• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.378-385
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• 2021

The production of plum jangachi requires the cleaning of plums, immersion in saltwater, separation of seed and pulp, removal of impurities, and addition of sugar. In most farms, the separation of plum seed and pulp is carried out manually, requiring considerable labor, which is why plum jangachi is expensive. To solve this problem, this study designed and manufactured automatic, semi-automatic plum seed and pulp separators. During the design process, the characteristics were compared, and the machine power was determined through on-site test after manufacture. As a result, automatic machines used plums 180° arrayed and six reverse-edged blades, semi-automated plums 180° arrayed, and six blades, each with a 68% and 57% pulp recovery rate and a machine power of 80 kg/h and 62 kg/h respectively. Overall, the mechanization of plum processed food will reduce labor and increase the market value of plums compared to the previous method.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.28-36
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• 2022

Currently, the automation and intelligence of the shipbuilding industry have improved its work production capacity and cost competitiveness, but the reduction rate of safety accidents among industrial site workers is still low and the damage caused by safety accidents is very serious, so there is a need for improvement according to the workplace. This research aims to demonstrate the connectivity between smart safety helmets in the demonstration area to verify the effectiveness along with the development of smart helmets for worker protection and environmental safety in shipyards. For efficient communication between workers, impact noise of over 95dB was confirmed in the workplace, and noise reduction was required. To solve this problem, the filtering performance was compared and analyzed using the Butterworth, Chebyshev, and elliptic algorithms. The connectivity test and noise reduction method between smart helmets proposed in this study will increase the usability and safety of the field through the development of advanced smart helmets tailored to the shipbuilding workplace in the future.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.237-242
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• 2015

The use of calcite-forming bacteria (CFB) in crack remediation and durability improvements in construction materials creates a permanent and environmentally-friendly material. Therefore, research into this type of application is stimulating interdisciplinary studies between microbiology and architectural engineering. However, the mechanisms giving rise to these materials are dependent on calcite precipitation by the metabolism of the CFB, which raises concerns about possible hazards to cement-based construction due to microbial metabolic acid production. The aim of this study was to determine target microorganisms that possibly can have bio-corrosive effects on cement mortar and to assess multi-functional CFBs for their safe application to cement structures. The chalky test was first used to evaluate the $CaCO_3$ solubilization feature of construction sites by fungi, yeast, bacterial strains. Not all bacterial strains are able to solubilize $CaCO_3$, but C. sphaerospermum KNUC253 or P. prolifica KNUC263 showed $CaCO_3$ solubilization activity. Therefore, these two strains were identified as target microorganisms that require control in cement structures. The registered patented strains Bacillus aryabhatti KNUC205, Arthrobacter nicotianae KNUC2100, B. thuringiensis KNUC2103 and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia KNUC2106, reported as multifunctional CFB (fungal growth inhibition, crack remediation, and water permeability reduction of cement surfaces) and isolated from Dokdo or construction site were unable to solubilize $CaCO_3$. Notably, B. aryabhatti KNUC205 and A. nicotianae KNUC2100 could not hydrolyze cellulose or protein, which can be the major constituent macromolecules of internal materials for buildings. These results show that several reported multi-functional CFB can be applied to cement structures or diverse building environments without corrosive or bio-deteriorative risks.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.107-121
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• 2010

We conducted a sensitivity test of Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES), in which the influence of biophysical parameters on the simulation of gross primary productivity (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (RE) was investigated for two typical ecosystems in Korea. For this test, we employed the whole-year observation of eddy-covariance fluxes measured in 2006 at two KoFlux sites: (1) a deciduous forest in complex terrain in Gwangneung and (2) a farmland with heterogeneous mosaic patches in Haenam. Our analysis showed that the simulated GPP was most sensitive to the maximum rate of RuBP carboxylation and leaf nitrogen concentration for both ecosystems. RE was sensitive to wood biomass parameter for the deciduous forest in Gwangneung. For the mixed farmland in Haenam, however, RE was most sensitive to the maximum rate of RuBP carboxylation and leaf nitrogen concentration like the simulated GPP. For both sites, the JULES model overestimated both GPP and RE when the default values of input parameters were adopted. Considering the fact that the leaf nitrogen concentration observed at the deciduous forest site was only about 60% of its default value, the significant portion of the model's overestimation can be attributed to such a discrepancy in the input parameters. Our finding demonstrates that the abovementioned key biophysical parameters of the two ecosystems should be evaluated carefully prior to any simulation and interpretation of ecosystem carbon exchange in Korea.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.122-129
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• 1998

It were reported that antifungal mechanism of Enterobacter cloacae is a volatile ammonia that produced by the strain in soil, and the production of ammonia is related to the bacterial urease activity. A powerful bacterium SH14 against soil-borne pathogen Fusarium solani, which cause root rot of many important crops, was selected from a ginseng pathogen suppressive soil. The strain SH14 was identified as Bacillus subtilis by cultural, biochemical, morphological method, and $API^{circledR}$ test. From several in vitro tests, the antifungal substance that is produced from B. subtilis SH14 was revealed as heat-stable and low-molecular weight antibiotic substance. In order to construct the multifunctional biocontrol agent, the urease gene of Bacillus pasteurii which can produce pathogenes-suppressive ammonia transferred into antifungal bacterium. First, a partial BamH I digestion fragment of plasmid pBU11 containing the alkalophilic B. pasteurii l1859 urease gene was inserted into the BamH I site of pEB203 and expressed in Escherichia coli JM109. The recombinant plasmid was designated as pGU366. The plasmid pGU366 containing urease gene was introduced into the B. subtilis SH14 with PEG-induced protoplast transformation (PIP) method. The urease gene was very stably expressed in the transformant of B. subtilis SH14. Also, the optimal conditions for transformation were established and the highest transformation frequency was obtained by treatment of lysozyme for 90 min, and then addition of 1.5 ${mu}g$/ml DNA and 40% PEG4000. From the in vitro antifungal test against F. solani, antifungal activity of B. subtilis SH14(pGu366) containing urease gene was much higher than that of the host strain. Genetical development of B. subtilis SH14 by transfer of urease gene can be responsible for enhanced biocontrol efficacy with its antibiotic action.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.279-287
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• 2016

NIFS conducted a feasibility study on the bay scallop Argopecten irradians aquaculture in the test site of Dongsanri, Yangyang-gun, Gangwon-do in June 2015. The transplantation for the test was also carried out in June. The average shell length was $5.79{\pm}0.6mm$ at the time, $15.83{\pm}0.8mm$ in July, $39.40{\pm}0.7mm$ in September, $55.72{\pm}5.8mm$ in November and $59.67{\pm}1.7mm$ in December. At the time of transplantation, the average shell height was $6.06{\pm}0.7mm$, and it grew to $16.40{\pm}0.9mm$ in July, $53.16{\pm}5.2mm$ in November and $55.80{\pm}2.9mm$ in December. Total weight was $0.78{\pm}0.5g$ in July but increased to $24.25{\pm}4.2g$ in November and $26.06{\pm}4.3g$ in December. The daily growth rate of shell length(DGR) was 0.33 mm / day in June, 0.43 mm / day in September and 0.13 mm / day in November. DGR of weight was 0.20 g / day in June, 0.27 g / day in September, 0.06 g / day in November. The relative growth of shell length and shell height was y = 0.9132x and $R^2=0.9923$. As a result, it was proved that bay scallop aquaculture is possible in Gangwon province, the northern part of the East Sea. This will definitely increase the income of fishermen by enabling them to culture more aquaculture species than the single large Patinopecten yessoensis in the region.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.375-395
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• 2006

Purpose: Lingual nerve (LN) damage may be caused by either tumor resection or injury such as wisdom tooth extraction, Although autologous nerve graft is sometimes used to repair the damaged nerve, it has the disadvantage of necessity of another operation for nerve harvesting. Moreover, the results of nerve grafting is not satisfactory. The nerve growth factor (NGF) is well-known to play a critical role in peripheral nerve regeneration and its local delivery to the injured nerve has been continuously tried to enhance nerve regeneration. However, its application has limitations like repeated administration due to short half life of 30 minutes and an in vivo delivery model must allow for direct and local delivery. The aim of this study was to construct a well-functioning $rhNGF-{\beta}$ adenovirus for the ultimate development of improved method to promote peripheral nerve regeneration with enhanced and extended secretion of hNGF from the injured nerve by injecting $rhNGF-{\beta}$ gene directly into crush-injured LN in rat model. Materials and Methods: $hNGF-{\beta}$ gene was prepared from fetal brain cDNA library and cloned into E1/E3 deleted adenoviral vector which contains green fluorescence protein (GFP) gene as a reporter. After large scale production and purification of $rhNGF-{\beta}$ adenovirus, transfection efficiency and its expression at various cells (primary cultured Schwann cells, HEK293 cells, Schwann cell lines, NIH3T3 and CRH cells) were evaluated by fluorescent microscopy, RT-PCR, ELISA, immunocytochemistry. Furthermore, the function of rhNGF-beta, which was secreted from various cells infected with $rhNGF-{\beta}$ adenovirus, was evaluated using neuritogenesis of PC-12 cells. For in vivo evaluation of efficacy of $rhNGF-{\beta}$ adenovirus, the LNs of 8-week old rats were exposed and crush-injured with a small hemostat for 10 seconds. After the injury, $rhNGF-{\beta}$ adenovirus($2{\mu}l,\;1.5{\times}10^{11}pfu$) or saline was administered into the crushed site in the experimental (n=24) and the control group (n=24), respectively. Sham operation of another group of rats (n=9) was performed without administration of either saline or adenovirus. The taste recovery and the change of fungiform papilla were studied at 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks. Each of the 6 animals was tested with different solutions (0.1M NaCl, 0.1M sucrose, 0.01M QHCl, or 0.01M HCl) by two-bottle test paradigm and the number of papilla was counted using SEM picture of tongue dorsum. LN was explored at the same interval as taste study and evaluated electro-physiologically (peak voltage and nerve conduction velocity) and histomorphometrically (axon count, myelin thickness). Results: The recombinant adenovirus vector carrying $rhNGF-{\beta}$ was constructed and confirmed by restriction endonuclease analysis and DNA sequence analysis. GFP expression was observed in 90% of $rhNGF-{\beta}$ adenovirus infected cells compared with uninfected cells. Total mRNA isolated from $rhNGF-{\beta}$ adenovirus infected cells showed strong RT-PCR band, however uninfected or LacZ recombinant adenovirus infected cells did not. NGF quantification by ELISA showed a maximal release of $18865.4{\pm}310.9pg/ml$ NGF at the 4th day and stably continued till 14 days by $rhNGF-{\beta}$ adenovirus infected Schwann cells. PC-12 cells exposed to media with $rhNGF-{\beta}$ adenovirus infected Schwann cell revealed at the same level of neurite-extension as the commercial NGF did. $rhNGF-{\beta}$ adenovirus injected experimental groups in comparison to the control group exhibited different taste preference ratio. Salty, sweet and sour taste preference ratio were significantly different after 2 weeks from the beginning of the experiment, which were similar to the sham group, but not to the control group.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.335-342
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• 2010

Sulforaphane (SFN) and total phenolics (TPC) contents and antioxidant activity (AA) were analyzed from 13 radish genotypes (Rhaphanus sativus L.), cultivated at 3 locations with different altitudes (Gangneung: asl 5 m, Jinbu: asl 550 m, and Daegwallyeong: asl 750 m). SFN varied greatly from 0.1 to $120.5{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$ in dry weight test and was significantly affected by location ($P{\leq}0.001$), genotype ($P{\leq}0.001$) and $location{\times}genotype$ interaction ($P{\leq}0.01$). Radishes, cultivated at Daegwallyeong site, showed higher SFN than those of other locations. Among different genotypes, the root of 'Black radish' and leaves of 'Purunmu' of Daegwallyeong had the highest SFN (107.8 and $120.5{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$, respectively). TPC in root was affected by genotype ($P{\leq}0.001$), and $location{\times}genotype$ interaction ($P{\leq}0.01$), but not by location. In leaves, TPC was affected by location ($P{\leq}0.01$), genotype ($P{\leq}0.001$), and $location{\times}genotype$ interaction ($P{\leq}0.001$). AA expressed as electron donating ability was significantly influenced by location, genotype and $location{\times}genotype$ interaction and correlated positively with TPC ($Pearson's$ $r$=0.897) in root. These results suggest that radish could be a good source of functional food and high altitude location such as Daegwallyeong has potential for the production of radish with high content of health promoting factors.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.111 no.4
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• pp.613-621
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• 2022

The study aim was to investigate changes in the diameter, number of standing trees, stand volume per ha and site index by the forest survey order, climate zone (northern temperate, central temperate, southern temperate, and warm temperate regions), and altitude in 100 m intervals) by collecting samples of Robinia pseudoacacia from the fifth, sixth, and seventh national forest survey datasets. The rotation cutting age, which is a standard used for wood, was calculated. The changes were statistically analyzed by performing ANOVA and the Duncan multiple test. Diameter growth naturally increased according to the forest survey order and was lowest in the southern temperate region by climate zone and lowest at the 301-400 m altitude. The number of standing trees per ha did not change according to the forest survey order and altitude, and the density was highest in the central temperate region and lowest in the southern temperate region. The stand volume per ha increased according to the forest survey order, and the climate zone was divided into two groups: ① northern temperate region and central temperate region, ② southern temperate region and warm temperate region. The stand volume growth was highest at the 201-300 m point. Thesite index showed results similar to the change pattern of the stand volume per ha. The growth curve, which can be seen by the change in stand volume per ha, was estimated by applying theWeibull formula, and the stand volume per ha was estimated to reach approximately 200 m³/ha at 50-60 years. The rotation of the highest production in volume, which is the standard for using trees as wood rather than honey sources, was calculated to be 34 years.