• Proceedings of the International Microelectronics And Packaging Society Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.67-79
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• 2007

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.329-332
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• 2005

Cross rolling process is one of incremental forming processes to form an axi-symmetric shaped metal component. It can be classified into two types according to the shape of dies, which are a drum type (roll type) and a plate type (straight type). It can also be classified into a wedge type and a ramp type processes according to deformation characteristics of a material. The ramp type die is applied to plate type cross rolling process in cold forming process for forming of teeth of gear or bolt, while the wedge type die is generally utilized to drum type and plate type cross rolling processes in hot forming process. A shape of the ramp type die is usually same as final shape of a product at every section of a progressing direction, while the shape of the wedge type die has different shapes in a progressing direction. In this paper, a rolling of neck part in a ball stud component has been carried out using the plate type cross rolling process with a ramp shaped die. Forming characteristics have been performed using finite element analysis in order to obtain a proper preform for the ramp type plate cross rolling process.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.305-311
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• 2023

Background: The National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER)'s classification of and airborne fraction ratio for consumer chemical products (CCP) does not reflect the characteristics of various product classifications. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to reclassify the types of spray products according to the diverse spray characteristics of CCPs to evaluate the airborne fraction ratio of representative spray types and to compare them with previous CCPs types and airborne fraction ratios. Methods: One thousand seven hundred two products were selected through market research, and 932 newly reported products were selected. After that, 200 were selected to evaluate products with potential inhalation exposure. After classifying six product types that are expected to show differences in the airborne fraction ratio according to the type of product, a final 38 products were selected for use in the airborne fraction ratio through random sampling. Results: CCP has been reclassified from two to six types so that the characteristics of all products are well-reflected. The NIER simply had two airborne fraction ratios, but the results of experiments with six types of products showed a significant difference in values (p<0.01). Airborne fraction ratios of propellant general foam, pump general aerosol, and pump trigger foam in spray type, which were not previously present in NIER, were 7.1%, 24.4%, and 3.5%, respectively. Conclusions: For the diversified types of CCPs, the newly proposed classification was more appropriate than the existing NIER classification. The airborne fraction ratio was also different for each type, so a new value was suggested.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.259-266
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• 2006

In this study, the 2-way condensation system was designed applying air-to-air heat pump to dry a marine product such as squid in the winter. And to be made the drying apparatuses by this system, there are two kinds of type, A type, was set a compressor outside of the drying apparatus, B type, was set a compressor in the drying room. And then the variations of temperature in drying room were measured to compare the heating performance of the drying apparatuses between A type and B type at $-6.5^{\circ}C$, outdoor temperature. The temperature of the drying room for B type was increased to $36^{\circ}C$ but the temperature of the drying room for A type was not increased to $36^{\circ}C$, to be increased to $20^{\circ}C$.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.18-26
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• 2022

In order to facilitate the quantification in autumnal Hamamelidaceae leaves, a HPLC method was used for the determination of two chlorophyll catabolites and their isomers: bilin-type (1) and bilinone-type (2) ones. The separation was done on a RP-C4 column with a gradient solvent system of 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid aqueous-methanol at the flow-rate of 0.2 mL/min and detected at 244 nm. The quantity of bilin-type (1) and bilinone-type (2) chlorophyll catabolite isomers from ten species of Hamamelidaceae autumnal leaves methanol extracts: Corylopsis pauciflora, Corylopsis spicata, Forthergilla major, Hamamelis intermedia, Hamamelis japonicum, Hamamelis japonicum var. flavopurpurscens, Hamamelis virginiana, Parrotiopsis jacquemontiana, Parrotia persica and X Sycoparrotia semidecidua were from 0.85 mg/g ~ 57.50 mg/g for bilin-type isomers (1) and 3.40 mg/g ~ 49.30 mg/g for bilinone-type isomers (2). The results obtained gave insight in quantitative bilintype (1) and bilinone-type (2) chlorophyll catabolite composition of the Hamamelidaceae plant species autumnal leaves.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.386-395
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• 2009

Business entities with which most service components interact are kind of cross-cutting concerns in a multi-layered distributed application architecture. When business entities are modified, service components related to them should also be modified, even though they implement common functions of the application framework. This paper proposes what we call DTT (Data Type-Tolerant) component model to process the variability of business entities, or externalized data, which feature modern application architectures. The DTT component model expresses the data variability of product lines at the implementation level by means of SCDTs (Self-Contained Data Types) and variation point interfaces. The model improves the efficiency of application engineering through data type converters which support type conversion between SCDTs and business entities of particular applications. The value of this model lies in that data and functions are coupled locally in each component again by allowing service components to deal with SCDTs only instead of externalized business eutities.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.708-715
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• 2016

This study researched the sizing system of dress form for apparel manufacturing in the domestic market. It aims to be used as basic data for the development of a dress form that could be used by manufacturers of senior men's clothing. Research focused on the sizes presented on the homepages of 17 dress form manufacturers in the USA, France, Japan, and Korea. Body measurement was made for senior men in their 50's over men (n=134). Six items were measured by the 'Standard body measurement of Size Korea'. The type of dress form in the domestic market can be classified into half-body type (upper body type and lower body type), torso, and whole-body type; in addition, each type is divided into upper arm, arm, crotch, and thigh. Korean dress form manufacturers produced/sold diverse kinds (size 7-9) for women; however, they used large/small sizes or product sizes for men without defining sizes. The chest size (93-105cm) has not been standardized while the rates of waist circumference, hip circumference and shoulder length (in accordance with the chest size) were all different. Global dress form brands manufactured reflecting body dimensions by the state organization USA ASTM. Japan JIS. For this reason, most domestic clothing businesses depend on imported dress forms. Especially, there were no dress forms for senior men. With the growing market for seniors, it would be necessary to produce senior dress forms for clothing production that reflect the body shapes and sizes of seniors.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.505-518
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• 2022

3D printing technology, also known as additive manufacturing(AM), has not been actively used in the clothing industry despite its potential for economic, environmental, and labor efficiency. Therefore, this study aims to propose a new 3D printing method for the clothing industry, which will be more readily accessible. This roll-type printing method can print wide-sized patterns at once using a 3D modeling program and a FDM 3D printer and help overcome the limitations imposed by the size of the printer. Then, to demonstrate the practical application cases of this printing method, bags of three designs were developed. Prior to product development, a thickness test was performed for stable printing using TPU(Thermoplastic Poly Urethane) filament, and a thickness of 0.45 mm was found to be most suitable for it. Next, the time efficiency test showed that the roll-type printing method takes less time compared to the general printing method in printing wide-sized patterns. Based on these tests, three bags, , and , were developed to confirm the suitability of the roll-type printing method for product development. The advantages of 3D roll-type printing can lie in overcoming of the spatial limitation, and the environmental sustainability as it can reduce waste from the production process. This study is significant in that it presents a new 3D printing method to improve the space limitations and time inefficiency of 3D printers.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.330-345
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• 2023

This study aimed to categorize consumers using super app functional characteristics to identify demographic differences, and analyze shopping orientations by consumer type. This data can be used by fashion and beauty companies for product planning and marketing strategies. To categorize super app consumers, data were analyzed with SPSS v.26.0 software using frequency, factor, reliability K-mean cluster, and distributed analyses, one-way-ANOVAs, and Scheffe verification. Cross-analysis was conducted to correlate super app consumer types with demographic characteristics. One-way-ANOVAs and Scheffe verification were used to analyze the differences in shopping preferences between super app consumer groups. As a result of our analyses, super app consumers were classified into four types: the ration type, the low-use type, the multifunction type, and the habit type. There were statistically significant differences between these types in age, occupation, marital status, average monthly household income, and shopping impact factors. Five super app user shopping orientations were identified: brand pursuit, pleasure pursuit, trend pursuit, risk perception, and economic orientation. The differences in the preferred orientation between super app consumer types were found to be statistically significant. The majority of respondents were multifunction type consumers. This group used the super app most frequently and effectively. They also demonstrated the highest scores for all five of the shopping orientations. The classification of consumer types in this study will allow the fashion and beauty industries to utilize super apps for more targeted product design and marketing.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.94-105
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• 2010

Todays, there is fast transition about the new manufacturing IT methodologies from the conceptual phase into the practical application phase for the strengthening of enterprise competitiveness in manufacturing industry. One of those new methodologies is PLM (Product Life-cycle Management). PLM methodology consists of 3D CAD for the product design, PDM (Product Data Management) for the data management based on the collaboration platform and lastly DM (Digital Manufacturing). DM has evoluted from the stand-alone computer simulation of early 1980s, and now it covers the overall production development and production. Unfortunately, there exist serious critical problems about the actual application of DM for the real work. This is owing to the transition of the point of view from stand-alone type application (such as flow simulation or robot simulation) to that of business process about product development and production management. In this paper, we propose an application framework for the successful project with the digital manufacturing methodology with the concept of Information Strategy Planning, which enables the systematic diagnosis and the quantitative evaluation. Also, we introduce the actual practice of the proposing framework with the ISP project for 'Analysis & Simulation Technique of manufacturing process project' that is being conducted by Chungnam Techno Park.