• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.47-51
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• 2004

To evolve silkworm hybrids with higher survival and productivity and easy and effective seed cocoon production, three new evolved bivoltine hybrids of silkworm (Bombyx mori L.), created with participation of sex-limited lines at eggs and larva stage were evaluated with control Super$_1$${\times}$Hessa$_2$ hybrid at Plovdiv Agrarian University during 2000 - 2002. ANOVA analysis was employed and the performance of hybrids was observed in respect of main quantitative traits. The results obtained show significant superiority of new hybrids T$_{15}$ 4/${\times}$TBV$_{2}$24/, XT$_{215}$38/${\times}$TV$_{3}$2/, XT$_{215}$38/${\times}$B$_{2}$6/ and their reciprocal crosses over the control. They were characterized with 99% hatchability of eggs, 93-95% silkworm survival, 2.32- 2.42 g cocoon weight, 53.5-55.7 cg shell weight, 22.9-23.1% shell ratio, 1,307-1,326 m filament length, 3.08-3.17 denier, 95-96% reelability, 44.4-45.1% silk ratio, 569-593 number of normal eggs per lying and 347-364 mg weight of normal eggs per lying. Newly evolved hybrids were manifested high productivity, 41.0-43.6 kg cocoon yield and 7.33-7.78 kg raw silk yield per one box (20,000$\pm$200 viable eggs), which significant surpass the control Super$_1$${\times}$Hessa$_2$ hybrid with 7.6-14.4% and 10.8-17.6%, respectively. T$_{15}$ 4/${\times}$TBV$_{2}$24/ and XT$_{215}$38/${\times}$TV$_{3}$2/ were considered as highly productive hybrids to local conditions and found suitable to rear in spring season.n.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.147-151
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• 2005

Serious attempt for the improvement of quality parameters in silkworm hybrids came rather very late in India. Realising the need for productive breeds to the field and reorientation in breeding methodology, the silkworm breeders of CSRTI, Mysore were able to develop silkworm breeds with fine denier namely, JPN7, CSR48, B63 and B65 of specific industrial requirement through directional selection. As the success of silkworm breeds mainly depends on their combining ability, the developed breeds were subjected for hybrid evaluation. Out of 42 bivoltine hybrids studied, one hybrid, $CSR48{\times}CSR5$ was identified for its superiority over the existing bivoltine hybrids namely $CSR2{\times}CSR4,\;CSR2{\times}CSR5\;and\;CSR18{\times}CSR19$ for majority of qualitative traits. Post cocoon testing of large quantity of cocoons of $CSR48{\times}CSR5$ resulted in the production of high quality '3A'grade silk. It is for the first time in the Indian Sericulture industry that high quality silk with longer filament length of 1474 m, denier of 2.47, standard size deviation of 0.983 d, maximum size deviation of 1.322, neatness of 96 p, reelability of $85\%$, tenacity of 3.87 g/d, elongation of $22.32\%$ and cohesion of 110 strokes was produced. The superiority of fine denier silkworm breeds and their hybrids are discussed.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.171-178
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• 2003

Four thermo-tolerant lines of silkworm, Bombyx mori, (L.) viz., A HT, B HT (Chinese type) and F HT, G HT (Japanese type) were evolved by utilizing the breeding resource material (identified from initial screening at a temperature of 31 ${\pm} 1^{\circ}C$ and relative humidity 85 ${\pm}$ 5%) through conventional breeding. These tolerant lines were crossed with productive breeds and forty four hybrids were evaluated on eight economic traits by the Multiple Trait Evaluation Index Method. Ten hybrids were short-listed based on the average evaluation index value larger than 50 for eight economic traits studied. The identified ten hybrids recorded higher index values (＞ 50) for most of the traits studied. Single hybrid G ${\times}$ CSR12 indicated average index value larger than 50 for six traits viz., pupation number (58), cocoon weight (67), shell weight (65), average filament length (74), raw silk % (69), reelability % (51) except for shell ratio % (41). The standard deviation of the cocoons in the above hybrid was 8.41 in the hybrid cocoon length and width measurement. However, two selected hybrids viz., A ${\times}$ CSR5 and G ${\times}$ CSR13 recorded average index value larger than 50 for all the traits viz., pupation number (57, 60), cocoon weight (50, 54), shell weight (56, 57), shell ratio percentage (59, 53), average filament length (55, 60), raw silk percentage (63, 67) and reelability percentage (53, 53). The standard deviation of the cocoons in the two selected hybrids viz., A ${\times}$ CSR5 and G ${\times}$ CSR13 was 8.41 and 8.06 respectively in the cocoon length and width measurement.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.79-79
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• 2017

Grain Sorghum varieties grown in Korea have low productivity and are constrained by the fact that farmers' choice of improved varieties is limited. Hybrid cultivars have been demonstrated to be more productive and food security than pure line varieties. However, There's no available hybrid cultivars and never planted before in Korea. This study was, therefore, conducted to determine combining ability of Korean landrace varieties and cultivar, the level of heterosis of experimental hybrids depending on environments. Two cytoplasmic male-sterile lines were crossed with six male-fertile lines in accordance with North Carolina II mating scheme to generate 12 experimental hybrids. The hybrids were evaluated in replicated row-column alpha designs at two sites in Texas and South Korea under on-season production conditions. For each trait, general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) effects were estimated using the line-tester method of analysis. Results indicated significant differences among genotypes for both grain yield potential and secondary traits. Hybrids were predominant for grain yield, and displayed up to 127% heterosis of A03017 ${\times}$ Sodamchal in Korea. Positive GCA for yield was observed for Donganme, Hwanggeumchal and Jungmo4002 in Korea. Among them Jungmo4002 and Donganme had highly positive for yield (227.90 and 84.90 kg ha-1), while it showed negative GCA for yield in College station (-40.90, -189.60 kg ha-1). ATx630 ${\times}$ Sodamchal had the greatest SCA for yield (468.10 kg/ha) in College station but at South Korea its SCA effect was -302.40 kg/ha. A similar trend was observed, followed by A03017 ${\times}$ Donganme (SCA effect = 215 kg ha-1 at College station vs. -44.20 kg ha-1 at South Korea). At South Korea the greatest positive SCA effect for grain was observed in ATx630 ${\times}$ Jungmo4002 as 322.20 kg/ha. Both GCA and SCA effects significantly interacted with site effects demonstrating the need for region adaptation of potential cultivars and test for developing Korea suitable cultivar.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.196-208
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• 2009

감응 성질을 탑재한 복잡한 고분자 재료가 시장에 등장하기 시작하고 있다. 가역적이며 비공유성인 상호작용을 사용하여 이와 같은 감응형 재료를 설계하는 예가 많아지고 있다. 최근에 개발된 수소결합 단위가 이와 같은 설계 기법을 극으로 치닫게 하고 있다. 단량체를 이어주는 힘이 수소결합뿐인 초분자 고분자는 온도나 용매의 변화에 기계적 성질이 감응되는 재료를 형성한다. 본 보문에서는 수소결합으로 이루어진 초분자 고분자가 자기치유 재료로 사용되는 예를 소개한다. 재생 가능한 고무성 재료를 합성하는 일은 그리 매력적이라 할 수 없다. 그러나 상온에서 접착제를 사용하지 않고도 손상을 반복해서 치유할 수 있는 고무 재료는 우리의 상상의 나래를 펼치게 하는 재료이다. 외부의 간섭 없이 환경적 자극에 비선형적으로 감응하여 파손된 부분을 치유시키는 재료인 자기치유 재료는 여러 가지 첨단공학 계에서 엄청난 가능성을 가진 재료라 할 수 있다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.262-269
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• 1994

본 연구는 잡종 강세 정도가 다른 벼 F$_1$과 양친품종들의 생장 특성 및 다수성 요인을 구명하고자 Indica와 Japonica에서 각각 F$_1$의 잡종강세가 큰 것과 작은 것 그리고 이들의 양친 등 10개 품종을 공시하여 생육 시기별 생장 특성, 질소 함량과 공간적 분포, 흡광계수, 광합성 속도, 수량 및 수량 구성요소에 대하여 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. F$_1$의 잡종강세가 나타나는 수량 구성요소는 수수와 수당 영화수였으며, 단위 면적당 영화수는 양자의 Heterosis가 상승적으로 작용하여 가장 큰 잡종강세를 나타내었으며 등숙률과 천립중은 잡종강세 현상이 나타나지 않았다. 2. 출수기에 양친보다 상층부에 분포하는 잎이 많았으며 또한 광 소멸계수는 전 생육기간에 걸쳐서 양친보다 작아서 수광상태가 양호한 군락 구조를 형성하였다. 3. F$_1$은 양친에 비하여 잎의 질소함량이 높을 뿐만 아니라 군락 상하층간의 질소농도의 구배가 커서 군락 동화에 유리한 질소의 공간적 분포를 하였는데, 특히 생육 초기에 F$_1$과 양친간 질소의 공간적 구배의 차이가 컸으며 생육의 진전에 따라 그 차이는 작아졌다. 4. 유수 분화기 엽의 광합성 속도는 F$_1$이 양친 품종들보다 높았는데 이는 엽의 질소함량이 높은데서 기인되는 것으로 판단되었으며, 같은 품종군에서는 수량의 Heterosis가 높은 조합이 광합성 속도와 질소함량이 높았다. 5. 유수분화기 이전 특히 생육초기의 군락생장율(CGR), 순동화율(NAR), 엽면적지수(LAI)는 양친에 비하여 잡종품종이 높았으며, 품종들의 이 생육지표들은 잎의 질소함량과 높은 정의 상관이 있었다. 한편 영양생장기의 이 생육지표들 및 질소 보유량과 품종들의 수량 및 단위 면적당 영화수와는 정의 유의한 상관이 있었으며 생육초기일수록 상관이 높았다. 6. F$_1$은 생육초기에 엽의 질소함량이 높아 단위동화율이 높을 뿐만아니라 질소의 군락내 상하간의 농도 구배가 크고 흡광계수가 낮아 군락의 광합성에 유리하고, 이에따른 영양 생장기 건물 생산성의 증대가 단위 면적당 영화수의 증대를 통해 수량의 증대를 가져오는 것으로 판단되었다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.209-219
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• 2003

An experiment was initiated to evaluate hybrid vigour in twelve F$_1$ hybrids and seven three-way crosses of multivoltine ${\times}$ bivoltine silkworm between newly evolved multivoltine breed BL67 with productive bivoltine CSR breeds and hybrids. Analysis of variances computed for different characters among F$_1$hybrids and three-way crosses showed highly significant differences among them indicating presence of both additive and non-additive gene actions for the expression of these characters. Among twelve F$_1$ hybrids, two F$_1$ hybrids viz., BL67${\times}$CSR$_4$and BL67${\times}$CSR$_{5}$ have expressed significant heterosis for nine characters and two hybrids viz., BL67${\times}$NB$_4$D$_2$and PM${\times}$NB$_4$D$_2$ for eight characters whereas out of nine three-way crosses, three hybrids viz., BL67${\times}$ (CSR$_3$${\times}$CSR$_{6}$), BL67${\times}$(CSR$_{16}$${\times}$CRS$_{17}$) and BL67${\times}$(CSR$_{18}$ ${\times}$CSR$_{19}$) expressed significant heterosis for eight characters. In the present study, it is observed that the cocoons of two hybrids viz., BL67${\times}$CSR$_4$and BL67${\times}$CSR$_{19}$ were found to be uniform as these hybrids showed lowest CV％ (5.35 and 5.38) among twelve F$_1$ hybrids and seven three way crosses between multivoltine ${\times}$ bivoltine hybrids. Four F$_1$ hybrids viz., BL67${\times}$CSR$_4$, BL67${\times}$CSR$_{5}$, BL67${\times}$ (CSR$_3$${\times}$CSR$_{6}$), BL67${\times}$(CSR$_{16}$${\times}$CRS$_{17}$) and BL67${\times}$(CSR$_{18}$ ${\times}$CSR$_{19}$) showed superiority in expressing hybrid vigour and are considered as best heterotic hybrids for commercial exploitation.ion.ation.ion.ation.ion.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.75-78
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• 2005

Inheritance of cocoon and shell weight characters in silkworm crosses between sex-limited at larva stage lines, including three (NIG$_{1}$ $\times$ TV$_{3/2}$ ,NIG$_{1}$ $\times$ TBV$_{2/24}$ and NIG$_{1}$ $\times$ B$_{2/6}$ ) from Japanese type and three (NIG$_{2}$ $\times$ B$_{2/6}$ ,TV$_{3/2}$ $\times$ NIG$_{1}$ and NIG$_{2}$ $\times$ TBV$_{2/24}$ ) from Chinese type was studied at Regional Centre for Scientific­Applied Service - Vratza during the period of 2000 ­2002. Inheritance of tested characters in F I was deter­mined through genetic parameters, additiveness (a), dominance (d) and their ratio (d/a). Degree and frequency of transgressions in F$_{2}$ were calculated also. Over dominance (d/a(>) 1) with bigger contribution of the parent with higher value was determined at inheritance tested characters. Transgressions obtained at cocoon and shell weight characters were positive and varied in wide limits. The productivity of parent's lines had defined the variability of genetic parameters for degree and frequency of transgressions. Combination of positive transgressions at cocoon and shell weight characters in F2 hybrid populations from sex-limited at larva stage allow us to select individuals with high productive potential for further use in selection programs.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.77-87
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• 2018

Since the inception of the platform business in educational contents, the prominence of the online educational video has flipped the educational environment. Educational contents have been produced on the internet and allowed learners to access more flexible and student-centered. In fact, the number of people watching the educational content online, such as TED talks and YouTube, has increased during the past decade. The ways of delivering the lecture and the course information in online educational videos are totally different from the traditional lectures. In this paper, we aimed to examine and categorize the online educational videos based on the user's engagement and interest in the course contents. For the study, a negative binomial regression analysis was applied to estimate the effects of the attributes of the traditional lectures by comparatively analyzing the educational videos online. Several values are determined as engaging factors in the online educational videos; hybrid production of education and entertainment, shorter duration, and the number of presenters. From the study, we suggests how to produce engaging educational contents which will appeal the attentions from the users. Moreover, the result of the study may use as a guide to the providers making the productive educational videos.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.85-91
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• 1976

A comparison betwen the productivity of Pinus rigida which is native in the Eastern United States, and P. rigitaeda which is F1 hybrid between P. rigida and P. taeda, has been established. For each tree the diameter at breast height (D) and the height of tree (H) were measured in three years. The standard sample trees were down and then weighed each organ. From obtained data the allometric relation between $D_2H$ and dry weight of the trunk (Ws), the branches (Wb) and the leaves (Wl) of P. rigida were approxmated by $$Ws=0.0592 (D^2H)^{0.837}$$ $$Wb=0.0065 (D^2H)^{0.989}$$ $$Wl=0.0447(D^2H)^{0.690}$$ and those of P. rigitaeda were approximated by $$Ws=0.0522 (D^2H)^{0.843}$$ $$Wb=0.0037 (D^2H)^{1.117}$$ $$Wl=0.0207 (D^2H)^{0.856}$$ From the above, the standing crops of above ground of P. rigida were estimated to be as much as 16.93-34.35 ton dry matter per ha, and those of P. rigitaeda were 20.45-45.55 ton per ha. Annual net production was appraised at 8.07-9.35 ton/ha.yr in P. rigida and at 11.59-13.41 ton/ha.yr in P. rigitaeda (1.0:1.4). It is assumed that high productivity of P. rigitaeda stand compared with P. rigida resulted from an increase of the leaf amount with age. Photosynthetic ability under the saturated light of the current and theold leaves of P. rigida were respectively 2.62 and 0.66mg CO2/g. d. wt..hr and those of P. rigitaeda were 1.17 and 0.96mg CO2/g.d. wt.hr. Respiration of the current and the old leaves at $25^{\circ}C$ were 1.00 and 0.90 mg CO2/g. d. wt..hr. in P. rigida and 0.90 and 0.45mg CO2/g.d.wt.hr in P. rigitaeda. It is assumed that photosynthetic longevity of P. rigitaeda leaves was vigorously maintained longer than that of P. rigida.