• Title/Summary/Keyword: Produced water

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Design and Performance of a Laboratory Scale Closed Seawater Recirculating System for Korean Rockfish Sebastes schlegeli Culture Part 2. Performance of the Seawater Recirculating System

  • Lei Peng;Oh, Sung-Yong;Jo, Jae-Yoon
    • Proceedings of the Korean Aquaculture Society Conference
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    • 2003.10a
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    • pp.126-126
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    • 2003
  • Performance of a laboratory scale closed seawater recirculating aquaculture system was evaluated. Twenty-kg Korean rockfish (130 fish) with an average body weight of 153.8 g was stocked. Over 107-day culture period, fish reached final density of 51.7 kg/m$^3$ (initial density, 33.3 kg/m$^3$) on the culture tank volume basis. On a daily basis, water addition was 3.4% of the total water volume in the system. Total ammonia nitrogen (TAN)concentrations were below 1 mg/L and nitrite nitrogen (NO$_2$-N) concentrations were within the range of 1-3 mg/L on most sampling days. TAN was removedin bead and sand filters and it was removed or produced in the sedimentation basin. Basically, NO$_2$-N was removed in the bead and sand filters while it was either removed or produced in the sedimentation basin. Nitrate nitrogen (NO$_3$-N) was produced in the bead filters and removed in the sand filter and sedimentation basin. Foam fractionator performed well in the recirculating system. The maximal daily removal values for total suspended solids (TSS) and protein were 10,9 g and 1.4 g, respectively. Whole water quality parameters were within the levels commonly recommendedfor fish culture on most of the sampling days. However, further studies are needed to evaluate the commercial feasibility of this system because of the small-scale system used in present experiment. At least, present study still provides some basic information for further studies of this kind of system.

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Production of Environment-friendly Artificial Media for Agriculture Using Urban Sludge (도시발생 슬러지를 이용한 환경친화적 인공배지 생산)

  • 김선주;윤춘경;양용석
    • Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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    • v.40 no.2
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    • pp.102-111
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    • 1998
  • Large amount of sludge have been generating in the process of water and wastewater treatment in urban area, and it has been making many environmental problems. Currently almost of sludge is landfilled, and since sludge is difficult to handle and dehydrate, the permeated water from the filled-in ground contaminate the surrounding soil and groundwater which may cause serious environmental and sociological problems. The organic component in sludge can be almost removed through the heat treatment process, and the final product is called artificial soil or artificial media according to the temperature control. To produce artificial media using sludge, chabazite and lime were used as an additive, and the mixture of sludge & additives was thermally treated in the firing kiln at about 800~1, 100。C for about fifteen minutes. The physical and chemical characteristics of the produced artificial media were analyzed, and it showed that it can be used as an artificial media for plant production or soil conditioner for farmland. The concentrations of the toxic heavy metals in the artificial media were lower than the soil quality standard for farmland. The characteristics of produced artificial media, using the mixture of sludge and additives through the heat treatment, is similar to the natural chabazite and soil. The analyzed result of the mineral composition of artificial media showed that it has a characteristics similar to natural stable soil, so the produced artificial media may be applied to farmland or water culture without causing adverse effect. Therefore this study showed that the above process can be a feasible alternative for sludge treatment.

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Performance of a Lab-Scale Closed Seawater Recirculating System for Korean Rockfish Sebastes schlegeli Culture

  • Peng, Lei;Oh, Sung-Yong;Jo, Jae-Yoon
    • Ocean and Polar Research
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.493-501
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    • 2003
  • Performance of a laboratory scale closed seawater recirculating aquaculture system was evaluated. Twenty-kg of korean rockfish (130 fish) with an average body weight of 153.8g was stocked. Over a 107-day culture period, fish reached final density of $51.7kg/m^3$ (initial density, $33.3kg/m^3$) on the basis of the culture tank volume. On a daily basis, added water amounted to 3.4% of the total water volume in the system. Total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentrations were below 1mg/l and nitrite nitrogen $(NO_2-N)$ concentrations were within the range of 1-3mg/l on most sampling days. TAN was removed from bead and sand filters and it was removed or produced in the sedimentation basin. Basically, $NO_2-N$ was removed in the bead and sand filters, while it was either removed or produced in the sedimentation basin. Nitrate nitrogen $(NO_3-N)$ was produced in the bead filters and removed from the sand filter and sedimentation basin. The foam fractionator performed well in the recirculating system. The maximal daily removal values for total suspended solids (755) and protein were 10.9g and 1.4g, respectively. Whole water quality parameters were within the levels commonly recommended for fish culture on most of the sampling days. However, further studies are needed to evaluate the commercial feasibility of this system because of the smallscale system used in present experiment. At least, the present study still provides some basic information for further studies of this kind of system.

Investigation of Filamentous Fungi Producing Safe, Functional Water-Soluble Pigments

  • Heo, Young Mok;Kim, Kyeongwon;Kwon, Sun Lul;Na, Joorim;Lee, Hanbyul;Jang, Seokyoon;Kim, Chul Hwan;Jung, Jinho;Kim, Jae-Jin
    • Mycobiology
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    • v.46 no.3
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    • pp.269-277
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    • 2018
  • The production of water-soluble pigments by fungal strains indigenous to South Korea was investigated to find those that are highly productive in submerged culture. Among 113 candidates, 34 strains that colored the inoculated potato dextrose agar medium were selected. They were cultured in potato dextrose broth and extracted with ethanol. The productivity, functionality (radical-scavenging activities), and color information (CIELAB values) of the pigment extracts were measured. Five species produced intense yellowish pigments, and two produced intense reddish pigments that ranked the highest in terms of absorbance units produced per day. The pigment extracts of Penicillium miczynskii, Sanghuangporus baumii, Trichoderma sp. 1, and Trichoderma afroharzianum exhibited high radical-scavenging activity. However, the S. baumii extract showed moderate toxicity in the acute toxicity test, which limits the industrial application of this pigment. In conclusion, P. miczynskii KUC1721, Trichoderma sp. 1 KUC1716, and T. afroharzianum KUC21213 were the best fungal candidates to be industrial producers of safe, functional water-soluble pigments.

Convective Heat Transfer Characteristics on a Plate Cooled by Rectangular Water Jets (사각수분류에 의한 평판상에서의 대류열전달 특성)

  • Kim, Uen-Young;Jeon, Sung-Taek;Park, Jong-Suen;Lee, Doug-Bong
    • Solar Energy
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.53-71
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    • 1995
  • Experiments have been conducted on a planar, free surface jet of water to investigate the effects of aspect ratios(AR=6.67, 15, 26.67), average nozzle velocity($V_0=3.3m/s{\sim}78m/s$) and nozzle-to-plate spacings($Z/W=6{\sim}40$) on the characteristics of heat transfer, when 3 rectangular waterjets impinging on a flat plate which has the uniform heat flux. the scondary peaks which produced by circular jets also produced by rectangular water jets. The position of the scondary peaks depends upon the aspect ratio of nozzle. The heat transfer coefficient was subjected to the influence of aspect ratio. The heat transfer correlations and best position of nozzles which produced maximum heat transfer coefficient at stagnation point are provided.

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Effect of Leuconustoc spp. on the Formation of Streptococcus mutans Biofilm

  • Kang, Mi-Sun;Kang, In-Chol;Kim, Seon-MI;Lee, Hyun-Chul;Oh, Jong-Suk
    • Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.45 no.4
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    • pp.291-296
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    • 2007
  • Insoluble glucans synthesized by Streptococcus mutans enhance the pathogenicity of oral biofilm by promoting the adherence and accumulation of cariogenic bacteria on the surface of the tooth. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Leuconostoc spp. on the in vitro formation of S. mutans biofilm. Three strains, Leuconostoc gelidum A TCC 49366, Leuconostoc mesenteroides ssp. cremoris A TCC 19254 and Leuconostoc mesenteroides ssp. mesenteroides ATCC 8293, were used in this study. They exhibited profound inhibitory effects on the formation of S. mutans biofilm and on the proliferation of S. mutans. The water-soluble polymers produced from sucrose were most strongly produced by L. gelidum, followed by L. mesenteroides ssp. cremoris and L. mesenteroides ssp. mesenteroides. The mean wet weights of the artificial biofilm of S. mutans were also significantly reduced as a result of the addition of the water-soluble polymers obtained from Leuconostoc cultures. According to the results of thin-layer chromatographic analysis, the hydrolysates of the water-soluble polymers produced by Leuconostoc were identical to those of dextran T-2000, forming predominately ${\alpha}-(1-6)$ glucose linkages. These results indicate that dextran-producing Leuconostoc strains are able to inhibit the formation of S. mutans biofilm in vitro.

A Study on Under-registration of 13mm Water Meters (가정용 13mm 수도계량기 미감지율 조사연구)

  • Ahn, Jae-Chan;Ha, Sung-Ho;Jeong, Pan-Sig;Choi, Jeong-Sub;Koo, Ja-Yong
    • Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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    • v.19 no.4
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    • pp.506-514
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    • 2005
  • Unaccounted-for water subtracting water sold from produced water includes leakage, under-registration, unauthorized use, etc. To improve accounted-for water ratio, firstly, it should be attempted to accurately identify where unaccounted-for water is, and then it must to be reduced. Under-registration of meter is caused by allowable tolerance of meter, improper size of meter installed, gradient installation, etc. Under-registered water of meters has ever been the second large amount of unaccounted-for water next to leakage, but still is not estimated exactly. In this study, the estimated value as under-registered water was obtained by using the selected-area modeling program. As a result, the under-registered water ratio of 13mm meters was approximately 1.23%. Those of meters according to ages 1, 3, and, 5 years old were 1.46% 2.77% and, 2.26%, respectively but that of 7 years old meters showed over-registration of 1.59%.

The Change of Water Quality In Osaka Bay during Recent 70 Years

  • Han, Dong-Jin;Yoon, Jong-Sung
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.13 no.11
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    • pp.1001-1007
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    • 2004
  • The rapid industrialization and urbanization in Osaka Bay have produced many serious water pollution problems since the 1960s. A symbolic phenomenon is algae bloom (red tide), which occurred 53 times in 1976. The special law was enacted in 1973 and a number of administrative steps were taken, such as cutting COD loading, reductions in phosphorus (P) and restriction of land reclamation. As a result, the pollution of Osaka Bay has gradually been reduced, and the environment has been improved to some extent. In this study, to analyze the relations between water qualities as well as a social, economic activity by the coastal zone, the water quality data in Osaka Bay of 70 years past since 1921 were collected. Data such as population, livestock, fertilizer, industrial product etc. were also collected for estimating nutrients flowing into bay from land. It was found that the water quality was changed of a similar trend of estimated nutrients load, with delay of about four or five years.

Control of Water Heat Recovery Chiller Using Split Condenser Templifier Application

  • Cho, Haeng-Muk;Mahmud, Iqbal
    • Journal of Energy Engineering
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.17-21
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    • 2009
  • By using the heat recovery of water-cooled chillers, it is possible to reduce the energy operating costs positively and at the same time it could fulfill the heating re-heat air conditioning system as well as the hot water requirements. Basically templifiers are designed to economically to turn the waste heat into useful heat. Waste heat is extracted from a fluid stream by cooling it in the evaporator, the compressor amplifies the temperature of the heat and the condenser delivers the heat to heating loads such as space heating, kitchens and domestic hot water. Design of higher water temperature requirements and split condenser heat recovery chiller system (using of templifiers) produced hotter condenser water approximately up to $60^{\circ}C$ and control the entire heat recovery system.

Characteristics of water treatment plant sludges on raw water source (취수원별 정수장 슬러지의 물리화학적 특성)

  • Moon, Yong-Taik;Kim, Byung-Goon
    • Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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    • v.21 no.3 s.61
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    • pp.37-43
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    • 2006
  • Recently, needs for reuse of sludge produced from WTP(water treatment plant) have been increased with shortage of landfill sites and difficulties of the treatment and disposal processes. Therefore, Reusing is becoming an Increasingly popular waste management alternative to divert waste from landfills. In order to research the characteristics of WTP sludges, we used the sludges of C WTP which intake the lake Dae-Cheong and the sludges of S WTP which intake Keum river, The specific surface area of C and S WTP sludges were $0.9986m^2/cc\;and\;1.874m^2/cc$, respectively. The gravity was about $2.0{\sim}2.4$ which are scope of peat or loamy clay. The major minerals of C WTP sludges were kaolinite(48.4%), muscovite(19.5%), and quartz(16.7%). Also, muscovite(31.6%), quartz(30.3%), and kaolinite(17.3%) in S WTP sludges were major minerals.