Journal of Animal Science and Technology

Korean Society of Animal Sciences and Technology (한국축산학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of misting and wallowing cooling systems on milk yield, blood and physiological variables during heat stress in lactating Murrah buffalo

  • Yadav, Brijesh (Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Veterinary University) ;
  • Pandey, Vijay (Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Veterinary University) ;
  • Yadav, Sarvajeet (Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Veterinary University) ;
  • Singh, Yajuvendra (Department of Livestock Production Management, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Veterinary University) ;
  • Kumar, Vinod (Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Veterinary University) ;
  • Sirohi, Rajneesh (Department of Livestock Production Management, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Veterinary University)
  • Received : 2015.09.24
  • Accepted : 2015.12.29
  • Published : 2016.01.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Background: Heat stress adversely affects the physiological and metabolic status, and the productive performance of buffalo. Methods: The present study was conducted to explicate the effect of misting and wallowing cooling strategies during heat stress in lactating Murrah buffalo. The study was conducted for three months (May-July) of which first two months were hot dry and last month was hot humid. Eighteen lactating buffaloes, offered the same basal diet, were blocked by days in milk, milk yield and parity, and then randomly allocated to three treatments: negative control (no cooling), cooling by misting, and cooling by wallowing. Results: The results showed higher (P < 0.05) milk yield in buffaloes of misting and wallowing group compared to control during the experimental period however wallowing was found more (P < 0.05) effective during July (hot humid period). Both the treatments resulted into significant (P < 0.05) reduction in rectal temperature (RT) and respiratory rate (RR) compared to control animals during study period whereas wallowing was found to be effective on pulse rate (PR) only during July. Both treatments were resulted in mitigating the heat stress mediated decrease in packed cell volume (PCV), lymphocytopnoea and neutrophilia whereas decrease in total erythrocyte count (TEC) and monocytes was only mitigated by wallowing. Heat load induced alteration in serum creatinine and sodium concentration was significantly (P < 0.05) ameliorated by misting and wallowing whereas aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and superoxide dismutase activity, and reactive oxygen species concentration could be normalized neither by misting nor by wallowing. The significant (P < 0.05) increment in serum cortisol and prolactin levels observed in June and July period in control animals was significantly (P < 0.05) prevented by misting and wallowing. Conclusions: It can be concluded that misting and wallowing were equally effective in May and June (hot dry period) whereas wallowing was more effective during hot humid period in preventing a decline in milk production and maintaining physiological, metabolic, endocrine and redox homeostasis.

Keywords

References

  1. Javaid SB, Gadahi JA, Khaskeli M, Bhutto MB, Kumbher S, Panhwar AH. Physical and chemical quality of market milk sold at Tandojam, Pakistan. Pak Vet J. 2009;29:27-31.
  2. FAOSTAT. http://faostat.fao.org/. 2007. Accessed on 12th September 2015.
  3. Marai IFM, Haeeb AAM. Buffalo's biological functions as affected by heat stress-A review. Livest Sci. 2010;127(2):89-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2009.08.001
  4. Shafie MM. Physiology responses and adaptation of water buffalo. In: Yousef MK, editor. Stress Physiology in Livestock Vol II, Ungulates'. Boca Raton: CRC Press, Inc; 1985. p. 67-80.
  5. Shafie MM, El-Khair MA. Activity of the sebaceous glands of bovines in hot climates. United Arab Republic J Anim Prod. 1970;10(1):81-8.
  6. Das SK, Upadhyay RC, Madan ML. Heat stress in Murrah buffalo calves. Livest Prod Sci. 1999;61(1):71-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-6226(99)00040-8
  7. Das KS, Singh J, Singh G, Upadhyay R, Malik R, Oberoi P. Heat stress alleviation in lactating buffaloes: Effect on physiological response, metabolic hormone, milk production and composition. Indian J Anim Sci. 2014;84(3):275-80.
  8. Yadav B, Singh G, Verma AK, Dutta N, Sejian V. Impact of heat stress on rumen functions. Vet World. 2013;6(12):992-6. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2013.992-996
  9. Akyuz A, Boyaci S, Cayli A. Determination of critical period for dairy cows using temperature humidity index. J Anim Vet Adv. 2010;9(13):1824-7. https://doi.org/10.3923/javaa.2010.1824.1827
  10. Broucek J, Novak P, Vokralova J, Soch M, Kisac P, Uhrinca M. Effect of high temperature on milk production of cows from free-stall housing with natural ventilation. Slovak J Anim Sci. 2009;42(4):167-73.
  11. Kumar BVS, Singh G, Meur SK. Effects of addition of electrolyte and ascorbic acid in feed during heat stress in buffaloes. Asian Australas J Anim Sci. 2010;23(7):880-8. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2010.90053
  12. Singh SP, Hooda OK, Kumar P. Effect of yeast supplementation on feed intake and thermal stress mitigation in buffaloes. Indian J Anim Sci. 2011;81(9):961-4.
  13. Singh SP, Hooda OK, Kundu SS, Singh S. Biochemical changes in heat exposed buffalo heifers supplemented with yeast. Trop Anim Health Prod. 2012;44(7):1383-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-012-0075-7
  14. Kumar M, Kaur H, Tyagi A, Mani V, Deka RS, Chandra G, et al. Assessment of chromium content of feedstuffs, their estimated requirement, and effects of dietary chromium supplementation on nutrient utilization, growth performance, and mineral balance in summer-exposed buffalo calves (Bubalus bubalis). Biol Trace Elem Res. 2013;155(1):29-37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-013-9728-2
  15. Aggarwal A, Singh M. Changes in skin and rectal temperature in lactating buffaloes provided with showers and wallowing during hot-dry season. Trop Anim Health Prod. 2008;40(3):223-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-007-9084-3
  16. Aggarwal A, Singh M. Hormonal changes in heat-stressed Murrah buffaloes under two different cooling systems. Buffalo Bull. 2010;29(1):1-6.
  17. Rahangdale PB, Ambulkar DR, Somnathe RD. Influence of summer managemental practices on physiological responses and temperament in murrah buffaloes. Buffalo Bull. 2011;30(2):139-47.
  18. Vijayakumar P, Dutt T, Singh M, Pandey HN. Effect of heat ameliorative measures on the biochemical and hormonal responses of buffalo heifers. J Appl Anim Res. 2011;39(3):181-4. https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2011.607700
  19. Mader TL, Davis MS, Brown-Brandl T. Environmental factors influencing heat stress in feedlot cattle. J Anim Sci. 2006;84:712-9. https://doi.org/10.2527/2006.843712x
  20. NRC. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. Seventh Revisedth ed. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2001.
  21. Pereira AMF, Baccari FJ, Titto EAL, Almeida JAA. Effect of thermal stress on physiological parameters, feed intake and plasma thyroid hormones concentration in Alentejana, Mertolenga. Frisian and Limousine Int J Biometeorol. 2008;52:199-208. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-007-0111-x
  22. AOAC. Official methods of analysis. 16th ed. Arlington, Virginia, USA: Association of Official Analytical Chemists; 1995.
  23. Van Soest PJ, Robertson JB, Lewis BA. Methods of dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and non starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J Dairy Sci. 1991;74:3583-7. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2
  24. Talapatra SK, Ray SC, Sen KC. The analysis of mineral constituents in biological materials. Indian J Vet Sci Anim Husb. 1940;10:143-258.
  25. Fenton TW, Fenton M. An improved procedure for the determination of chromic oxide in feed and feces. Can J Anim Sci. 1979;59(3):631-4. https://doi.org/10.4141/cjas79-081
  26. Benzamin MM. Outline of veterinary clinical pathology. 3rd ed. New Delhi: Kalyani Publisher; 1985.
  27. Madesh M, Balasubramanian KA. Microtiter plate assay for superoxide dismutase using MTT reductlion by superoxide. Indian J Biochem Bio. 1998;35(3):184-8.
  28. Brambilla G, Fiori M, Archetti LI. Evaluation of the oxidative stress in growing pigs by microplate assays. J Vet Med Sci. 2001;48(1):33-8. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0442.2001.00333.x
  29. Lacetera N, Bernabucci U, Ronchi B, Nardone A. Body condition score, metabolic status and milk production of early lactating dairy cows exposed to warm environment. Riv Agr Subtrop Trop. 1996;90:43-55.
  30. Purwanto BP, Abo Y, Sakamoto R, Furumoto F, Yamamoto S. Diurnal patterns of heat production and heart rate under thermoneutral conditions in Holstein Friesian cows differing in milk production. J Agricult Sci (Camb). 1990;114:139-42. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600072117
  31. Singh G, Kamboj ML, Patil NV. Effect of thermal protective measures during hot humid season on productive and reproductive performance of Nili-Ravi buffaloes. Indian Buffalo J. 2005;3:101-04.
  32. Chaiyabutr N, Boonsanit D, Chanpongsang S. Effects of cooling and exogenous bovine somatotropin on hematological and biochemical parameters at different stages of lactation of crossbred holstein friesian cow in the tropics. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci. 2011;24(2):230-8. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2011.10240
  33. Upadhyay RC, Singh SV, Kumar A, Gupta SK, Ashutosh A. Impact of climate change on milk production of Murrah buffaloes. Ital J Anim Sci. 2010;6(2):1329-32.
  34. Bouraoui R, Lahmar M, Majdoub A, Djemali M, Belyea R. The relationship of temperature-humidity index with milk production of dairy cows in a Mediterranean climate. Anim Res. 2002;51:479-91. https://doi.org/10.1051/animres:2002036
  35. Nessim MG. Heat-induced biological changes as heat tolerance indices related to growth performance in buffaloes'. In: Ph. D. Thesis. Cairo, Egypt: Ain Shams University; 2004.
  36. Habeeb AAM, Fatma FIT, Osman SF. Detection of heat adaptability using heat shock proteins and some hormones in Egyptian buffalo calves. Egyptian J Appl Sci. 2007;22(2A):28-53.
  37. Chaiyabutr N. Buffalo physiological responses to high environmental temperature and consequences for DAP. In: Proceedings of Workshop held in conjunction with 6th Asian-Australasian Association of Animal Production Society Congress. Bangkok, Thiland: ACIAR Proceedings No. 46; 1993.
  38. Gudev D, Popova-Ralcheva S, Moneva P, Aleksiev Y, Peeva TZ, Penchev P, et al. Physiological indices in buffaloes exposed to sun. Arch Zootech. 2007;10:127-33.
  39. Khongdee T, Sripoon S, Vajrabukka C. The effects of high temperature and wallow on physiological responses of swamp buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) during winter season in Thailand. J Therm Biol. 2011;36(7):417-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2011.07.006
  40. Al-Haidary AA. Physiological responses of Naimey Sheep to heat stress challenge under semi-arid environments. Int J Agriculture Biol. 2004;2:307-9.
  41. Parmar MS, Madan AK, Rastogi SK, Huozha R. Comparative Study of Seasonal Variations on Hematological Profile in Sahiwal Cows (Bos Indicus) and Murrah Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). J Anim Res. 2013;3(2):167-71.
  42. Aengwanich W, Kongbuntad W, Boonsorn T. Effects of shade on physiological changes, oxidative stress, and total antioxidant power in Thai Brahman cattle. Int J Biometeorol. 2011;55(5):741-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-010-0389-y
  43. Silva JA, Araújo RD, Júnior AAD, de Brito L, Santos NDFAD, Viana RB, et al. Hormonal changes in female buffaloes under shading in tropical climate of Eastern Amazon. Rev Bras Zootec. 2014;43(1):44-8. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-35982014000100007
  44. Dhabhar FS. A hassle a day may keep the doctor away: stress and the augmentation of immune function. Integr Comp Biol. 2002;42:556-64. https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/42.3.556
  45. Bishop CR, Athens JW, Boggs DR, Warner HR, Cartwrig GE, Wintrobe MM. Leukokinetic Studies: XIII. A non-steady-state kinetic evaluation of mechanism of cortisone induced granulocytosis. J Clin Invest. 1968;47:249-60. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI105721
  46. Gangwar PC, Bahga CS, Srivastava RK, Dhingra DP. Effect of spray cooling and wallowing on potassium concentration of erythrocytes in buffaloes (Bos bubalis) during summer. J Agricult Sci. 1982;99(2):373-76. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600030161
  47. Kumar A, Singh G, Kumar BV, Meur SK. Modulation of antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation in erythrocyte by dietary supplementation during heat stress in buffaloes. Livest Sci. 2011;138(1):299-303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2010.12.021
  48. Yadav B, Singh G, Wankar A. Adaptive capability as indicated by redox status and endocrine responses in crossbred cattle exposed to different thermal stresses. J Anim Res. 2015;5(1):67-73. https://doi.org/10.5958/2277-940X.2015.00011.X
  49. Yadav B, Korde JP. Effect of hyperthermia on antioxidative status of a primary hepatocyte culture. J Adv Vet Res. 2011;1(2):69-73.
  50. Rahal A, Kumar A, Singh V, Yadav B, Tiwari R, Chakraborty S, et al. Oxidative Stress, Prooxidants, and Antioxidants: The Interplay. Biomed Res Int. 2014. doi:10.1155/2014/761264.
  51. Roy KS, Prakash B. Seasonal variation and circadian rhythmicity of the prolactin profile during the summer months in repeat-breeding Murrah buffalo heifers. Reprod Ferti Dev. 2007;19(4):569-75. https://doi.org/10.1071/RD06093
  52. Wankar AK, Singh G, Yadav B. Thermoregulatory and adaptive responses of adult buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) during hyperthermia: Physiological, behavioral, and metabolic approach. Vet World. 2014;7(10):825-30. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2014.825-830

Cited by

  1. Diurnal rhythm in the counts and types of milk somatic cells, neutrophil phagocytosis and plasma cortisol levels in Karan Fries cows during different seasons and parity vol.49, pp.2, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1080/09291016.2017.1350442
  2. Evaluation of adaptability to different seasons in goat breeds of semi-arid region in India through differential expression pattern of heat shock protein genes vol.49, pp.3, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1080/09291016.2017.1377984
  3. On the Effect of the Temperature-Humidity Index on Buffalo Bulk Milk Composition and Coagulation Traits vol.7, pp.None, 2020, https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.577758
  4. Dynamics of heat-shock proteins, metabolic and endocrine responses during increasing temperature humidity index (THI) in lactating Hariana (Zebu) cattle vol.51, pp.6, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1080/09291016.2019.1566986
  5. Effects of Sprinkler Flow Rate on Physiological, Behavioral and Production Responses of Nili Ravi Buffaloes during Subtropical Summer vol.11, pp.2, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11020339
  6. Impacts of Heat Stress-Induced Oxidative Stress on the Milk Protein Biosynthesis of Dairy Cows vol.11, pp.3, 2016, https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11030726
  7. Thermoregulatory and Feeding Behavior under Different Management and Heat Stress Conditions in Heifer Water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in the Tropics vol.11, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11041162
  8. Seasonal Influence on Rumen Microbiota, Rumen Fermentation, and Enteric Methane Emissions of Holstein and Jersey Steers under the Same Total Mixed Ration vol.11, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11041184
  9. Acclimatization dynamics to extreme heat stress in crossbred cattle vol.52, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1080/09291016.2019.1610627
  10. Microclimate modification in Murrah buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) heifers during summer: Effect on intake, growth and hematobiochemistry vol.104, pp.None, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103163