• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.2.1-2.10
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• 2016

Background: Heat stress adversely affects the physiological and metabolic status, and the productive performance of buffalo. Methods: The present study was conducted to explicate the effect of misting and wallowing cooling strategies during heat stress in lactating Murrah buffalo. The study was conducted for three months (May-July) of which first two months were hot dry and last month was hot humid. Eighteen lactating buffaloes, offered the same basal diet, were blocked by days in milk, milk yield and parity, and then randomly allocated to three treatments: negative control (no cooling), cooling by misting, and cooling by wallowing. Results: The results showed higher (P < 0.05) milk yield in buffaloes of misting and wallowing group compared to control during the experimental period however wallowing was found more (P < 0.05) effective during July (hot humid period). Both the treatments resulted into significant (P < 0.05) reduction in rectal temperature (RT) and respiratory rate (RR) compared to control animals during study period whereas wallowing was found to be effective on pulse rate (PR) only during July. Both treatments were resulted in mitigating the heat stress mediated decrease in packed cell volume (PCV), lymphocytopnoea and neutrophilia whereas decrease in total erythrocyte count (TEC) and monocytes was only mitigated by wallowing. Heat load induced alteration in serum creatinine and sodium concentration was significantly (P < 0.05) ameliorated by misting and wallowing whereas aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and superoxide dismutase activity, and reactive oxygen species concentration could be normalized neither by misting nor by wallowing. The significant (P < 0.05) increment in serum cortisol and prolactin levels observed in June and July period in control animals was significantly (P < 0.05) prevented by misting and wallowing. Conclusions: It can be concluded that misting and wallowing were equally effective in May and June (hot dry period) whereas wallowing was more effective during hot humid period in preventing a decline in milk production and maintaining physiological, metabolic, endocrine and redox homeostasis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.694-697
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• 2000

Laying hens kept in different light and dark periods of the day at high ambient temperature of maximum $35^{\circ}C$ were challenged to $38.5{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$ acute heat 3 hours daily for 7 consecutive days. They were found to have a significant (p<0.01) acclimatization response (rectal temperature) to heat stress during the dark period compared to those exposed to the same temperature during the light period. The blood pH was not significantly different. The partial pressure of carbon dioxide ($PCO_2$) was significantly high (p<0.01) except in day 4. Similarly the blood bicarbonate ($HCO_3$) concentration was significantly high (p<0.05) except day three and day four. Acute heat exposure in the first day increased the body temperature in both groups (Light and Dark) reaching $44^{\circ}C$, followed by gradual reduction in body temperature. The dark treated birds showed rapid reduction in body temperature ($42.88^{\circ}C$) and adaptation to high temperature during days 2-4 but that this was lost to some extent in days 6-8. However this was not obvious in the light treated birds. It is concluded that darkness reduce hyperthermia and enhance acclimatization responses during acute heat stress.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.303-308
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• 1992

Three female sheep were daily administered a pyrophosphate analogue, disodium 1-hydroxyethylidene-1, 1-bisphosphonate (HEBP) at the level of 4 mg/kg body weight. HEBP largely suppressed bone resorption, which was indicated by the reduction in plasma free hydroxyproline concentration and in calcium mobilization rate during the intravenous infusion of disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA). Contrary to the suppression of bone resorption, plasma total-calcium, magnesium and phosphorus concentrations were not changed by HEBP administration. These results suggest that bone mineral crystals play a meaningless role on calcium, magnesium and phosphorus homeostasis in ruminants if they are fed adequate amounts of these minerals. Plasma magnesium and phosphorus concentrations were not significantly changed after feeding. However, plasma total-calcium was decreased after feeding in both periods and the reduction seemed to be remarkable in the HEBP-treated period. Infusion of EDTA more remarkably reduced plasma ionized calcium concentration in the HEBP-treated that in the untreated period and the recovery of ionized calcium was retarded by HEBP administration. These results suggest that calcium release from bone is necessary for maintenance of plasma calcium when animals rapidly lose calcium.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2018.11a
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• pp.83-84
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• 2018

As the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere increases, the reduction of CO2 is gaining worldwide attention. In the construction industry, cement replacement materials such as fly ash and blast furnace slag were investigated to reduce CO2 emissions in cement production process. Precast concrete is used in the field after manufacturing in the factory in the form of pipes and bricks because of shortening construction period and cutting construction cost. According to the results of previous research, it is known that early CO2 curing in concrete using OPC or fly ash has an initial strength enhancement effect and can be used for precast concrete production. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the strength improvement effect by confirming the initial strength improvement effect when blast furnace slag is mixed.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.196-199
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• 2009

Korean government decided to give a subsidy for renewable energy system of green home. This policy will make an appeal to consumers. But For success of this policy, Economic benefit of consumer is essential. In this study, benefit and cost is seperated to consumer part and government part, respectively. consumer's benefit is energy saving and asset value increment. Consumer's cost is real input money except government's subsidy. Government's benefit is consist of energy import reduction, carbon discharge reduction and new production increment, As a result, the government subsidy will not so enough to activate the green home. PV system for the korean general apartment has the payback period of 19 years. So, For the dissemination of renewable energy of green home, more strong subsidy policy and more economic technoloy development is requested.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.307-314
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• 1998

The response of water stree under high and low temperatures, was shown differently according to the longer the suspension period of water supply. Leaf photosynthetic rate(LPS), leaf water potential(WP), relative leaf water content and relative soil water content were lower. At the higher temperatures, the percentate of reduction in LPS and WP was greater than at low temperatures. It is suggested that evaporation rate should be higher in the high temperature than the lower temperature. Also leaf water potential was lower at high temperature than at low temperature. After the 9 th day of treatment , LSP was remarkably reduced at high temperature, but the reduction of LPS was not significant at low temperature. Solidago virga-aurea var. asiatic that maintained LPS of 3rd day after treatment was more strong than other varieties at low temperatures. The silting and curling of leaves were observed symptoms of stress on the 9th day at the both temperatures. The leaves of aster scaber and Ligularia fischeri turned red on the 9th day after treatment at low temperature.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.471-478
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• 2011

The objectives were to compare the ability of various rumen microbial fractions to reduce nitrate and to assess the effect of nitrate on in vitro fermentation characteristics. Physical and chemical methods were used to differentiate the rumen microbial population into the following fractions: whole rumen fluid (WRF), protozoa (Pr), bacteria (Ba), and fungi (Fu). The three nitrogen substrate treatments were as follows: no supplemental nitrogen source, nitrate or urea, with the latter two being isonitrogenous additions. The results showed that during 24 h incubation, WRF, Pr and Ba fractions had an ability to reduce nitrate, and the rate of nitrate disappearance for the Pr fraction was similar to the WRF fraction, while the Ba fraction needed an adaptation period of 12 h before rapid nitrate disappearance. The WRF fraction had the greatest methane ($CH_4$) production and the Pr fraction had the greatest prevailing $H_2$ concentration (p<0.05). Compared to the urea treatment, nitrate diminished net gas and $CH_4$ production during incubation (p<0.05), and ammonia-N ($NH_3$-N) concentration (p<0.01). Nitrate also increased acetate, decreased propionate and decreased butyrate molar proportions (p<0.05). The Pr fraction had the highest acetate to propionate ratio (p<0.05). The Pr fraction as well as the Ba fraction appears to have an important role in nitrate reduction. Nitrate did not consistently alter total VFA concentration, but it did shift the VFA profile to higher acetate, lower propionate and lower butyrate molar proportions, consistent with less $CH_4$ production by all microbial fractions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.19-20
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• 2016

Domestic construction industry has experienced many difficulties as it has been on a downward. It's a way that active modular structure market to solve this problem. However, as Modular structure technical standard in Korea is in the early stages, our modular factory maufactured rate is almost 40% lower than overseas. Besides, there is less design diversity so it just applies for a few buildings like low-rise building and general group barrackes. To deal with these problems, it is essential to modulating the equipment which can improve the production rate. This will help to ensure the quality, shortening of the construction period, the reduction of labor costs. We have defined the name of segmented by each installation location of the equipment to modulating equipment. And it was examined the suitability of the modulating of the location-specific utility system. The results of the analysis are discussed on the page.

• Special Issue of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.151-158
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• 2005

It is important to control material flow in shipbuilding as it decides the productivity of production, cost and period of production. The weight of material in a big shipyard is even more one million tons. The results contained in this paper can provide the valuable information on the effect of reduction of cost and competitive power. The intention of this paper is to let ship builders pay attention to material flow. This paper refers to other manufacture's methods to improve their material flow and also give one example to show how to pursue to improve material flow in a shop. We have still lots of room to improve material flow.

• BMB Reports
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.564-568
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• 1996

Bursts of ethylene production occurred in twice at an early exponential (EEP) and prestationary (PSP) phases, respectively, during growth of callus tissue isolated from the root of soybean seedlings. The second burst of ethylene production at PSP was smaller in magnitude than the earlier one at EEP, but was followed by increases in both guaiacol peroxidase (GuPOX) and ascorbate peroxidase (AsPOX). The increase in AsPOX activity was also preceded by an increase in lipoxygenase (LOX) activity. Treatment of the tissue with the ethylene antagonist 2,5-norbonadiene (NBD) resulted in substantial reduction in LOX and AsPOX activities during this period. GuPOX activity was reduced only slightly, if any, by NBD. Role of ethylene in the sequential induction of LOX and AsPOX in senescing callus tissue is discussed.