 1980s and early 1990s in Korea, and has increased rapidly since 2000. Recently, firms have increased their efforts to capture greater value from IT outsourcing. To date, there have been a large number of studies on IT outsourcing. Most prior studies on IT outsourcing have focused on outsourcing practices and decisions, and little attention has been paid to objectively measuring the value of IT outsourcing. In addition, studies that examined the performance of IT outsourcing have mainly relied on anecdotal evidence or practitioners' perceptions. Our study examines the contribution of IT outsourcing to economic growth in Korean industries over the 1990 to 2007 period, using a production function framework and a panel data set for 54 industries constructed from input-output tables, fixed-capital formation tables, and employment tables. Based on the framework and estimation procedures that Han, Kauffman and Nault (2010) used to examine the economic impact of IT outsourcing in U.S. industries, we evaluate the impact of IT outsourcing on output and productivity in Korean industries. Because IT outsourcing started to grow at a significantly more rapid pace in 2000, we compare the impact of IT outsourcing in pre- and post-2000 periods. Our industry-level panel data cover a large proportion of Korean economy-54 out of 58 Korean industries. This allows us greater opportunity to assess the impacts of IT outsourcing on objective performance measures, such as output and productivity. Using IT outsourcing and IT capital as our primary independent variables, we employ an extended Cobb-Douglas production function in which both variables are treated as factor inputs. We also derive and estimate a labor productivity equation to assess the impact of our IT variables on labor productivity. We use data from seven years (1990, 1993, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, and 2007) for which both input-output tables and fixed-capital formation tables are available. Combining the input-output tables and fixed-capital formation tables resulted in 54 industries. IT outsourcing is measured as the value of computer-related services purchased by each industry in a given year. All the variables have been converted to 2000 Korean Won using GDP deflators. To calculate labor hours, we use the average work hours for each sector provided by the OECD. To effectively control for heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation present in our dataset, we use the feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) procedures. Because the AR1 process may be industry-specific (i.e., panel-specific), we consider both common AR1 and panel-specific AR1 (PSAR1) processes in our estimations. We also include year dummies to control for year-specific effects common across industries, and sector dummies (as defined in the GDP deflator) to control for time-invariant sector-specific effects. Based on the full sample of 378 observations, we find that a 1% increase in IT outsourcing is associated with a 0.012~0.014% increase in gross output and a 1% increase in IT capital is associated with a 0.024~0.027% increase in gross output. To compare the contribution of IT outsourcing relative to that of IT capital, we examined gross marginal product (GMP). The average GMP of IT outsourcing was 6.423, which is substantially greater than that of IT capital at 2.093. This indicates that on average if an industry invests KRW 1 millon, it can increase its output by KRW 6.4 million. In terms of the contribution to labor productivity, we find that a 1% increase in IT outsourcing is associated with a 0.009~0.01% increase in labor productivity while a 1% increase in IT capital is associated with a 0.024~0.025% increase in labor productivity. Overall, our results indicate that IT outsourcing has made positive and economically meaningful contributions to output and productivity in Korean industries over the 1990 to 2007 period. The average GMP of IT outsourcing we report about Korean industries is 1.44 times greater than that in U.S. industries reported in Han et al. (2010). Further, we find that the contribution of IT outsourcing has been significantly greater in the 2000~2007 period during which the growth of IT outsourcing accelerated. Our study provides implication for policymakers and managers. First, our results suggest that Korean industries can capture further benefits by increasing investments in IT outsourcing. Second, our analyses and results provide a basis for managers to assess the impact of investments in IT outsourcing and IT capital in an objective and quantitative manner. Building on our study, future research should examine the impact of IT outsourcing at a more detailed industry level and the firm level.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.110-117
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• 2000

Relationship between monoclonal antibody (MAb) productivity and growth rate, and effects of high cell density on MAb production rate increased with increasing specifis growth rate in both suspended and immobilized continuous cultures indicate a positively growth-associated relationship between MAb productivity and growth rate. moreover, the specific production rate was higher in the immobilized cell culture than that in suspended one at all dilution rates. In order to clarify these phenomana, MAb mPNA experession and cell cycle distribution were investigated in bacth cultures with immobilized cells and suspended cells. RT-PCR was used for observation of MAb mRNA expression and a two-color bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)/propidium iodide (PI) flow cytometry method for determination of cell cycle distribution. The results revealed that MAb nRNA expression until dead phase, which was longer than in suspended cell. The cell cycle distribution patterns were observed almost the same for both immobilized and suspended cells. Such results may imply that a high cell density state has positive influence on the mRNA expression and on growth-associated Mab productivity of T0405 cells.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.960-964
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• 2014

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of diets containing coarse-texture rice straw and small particle size alfalfa pellets as a part of total mixed ration (TMR) on milk productivity and chewing activity in lactating dairy cows. Sixteen multiparous Holstein dairy cows ($670{\pm}21kg$ body weight) in mid-lactation ($194.1{\pm}13.6$ days in milk) were randomly assigned to TMR containing 50% of timothy hay (TH) or TMR containing 20% of rice straw and 30% of alfalfa pellet mixture (RSAP). Geometric mean lengths of TH and RSAP were found to be 5.8 and 3.6, respectively. Dry matter intake, milk yield and milk composition were measured. Moreover, eating and ruminating times were recorded continuously using infrared digital camcorders. Milk yield and milk composition were not detected to have significant differences between TH and RSAP. Dry matter intake (DMI) did not significantly differ for cows fed with TH or RSAP. Although particle size of TH was larger than RSAP, eating, ruminating and total chewing time (min/d or min/kg of DMI) on TH and RSAP were similar. Taken together, our results suggest that using a proper amount of coarse-texture rice straw with high value nutritive alfalfa pellets may stimulate chewing activity in dairy cows without decreasing milk yield and composition even though the quantity of rice straw was 40% of TH.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.343-363
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• 2015

본 연구는 기후변화가 국가의 총요소생산성에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 구체적으로 대표적 기후변수인 기온와 강수량이 국가의 총요소생산성에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 기존 연구와는 달리 본 연구는 최근 기후변화의 패턴인 기후 변동성이 높아지는 현상을 고려하기 위해 기후변수들의 평균값뿐만 아니라 최고값을 고려하여 분석하였다. 선형회귀분석 결과 평균기온의 상승은 생산성에 부정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으나 강수량의 평균적 증가는 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 하지만 최대 강수량은 평균 강수량과는 달리 총요소생산성을 증가시키는 것으로 분석되었다. 이러한 결과는 기존의 연구와 부합하는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 패널자료를 분석한 결과 평균기온 이외에 다른 기후변수들(평균 강수량, 최대기온, 최대 강수량)은 유의미하게 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 평균기온의 상승은 총요소생산성을 증가시키는 것으로 분석되었다. 이는 본 연구가 장기시계열 자료를 이용하여 국가들의 기후변화 적응능력에 의해 영향을 받은 것으로 분석된다.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.122-129
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• 2016

In modern industries, in whichwhere high productivity is one of the most important concerns, machine tools are facing difficulties to satisfy the high high-speed operation, while and at the same time achieve the precision machining. Generally, the vibrations of the structure increase proportionally to the square of the operating speed so that the precision machining is severely damaged with increased speed. which is a must for the high productivity. Therefore, the suppression of the structural vibrations of the machine tools is the a major concern in the machine tool industry in order to achieve the high productivity and the precision machining simultaneously. In this study, the dynamic properties of a machining center structure were analyzed through the experiment and the computer simulations, and furthermore the results from those were compared to confirm the validity of the simulation model. The design alterations were deduced from the analysis and applied to the simulation model to investigate the effects of those alterations to suppress the vibrations of the machine. The result shows that the relatively simple design alterations, without redesigning the main structure of the machine, can suppress the vibrations effectively.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2015

많은 조직들이 정보시스템을 구축하여 업무의 혁신과 커뮤니케이션 도구로 사용함으로 정보시스템의 활용이 증가되고 있다. 그러나 정보시스템의 이용확대 양상은 정보시스템 사용자에게 ICT-스트레스(ICT-induced stress)를 겪게 하는 부정적 영향을 미치기도 한다. 본 연구는 IS활용능력, 자기효능감, 변화의 속도를 테크노스트레스의 선행요인으로 보고, ICT스트레스가 종업원생산성에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 한다. 연구결과, 자기효능감과 변화의 속도는 ICT스트레스에 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고, ICT스트레스는 종업원 생산성에 부의 영향을 미치는 것으로 드러났다. 결론적으로 이 연구는 정보시스템 사용자의 성과가 ICT스트레스에 의해 줄어들 수 있음을 제안한다.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.1065-1074
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• 2012

한국 프로야구에서 출루 능력과 장타력이 득점 생산성에 미치는 영향을 통계적으로 분석하였다. 2절에서는 OPS (On-base percentage Plus Slugging average)에 관하여 고찰하고 그것을 변형한 새로운 타격지표들을 소개하였다. 3절에서는 2007년부터 2011년까지의 정규리그 전 경기 자료를 바탕으로 타율, 출루율, 장타율, IsoP (Isolated Power), OPS 및 2절에서 소개된 지표들이 팀의 경기당 평균득점과 갖는 상관관계를 알아보았다. 또한 OPS와 2절에서 소개된 지표들을 일반화하여 여러 가지 가중값을 갖는 타격지표들이 팀의 경기당 평균득점과 갖는 상관관계를 분석하였다. 그 결과 출루율에 57%, 장타율에 43%의 가중값을 주는 가중OPS가 득점 생산성을 가장 잘 설명하는 타격지표인 것으로 밝혀졌다.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.23-42
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• 2000

본 연구는 경제개혁이후 중국의 지역경제성장의 불균등성에 대해 진행된 많은 연구들을 비판적으로 검토하고 시장화 전략에 의한 노동시장성장의 지리적 패턴과 그것이 갖는 지역격차 이해에 대한 함의를 검토한다. 변이할당 분석을 통해 나타난 고용성장의 지리학은 생산량에 기초한 공간경제패턴과 유사한 모습을 나타내고 있는데 이는 시장화의 심화에 따라 노동시장의 성장이 노동수요의 변화에 대응하고 있다는 점을 반증하는 것이다. 또한 생산량과 생산성의 변화가 노동시장의 성장에 대해 갖는 효과를 관찰한 결과, 비국유기업의 생산량 및 생산성의 상대적 증가가 크게 나타나고 있으며 결과적으로 지역변이효과를 통해 지역경제내 고용증대효과를 동남해안지역의 성들 중심으로 가져 온 것으로 나타났다. 반면에 국유기업은 생산량과 생산성의 상대적인 감소로 인하여 고용감소효과를 가져 왔다 결과적으로 노동시장의 성장은 생산의 증대와 함께 지역경제발전의 패턴을 결정하는 중요한 요인으로 작용하고 있다. 아울러 고용성장의 지리적 패턴에 대한 설명과 이해는 나아가 경제개혁이라는 제도적 변화와 관련시킨 연구를 통하여 보다 확대될 수 있다.

• ALGAE
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.193-202
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• 2013

Nitrogen availability and cell density each affects growth and cellular astaxanthin content of Haematococcus pluvialis, but possible combined effects of these two factors on the content and productivity of astaxanthin, especially under outdoor culture conditions, is less understood. In this study, the effects of the initial biomass densities IBDs of 0.1, 0.5, 0.8, 1.5, 2.7, 3.5, and 5.0 g $L^{-1}$ DW and initial nitrogen concentrations of 0, 4.4, 8.8, and 17.6 mM nitrate on growth and cellular astaxanthin content of H. pluvialis Flotow K-0084 were investigated in outdoor glass column photobioreactors in a batch culture mode. A low IBD of 0.1 g $L^{-1}$ DW led to photo-bleaching of the culture within 1-2 days. When the IBD was 0.5 g $L^{-1}$ and above, the rate at which the increase in biomass density and the astaxanthin content on a per cell basis was higher at lower IBD. When the IBD was optimal (i.e., 0.8 g $L^{-1}$), the maximum astaxanthin content of 3.8% of DW was obtained in the absence of nitrogen, whereas the maximum astaxanthin productivity of 16.0 mg $L^{-1}\;d^{-1}$ was obtained in the same IBD culture containing 4.4 mM nitrogen. The strategies for achieving maximum Haematococcus biomass productivity and for maximum cellular astaxanthin content are discussed.