• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.411-417
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• 2005

마우스 대식세포주인 RAW264.7 세포에서 곽향(Agastache rugosa)을 포함한 21종의 한약재에서 제조한 열수추출물의 NO생산에 대한 조절효과를 조사하였다. 모든 한약재 추출물은 LPS자극으로 생산된 NO에 대하여 뚜렷한 소거활성을 보이지 않았으나, LPS 무처리 조건에서 곽향이 RAW264.7 세포의 NO생산을 강력하게 유도하였다. $200{\mu}M$의 NOS2의 저해제인 $N^G-monomethyl-L-arginine(N^GMMA$)의 처리에 의하여 곽향이 유도하는 NO 생산은 유의적으로 감소되었다. 또한 $NF-{\kappa}B$ 저해제인 pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate(PDTC)의 처리로 NO 생산이 $100{\mu}M$에서 약 79%까지 감소하였다. 이상의 실험 결과는 곽향 열수추출물이 RAW264.7 세포의 NOS2 발현의 이차적인 세포 내 신호를 발생시킬 수 있으며, NO는 L-arginine 의존적 경로에 의하여 생성된다는 사실을 시사하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.398-405
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• 2002

Bifidobacteria have been previously shown to stimulate the immune functions and cytokine production in macrophages and T-lymphocytes. Accordingly, the RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cell line was used to assess the effects of Bifidobacterium on the proliferation and cytoskeleton reorganization of the cells. Cytokine production after exposure to Bifidobacterium was also monitored in both whole cells and cell-free extracts. When RAW 264.7 cells were cultured for 24 h in the presence of heat-killed Bifidobacterium bifidum BGN4, the proliferation of macrophages was slowed down in a dose-dependent manner and cell differentiation was observed by staining with the actin-specific fluorescent dye, rhodamin-conjugated phalloidin. Although EL-4 cells, a T-cell line, stimulated RAW 264.7 cells to produce TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6, the stimulatory activity of B. bifidum BGN4 decreased as the EL-4 cell number increased. When disrupted and fractionated BGN4 was used, the whole cell fraction was more effective than the other fractions for the TNF-${\alpha}$ production. In contrast, the cell-free extract exhibited the highest IL-6 production level among the fractions, which was evident even at a $1{\mu}g/ml$ concentration. The current results demonstrate that Bifidobacterium induced differentiation of the macrophages from the fast proliferative stage and that the cytokine production was differentially induced by the whole cells and cell-free extracts. The in vitro approaches employed herein are expected to be useful in further characterization of the effects of bifidobacteria with regards to gastrointestinal and systemic immunity.

• 한국콘텐츠학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘텐츠학회 2007년도 추계 종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.644-646
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• 2007

온라인게임 산업은 많은 성장과 발전을 이루어 왔다. 게임업체들의 고통 중의 하나로 온라인의 특성에 따라 짧아지는 게임제작 파이프라인과, 빠른 제작 스케줄에 적합하며 쉽게 게임 제작 시 응용 적용이 가능한 다양한 3D게임캐릭터 애니메이션의 형태별, 동작별, 종류별로 분류된 애니메이션 모델 기준연구를 필요로 하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 실 사례 중심으로 게임에 이용된 디지털 기반 게임 캐릭터의 요소별 모델 분류 설정을 연구 분석하여 3D게임캐릭터 애니메이션 제작에 필요한 기초자료를 도출 한 후 디지털 모션캡처시스템을 활용하여 실시간으로 다양한 캐릭터 애니메이션의 실사 움직임 제어연구를 진행하여 게임산업 및 디지털 콘텐츠 산업에 효율성이 높고 짧은 시간에 적용 가능한 캐릭터애니메이션 제작 과정 및 제작 파이프라인 도출해보고자 한다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.88-93
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• 2020

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether Sibseonsan (SSS) is an effective antiinflammatory, anti-wrinkling, and whitening agent. Methods: To determine whether SSS had an anti-inflammatory effect, a murine macrophage cell line was used (RAW 264.7) and production of DPPH, NO, TNF-α, and PGE₂ were measured. To ascertain potential anti-wrinkle effects of SSS in these cells, collagenase and elastase production were measured. To verify whether SSS had a whitening effect, tyrosinase activity and DOPA staining were performed using a melanoma cell line (B16/F10). Results: There was no significant reduction in survival of SSS-treated RAW 264.7 cells, up to 400 ㎍/mL. Free radical scavenging (23.96 ± 1.85%) was observed in RAW 264.7 cells treated with SSS at a concentration of 400 ㎍/mL. The SSS treatment group (400 ㎍/mL) significantly inhibited NO production compared with the LPS stimulated treatment group. The SSS treatment of macrophage cells appeared to reduce production of TNF-α in a concentration dependent manner. There was a significant reduction in the concentration of PGE₂ by about 25% in the SSS treatment (400 ㎍/mL) group (p = 0.05). Compared with the control, the production of collagenase and elastase in B16/F10 cells treated with SSS (400 ㎍/mL) was greater by 26.37% and 45.71%, respectively. The SSS treatment (400 ㎍/mL) group showed a significant reduction by about 17% in tyrosinase production in B16/F10 cells. The SSS treatment group showed little change in DOPA staining. Conclusion: SSS extract may be useful for the treatment and prevention of inflammatory diseases and may have anti-wrinkle and whitening effects. These results may support the use of SSS in clinical practice.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.1354-1360
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• 2007

국산 미생물 발효차의 폴리페놀 색소성분들인 데아플라빈(TF)과 데아루비긴(TR) 및 EGCG를 macrophage cell line (RAW264.7에 적용하여 nitric oxide 합성 및 사이토카인 생성을 평가하였다. 사이토카인 생성은 TF, TR 및 EGCG를 RAW264.5 cell에 적용하였을 때, $80\;{\mu}g/ml$ 농도에서 대조군과 LPS 촉진 처리에 비하여 nitric oxide 생성은 약 1.5배 증가하였다. IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$ 및 GM-CSF는 TF, TR 및 EGCG 농도에 의존적으로 증가하였다. $TNF-{\alpha}$ 생성은 크게 증가하였으며, 이는 TF, TR 및 EGCG가 사이토카인 생성을 통하여 면역증강 효과를 가질 것으로 나타났다 TF, TR 및 EGCG는 총 페놀 함량에 비례하여 항산화능을 나타내었으며, 암세포 증식을 유의적으로 억제하였다. 이들 폴리페놀물질의 억제효과는 그 성분들의 항암촉진작용 및 항산화활성에 의한 것으로 판단된다.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.109-120
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• 2009

As the use of 3DCAD data became widespread in designing products in manufacturing, attempts have been made to shorten lead time and reduce cost of production preparation utilizing 3DCAD data for launching assembly lines. In order to create assembly plans not only efficient but easy for operators to operate ('easy-to-operate'), this study presents approaches, methods, and systems for creating 3DCGAs (3 Dimensional Computer Graphic Animations) which automatically utilize a prototype-free production preparation methodology. Characteristics of this study include that it proposes the methodology for creating assembly operation 3DCGAs automatically, for all the possible assembly operations corresponding each of the possible assembly sequences first. Using the created 3DCGAs, the study next considers assembly methods by evaluating how easy or 'operator friendly' they are in implementing, and devises tools or jigs to be used, and plans efficient assembly line organization. The concept of the methodology was formed by focusing on the value-adding assembly steps at which parts turn into products directly. The study also validates the effectiveness of the presented methodology by employing the methods used in actual production preparation process in businesses, and proves that an efficient assembly line can be organized in a shorter period of time utilizing the developed system and by preparing easy-to-operate and efficient plans in 3DCGAs at the design stage.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.119-126
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• 2021

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effects of dietary supplement of rubber seed oil on production performance, egg quality, and yolk fatty acid composition in laying hens during a 16-week feeding trial period. Methods: Forty-eight 25-week-old laying hens of Hy-Line Brown were randomly divided into three groups. Each group comprised four replicates and each replicate had four birds. Rubber seed oil was incorporated into a corn-soybean meal basal diet by 3.5% (group I), 4.5% (group II), or 0 (control group) and equivalent nutrition was supplied for the test groups and the control group. The performance related values were determined using standard or well established methods. Results: No significant difference was found in the production performance, the egg quality, the composition of saturated fatty acids, and the content of cholesterol and monounsaturated fatty acids in the yolk within the three groups. Interestingly, both test groups achieved a significantly higher content of linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid and a significantly lower content of arachidonic acid (p<0.05) compared with the control group. With the increased level of dietary rubber seed oil, there was an increasing trend in the content of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), n-3 PUFA and total PUFA, but a declining trend in the n-6/n-3 ratio. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that the rubber seed oil supplemented diet effectively improved the total PUFA content in eggs without impairing the layers' production performance and the egg quality.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권7호
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• pp.1067-1074
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• 2023

Objective: Better feed efficiency can be achieved by selecting rabbit genotypes with lower residual feed intake (RFI) under high ambient temperatures. Methods: Two genotypes of rabbits (Jabali, Saudi local breed and imported, Spanish V-line) were used to derive RFI and to investigate the relationship between RFI and productive traits. In total, 250 animals (125 each) were housed in individual wire mesh cages in a semi-closed rabbitry. Growth performance, feed criteria, carcass evaluation, biochemical blood analysis, and immune responses were determined. Results: Superiority in growth performance, feed efficiency, carcass characteristics, and cellular immunity was recorded in the Jabali breed compared to the V-line genotype. According to regression analysis, a significant effect of daily body weight gain was found, upon computing the expected feed intake in both genotypes. Moreover, mid-body weight^0.75 had a significant effect only in the Jabali breed. Positive correlation coefficients between RFI and dry matter feed intake or feed conversion ratio were found. The same trend in this relationship between RFI and productive traits was observed in some cases for both genotypes. An opposite trend in correlations was observed in the studied genotypes for some traits. Conclusion: The results suggest that the relationship between RFI and productive traits must be taken into consideration in rabbit breeding programs under the prevailing environment. However, further studies are required to investigate the effect of rabbit genotype and environmental factors on computing RFI.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제70권5호
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• pp.405-415
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• 2011

Background: In an effort to find alternative therapeutic agents to prevent excessive fibrosis as a sequela to complicated parapneumonic effusion or empyema, we examined the effect of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) as a fibrinolytic agent combined with talc or transforming growth factor (TGF)-${\beta}1$ in a human pleural mesothelial cell line, MeT-5A. Methods: MeT-5A cells were stimulated with various doses of talc, doxycycline or TGF-${\beta}1$ for 24 h and then were treated with tPA for an additional 24 h. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. The production of interleukin (IL)-8 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the culture supernatants was measured by ELISA. Real-time PCR was carried out for measurement of type I collagen mRNA. Results: MeT-5A cells treated with talc showed a dose-dependent increase in production of IL-8. Talc also increased production of type I collagen mRNA at low doses, but talc did not influence the induction of VEGF. Addition of tPA to talc-stimulated cells showed further increases in the production of IL-8, but tPA did not influence the production of VEGF or type I collagen mRNA. TGF-${\beta}1$ increased the production of both VEGF and collagen type I mRNA, both of which were effectively inhibited by additional tPA treatment in MeT-5A cells. Conclusion: TGF-${\beta}1$ is a potent inducer of collagen synthesis without induction of IL-8 in MeT-5A cells. Addition of tPA after TGF-${\beta}1$ stimulation inhibited further fibrosis by direct inhibition of collagen mRNA synthesis as well as by inhibition of VEGF production.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.481-491
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• 2014

In this paper, we discussed a problem for improving the throughput of a crankshaft manufacturing line in an automotive factory in which the budget for purchasing new machines and installing additional buffers is limited. We also considered the constraint of available space for both of machine and buffer. Although this problem seems like a kind of buffer allocation problem, it is different from buffer allocation problem because additional machines are also considered. Thus, it is not easy to calculate the throughput by mathematical model, and therefore simulation model was developed using $ARENA^{(R)}$ for estimating throughput. To determine the investment plan, a modified Arrow Assignment Rule under some constraints was suggested and it was applied to the real case.