• Title/Summary/Keyword: Production Control

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Production of Ginsenoside in the Hairy Roots Irradiated by 60Co γ on Panax ginseng C.A Meyer (60Co γ 를 조사한 인삼모상근 돌연변이 세포주의 생장과 Ginsenoside의 생산)

  • Choi, Kyu-Myoung;Kwon, Jung-Hee;Ban, Sung-Hee;Yang, Deok-Cho
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • v.26 no.4
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    • pp.219-225
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    • 2002
  • Study was performed to know the effects of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer hairy root due to $^{60}$ Co ${\gamma}$-ray irradiation. We irradiated the hairy roots under the various $^{60}$ Co ${\gamma}$-ray; 0.5~4 Krad. The growth of hairy roots is inhibited over 3 Krad treatment. The lateral roots are used as a cell line after removing the apical meristem of hairy roots irradiated below 2 Krad. We selected 206 hairy root cell lines having various different growth rates and forms, and incubated in the 1/2 Murashige & Skoog(MS) medium in the absence of hormone. We selected 10 out of 206 showing superior growth. Among those, ${\gamma}$-GHR 70 and ${\gamma}$-GHR 94 showed higher growth; 34.5, 44.7%, respectively. We observed shapable, sizable characteristics according to the width of the primary roots, the process formation of the lateral roots, and the growth of lateral roots. The discriminable cell line showed that primary root is thinner, and has a vigorous growth. 8 out of 10 had much more contents than control in the aspect of the ginsenoside. ${\gamma}$-GHR 59 and ${\gamma}$-GHR 94 showed higher contents; 19, 16.9%, respectively. Therefore, we selected ${\gamma}$-GHR 70, ${\gamma}$-GHR 94 as a superior cell line in the aspect of ginsenoside contents, and growth among those irradiated by ${\gamma}$-ray. According to content of ginsenoside, Rb$_2$ effective in anticancer has 7.5% of ${\gamma}$-GHR 59. Rc, also effective in anticancer showed 16.2% content increasement of ${\gamma}$-GHR 69. It is thought that those lines will be effective in manufacturing ginsenoside. Gene analysis (VNTRP) related to the mutation is in progress.

Anti-inflammatory Metabolites of Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. and Their Mechanism

  • Park, Mi Jin;Ryu, Da Hye;Cho, Jwa Yeoung;Kang, Young-Hwa
    • Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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    • 2018.04a
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    • pp.13-13
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    • 2018
  • The anti-inflammatory (INF) compounds (1-15) were isolated from Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. (APL) by activity-guided isolation technique. The isolated compounds (1-15) were identified as quercetin-7-O-rhanmoside (1), apigenin-7-O-glycoside (2), kaempferol-7-O-glycoside (3), apigenin-7-O-[6"-(butyl)-glycoside] (4), querceitn (5), kaempferol (6), apigenin (7), apigenin-7-O-[6"-(pentyl)-glycoside] (8), agrimonolide (9), agrimonolide-6-O-glucoside (10), desmethylagrimonolide (11), desmethylagrimonolide-6-O-glucoside (12), luteolin (13), vitexin (14) and isovitexin (15). Flavonoids, compound 2, 3, 11, and 14-15 have been found in APL for the first time. Furthermore, two novel flavone derivatives, compound 4 and 8, have been isolated inceptively in plant. In the no cytotoxicity concentration ranges of $0-20{\mu}M$, nitric oxide (NO) production level of 1-15 was estimated in LPS-treated Raw 264.7 macrophage cells. The flavone aglycones, 7 (apigenin, $IC_{50}=3.69{\pm}0.34{\mu}M$), 13 (luteolin, $IC_{50}=4.62{\pm}0.43{\mu}M$), 6 (kaempferol, $IC_{50}=14.43{\pm}0.23{\mu}M$) and 5 (quercetin, $IC_{50}=19.50{\pm}1.71{\mu}M$), exhibited excellent NO inhibitory (NOI) activity in dose-dependent manner. In the structure activity relationship (SAR) study of apigenin-derivatives (APD), apigenin; Api, apigenin-7-O-glucoside; Api-G, apignenin-7-O-[6"-(butyl)-glycoside]; Api-BG and apignenin-7-O-[6"-(pentyl)-glycoside]; Api-P, from APL on INF activity was investigated. The INF mediators level such as NO, INF-cytokines, NF-KB proteins, iNOS and COX-2 were sharply increased in Raw 264.7 cells by LPS. When pretreatment with APD in INF induced macrophages, NOI activity of Api was most effective than other APD with $IC_{50}$ values of $3.69{\pm}0.77{\mu}M$. And the NOI activity was declined in the following order: Api-BG ($IC_{50}=8.91{\pm}1.18{\mu}M$), Api-PG ($IC_{50}=13.52{\pm}0.85{\mu}M$) and API-G ($IC_{50}=17.30{\pm}0.66{\mu}M$). The NOI activity of two novel compounds, Api-PG and Api-BG were lower than their aglycone; Api, but more effective than Api-G (NOI: Api-PG and Api-BG). And their suppression ability on INF cytokines such as $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$ and IL-6 mRNA showed the similar tendency. Therefore, the anti-INF mechanism study of Api-PG and Api-BG on nuclear factor-kappa B ($NF-{\kappa}B$) pathway, representative INF mechanism, was investigated and Api was used as positive control. Api-BF was more effectively prevent the than phosphorylation of $pI{\kappa}B$ kinase (p-IKK) and p65 than Api-PG in Raw 264.7 cells. In contrast, Api-PG and Api-BG were not reduced the phosphorylation of inhibitor of kappa B alpha ($I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$). Moreover, pretreatment with Api-PG and Api-BG, dose-dependently inhibited LPS-induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNAs and proteins in macrophage cells, and their expression were correlated with their NOI activity. Therefore, APL can be utilized to health promote agent associated with their AIN metabolites.

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Registration and Description of Public Records in Korea : A Comparative Analysis of Korean Recordskeeping System with the International Standards (한국의 기록물 둥록 및 기술에 대한 기록관리적 접근)

  • Si, Kwi-Sun
    • Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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    • v.3 no.1
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    • pp.69-92
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    • 2003
  • Registration and description of records are important elements of processing which provide with the background information of production of records and business-related information. They also enable to search and use the records. In this paper, I examined the Korean registration and description system defined in the Public Records Management Act which directs the records creating agency to register records in creating offices and directs the "professional archives" to make "basic registrations" and "detailed registrations" of the records. In the analysis and comparison of two different registration and description systems with the known international standards of records and archives management, such as ISO15489 and ISAD(G), I intended to evaluate the Korean records and archives management system and suggested recommendations for the renovation of the Korean recordskeeping system. Despite we have unique office business procedures and the culture of officialdom, and despite we have developed our system based on the established business procedures and office culture, it would be preferable to adopt or follow the international standards and established best practices. After the comparative analysis, I recommended some innovations in the filed of registration and description. For instance, in the basic registration. we would better to install an item of "simple contents summary." We may also need the multiple-level description. The fonds level description and the series level description should be introduced to our archival automated management system. We need to establish a Korean standard of description adopting the rules of the ISAD(G) and ISAAR(CPF). Essential requirements for electronic records management, such as contextual and structural information, should be incorporated in the new standard. Documentation of records disposition also should be reinforced to guarantee the authenticity of records and to ensure control of the records. To implement the recommendations for the standard, we need to amend the Public Records Management Act and its Regulations and Rules. Also it is imperative to redesign the GARS integrated archival automated management system.

Production and Inhibition of Cellulolytic and Pectolytic Enzymes by Cylindrocarpon destructans(Zins.) Scholten Causing Root Rot of Ginseng (인삼뿌리썩음병균, Cylindrocarpon destructans에 의한 섬유소분해효소 및 펙틴질분해효소의 분필 및 억제)

  • Lee Jin Woo;Chung Hoo Sup
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.13 no.1 s.18
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    • pp.1-10
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    • 1974
  • The activities of pectolytic and cellulolytic enzymes produced from slices of ginseng root infected with Cylindrocarpon destructains(Zins.) Scholtern were proportional to each concentration and reaction time. Activities of cellulase(Cx), endo-polygalacturonase(endo-PG), endo-polymethylg-alacturonase(endo-PMG), exo-polygalacturonase(exe-PG), and exe-polymethylgalacturonase(exo-PMG) were maximum on the 4th day after inoculation. No endo-PG and endo-PMG were detected at the first and second days, while exo-PG exo-PMG were active. On the 6th day, all pectic enzymes were completely lost, whereas Cx remained at a high concentration. pH optima of Cx, endo-PG, endo-PMG, exo-PG, and exo-PMG were 6.0, 5.5, 8.0, 7.0 to 7.5, and 8.5, respectively. Temperature optima of Cx, endo-PG, endo-PMG exo-PG, and exo-PMG were $66^{\circ}C\;53^{\circ}C\;41^{\circ}C\;37^{\circ}C\;and\;40^{\circ}C$, respectively. Cx was only inhibited by $0.05M\; Hg^{++}$ among 16 ions tested. Inhibitory effects of ions on pectolytic enzymes varied, however$M Fe^{+++}\;and\;0.05M\;Al^{+++}$ were the best in general. Among 8 fungicides, none of them inhibited all the enzymes studied at $0.1\%$, active ingredients. Exo-PG were highly inhibited by all of the fungicides, of which difolatan was the most inhibitory to all the pectic enzymes. $Ca^{++}\; at\; 0.02M\; and\;Fe^{+++}\;at\;0.02M$ completely inhibited all the pectolytic enzymes, and Cx was inhibited $30\%$ and $70\%$ at the same concentration, respectively Formalin almost inhibited exo-PG and exe-PMG at $0.8\%$ but not the other enzymes especially Cx. Difolatan at $0.8\%$ inhibited all the enzymes concerned above $80\%$. The cellulolytic and pectolytic enzymes of C. destructans must be closely associated with the ginseng root rot and should be inhibited to control the disease effectively.

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Seroepidemiology of helminthic diseases in Yanbian of the People's Republic of China (중국 연변지역 주요 기생충질환에 대한 혈청역학적 조사)

  • Joo, Kyoung-Hwan;Quan, Fu Shi;Kwon, Hye-Soo;Cho, Sung-Weon;Li, Shun Yu
    • Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.275-285
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    • 1998
  • Antibody responses(IgG) to Paragonimus westermani. Clonorchis sinensis, Cysticercus cellulosae, Sparganum Anisakis simplex, Toxocara canis and Trichinella spiralis were studied. The ELISA technique was performed to determine the prevalence of above helminthic diseases. 975 cases obtained from Yanbian of China during October, 1995 to July, 1997 were examined with a positive antibody titer of 5.74% in clonorchiasis, 4.92% in paragonimiasis, 1.54% in cysticercosis. 8.51% in sparganosis, 1.85% in anisakiosis, 12.51% in toxocariasis, and 7.08% in trichinosis respectively. And 23.87% in showed positive antibody titer at least one of the seven helminths. The differences of the age and sex in the positive sera were analysed by the Chi-squared test and the level of significance accepted was p<0.05. The significant differences in positive antibody production were P.W.(p<0.01). C.S.(p<0.01), A.S.(p<0.05). T.C.(p<0.001), and T.S.(p<0.01) respectively in age groups. sparganosis(p<0.05) in sex groups. Other parasites showed that there were no significant differences among age groups and sex groups(males and females). Higher positive antibody rate of C.S. and P.W. occured in the 50-59 years old and those of T.C. and T.S. happened in the 20-29 years old. Patients of internal disease showed more positive antibody titer, that is to say, there was significant difference between positive rate of internal diseases and that of control (p<0.01. p<0.05) in 6 helminths except cysticercosis. The result showed that some cross reactions existed among nematodes, and the developed techniques(EITB) should be done for a correct diagnosis. Also the prevalence of some important helminths may be evaluated from the result and it would be a basic data for controlling parasitic diseases in Yanbian.

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Effects of Controlling the Pine Needie Gall Midaes by Salicylic Acid Content in Needles of Some Pinus spp. (소나무류(類) 침엽내(針葉內)의 salicylic acid에 의한 솔잎혹파리의 방제효과(防除效果))

  • Son, Doo-Sik;Eom, Tae-Jin;Choi, Chang-Ok;Zhang, Ruo Ming
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.88 no.1
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    • pp.31-37
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    • 1999
  • The frequency of gall formation by pine needle gall midges ranged from 35% to 40% in both P. densiflora and P. thunbergii species. However, there was no indication of gall development from larva on both P. virgiana and P. rigida species suggesting that some specific compounds might play role in preventing gall formation of larva. The susceptible species to pine needle gall midges including P. densiflora and P. thunbergii contained a little salicylic acid under the free phenolic compound conditions while the resistant species against such insects including P. virginiana and P. rigida species contained about 37ppm to 50ppm of salicylic acid. Thus, this compound might have important roles in insect resistance. The contents of internal salicylic acid in the needles of susceptible pines increased from 9.5ppm to 20.6ppm after direct external irrigation of salicylic acid solution and flour treatment on roots. As a result, the frequency of gall formation decreased dramatically 17~19 times lower when compared with that of control. According to our results, the application of salicylic acid for effective prevention against insect damages should be performed before hatching eggs. The frequency of gall formation in the hybrid pines of P. thunbergii(susceptible) and P. virginiana(resistant) showed approximately 24% as average value of those in both species. In the case of specific individuals, it ranged from 2.8% to 11.5% in hybrids of both species. Therefore, effective production of insect resistant pines can be obtained through hybrids by crossing between susceptible and resistant species including P. thunbergii and P. virginiana by increasing internal salicylic acid contents of the needles.

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Effects of Seed Storage Methods and Shading on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Endangered Species, Iris dichotoma and Iris setosa (종자저장방법 및 차광처리가 희귀식물 대청부채와 부채붓꽃의 발아와 유묘생육에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Su Gwang;Kim, Hyo Yun;Lee, Ki Cheol;Ku, Ja Jung
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.104 no.1
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    • pp.60-66
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    • 2015
  • This study was conducted to determine the effects of seed storage method ($-20^{\circ}C$, $2^{\circ}C$ dry, $2^{\circ}C$ wet 30 days, $2^{\circ}C$ wet 60 days, stratification and room temperature) and shading treatment(control, 50%, 80%) on seed germination, seedling growth of endangered species, Iris dichotoma and Iris setosa. As a result, seed germination rate of I. dichotoma was the highest at 75% when seed were stored at $2^{\circ}C$ wet 60 days and then sown under non-shading condition. The seed of I. dichotoma belong to intermediate seed. Seed germination rate of I. setosa was the highest at 95% when seed were stored at $2^{\circ}C$ wet 60 days and then sown under 80% shading condition. The seed of I. setosa belong to recalcitrant seed. Seedlings of I. dichotoma and I. setosa showed not only the best seedling quality but also seedling vigor index in seed stored at $2^{\circ}C$ wet 60 days under non-shading condition, with the growth characteristics of plant height (6.4, 7.2 cm), number of leaves (3, 4), leaf width (4.6, 3.2 mm), leaf length (5.7, 6.8 cm), fresh weight (aerial/root part; 144/260, 97/153 mg), dry weight (aerial/root; 31/20, 17/17 mg) and seedling vigor index and modified seedling vigor index (13,895/9,479, 13,256/8,668). In this research, I. dichotoma and I. setosa seed were stored at $2^{\circ}C$ wet 60 days, and then sown in non-shading condition, seed germination rate was more than 75%, 90%, respectively, and production of superior quality seedlings.

Characterization of a new commercial strain 'Goni' by intra-specific hyphal anastomosis in Pleurotus ostreatus (계통간 교잡에 의한 백색느타리 품종 '고니'의 육성 및 그 특성)

  • Yoo, Young Bok;Lee, Sang Cheol;Kim, Eun Jung;Kong, Won Sik;Jang, Kab Yeul;Shin, Pyung Gyun
    • Journal of Mushroom
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    • v.7 no.3
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    • pp.130-134
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    • 2009
  • To develop new white variety of Oyster mushroom, all white varieties which have been collected and kept in the lab were revived and screened their cultural characteristics. 84 intra-specific Oyster mushroom hybrids between the white-colored mutants Suhan and Wonhyeong were developed using hyphal anastomosis technique in 2007. The Po2007-63 ($2842-7{\times}0205-7$) was shown the best cultural characteristics, selected to be a new variety and named as 'Goni'. The new commercial strain, 'Goni' has white pilei and grows well under spring and autumn conditions in Korea. The fruiting bodies of 'Goni' are of an excellent quality in that not only the stipe is thick and long but also the pileus is small and hard. The optimum temperatures for mycelial growth and fruiting body development were $25-30^{\circ}C$ and $10-16^{\circ}C$, respectively. Time period required for the initiation of the first fruiting body is about 3 to 5 days depending on the temperatures. The shape of fruiting body is thin funnel shape. Fruiting body production per bottle was about $91{\pm}13$ g which is almost 97% quantity compared to that of other variety 'Miso'. Relatively low temperature incubation ($11^{\circ}C$) resulted in the development of better quality of 'Goni' mushrooms. When two different media including potato dextrose medium and mushroom complete medium were compared, the growth of mushroom were much faster in mushroom complete medium at $20-25^{\circ}C$, but not at $25^{\circ}C$. Similar results were observed with other variety 'Miso'. Analysis of the genetic characteristics of the new commercial strain 'Goni' showed a major DNA profile as that of the parental Suhan when primer URP 1 was used, but different to 'Miso' that was used as a control. When screens were performed with primer URP 2, DNA patterns were similar both to that of the parents and 'Miso'. This new variety of the white Oyster mushroom has a clean and fresh image that corresponds well to "health food". We therefore expect that this new strain will satisfy the consumers demand for variety and excellent mushrooms.

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Characteristics and breeding of a new multi-generation oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) variety 'Dagul' (다발성 신품종 느타리 '다굴'의 육성 및 자실체 특성)

  • Shin, Pyung-Gyun;Kim, Hee-Jung;Choi, Chan-Sik;Yoo, Young-Bok;Kong, Won-Sik;Jang, Kab-Yeul;Oh, Youn-Lee;Cheong, Jong-Chun;Suh, Jang-Sun;Oh, Se Jong;Lee, Keum-Hee
    • Journal of Mushroom
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    • v.11 no.3
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    • pp.154-158
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    • 2013
  • To develop a new variety of oyster mushroom(Pleurotus ostreatus), parental strains was selected by the method of Mon-Mon crossing between monokaryotic strains derived from ASI 2596(Suhan No.3) and ASI 2782(Black pileus mutant). The SB-73(ASI 2596-11 x 2782-8) was shown the best cultural characteristics, selected to be a new variety and named as 'Dagul'. The 'Dagul' was formed incompatibility line distinctly in the confrontation growth of parental strains Suhan No.3 and ASI 2782. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth, fruiting body development and pH arrange were $25{\sim}30^{\circ}C$, $14{\sim}17^{\circ}C$ and pH5~8, respectively. Fruiting body production per bottle was about $68.0{\pm}24.1$ g which is almost 115% quantity compared to that of other variety Suhan No.3. And also the stipe is long and individual generation is multiple. Analysis of the genetic characteristics of the new variety 'Dagul' showed different DNA bands as that of the control strains, Suhan No.3 and ASI 2782, when RAPD(Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) primers URP7 and Rcb1 were used. This new variety 'Dagul' of oyster mushroom is characterized by multiple of individual generation and the stipe is long. We therefore expect that this new strain will increase of the income by cultivation of field.

Study on the Antioxidant and Human Neutrophil Elastase Inhibitory Activities of Mushroom Ramaria formosa Extracts (붉은싸리버섯 추출물의 항산화 및 Human Neutrophil Elastase 저해활성)

  • Kim, Kwan-Chul;Kwon, Yong-Beom;Jang, Hae-Dong;Kim, Jae Wha;Jeong, Jae Cheol;Lee, Ik-Soo;Ha, Byung-Jo;Yoo, Ick-Dong
    • Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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    • v.42 no.3
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    • pp.269-278
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    • 2016
  • In searching for novel agents for skin anti-aging from natural resources, we found that the extract of the fruiting bodies of Ramaria formosa (R. formosa) had significant antioxidant and human neutrophil elastase (HNE) inhibitory activities. R. formosa extract exhibited a considerable DPPH radical scavenging activity with an antioxidant content of 117.0mg/mL (ascorbic acid equivalents) at the concentration of $500{\mu}g/mL$. The capacity of R. formosa extract to scavenge peroxy radicals measured by ORAC assay also showed dose-dependent antioxidant effect with $ORAC_{Roo}$ (trolox equivalents, $1{\mu}M$) values of 0.8, 5.2, and 7.8 at the concentrations of 1, 10, and $20{\mu}g/mL$. The cellular antioxidant capacity of R. formosa extract was investigated by assaying the cellular fluorescence intensity using dichlorodihydrofluorescein (DCF). The cellular oxidative stress induced by AAPH, $Cu^{2+}$ or $H_2O_2$ in HepG2 cells was significantly attenuated by more than 30% at $20{\mu}g/mL$ of R. formosa extract. HNE activity was reduced by treatment with R. formosa extract in a dose-dependent manner, and the $ED_{50}$ value for the ethanol extract of R. formosa was $42.9{\mu}g/mL$. R. formosa extract did not exhibited antimicrobial activity against four microorganisms including Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), Escherichia coli (E. coli), Candida albicans (C. albicans), Aspergillus oryzae (A. oryzae). Furthermore, the extract did not affect the inflammatory cytokine production of interleukin-10 and interferon-${\gamma}$ in NK92 cells. From the above results, we found that R. formosa extract has considerable antioxidant and elastase inhibitory effects, and does not stimulate immune cells. These findings suggest that R. formosa extract may be used as a bioactive component in cosmetic composition.