• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.113-119
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• 2009

In Ubiquitous Information society, real shape of spatial information and accurate position information are required. Spatial information standardization is needed to service for the people. International standard was defined to ensure compatibilities of various standards, technologies, and terminologies and to promote mutual trade certain criteria and standard forms were established through international agreement. International standard is made by International Organization for Standardization, and International Standard Organization Technical Committee 211 manages the geographic information field. ISO TC 211 is working on LADM (Land Administration Domain Model) which defines administration law and spatial surveying component related to land and efficiently manages data and land systems of the countries. This study introduced processing of standardization of a surveying package which is related with LADM and comparing it with Korea Cadastral information system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.80-101
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• 1999

Self-sufficiency ratio of food crops in Korea is estimated under $20{\%}$ in 2010 because total food consumption including feed will be increased. but food grain production will be decreased. It is necessary to maintain the optimum level of food self-sufficiency rate to secure national food demand/supply balance and non-trade and multiple function of agriculture in Korea. It will be possible to produce more food grains having the acceptable quality if the appropriate policy and cropping techniques are developed and practised in future. Breeding for high yielding varieties should be the first target to raise the production potential of food crops . Number of varieties developed during last 30 years is counted as 353 in food crops. New varieties developed in 1990s showed the higher yield potential and the improved agronomic characteristics compared with 1970s and 1980s varieties. But number of varieties planted on the farmer's field over $5{\%}$ of national planting area is less than one third of total varieties developed Breeding efforts to maintain planting area of main food crops should be focussed on consumer's demand and farmer's need. They are the best quality variety in each field of crop utilization, the newly designed variety adapting to changes of natural, rural and cropping environment, and the higher yielding variety. It is also needed to develop new quality crop varieties for inducing more consumption of crop grain produced in Korea for direct food or processing. Development of barley varieties for animal feed. high income soybean varieties, high quality wheat variety. and super yielding rice and barley varieties are also needed to keep or maximize national food production potential. In order to establish the appropriate cropping technique for domestic food security, the strong and continuous interest and financial support on crop breeding are required, and the inter-disciplinary and inter-institutionary researches should be strengthened for successful crop breeding.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.47
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• pp.107-123
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• 2002

This paper is intented to present a information of various aspects of quality related characteristics and standards for grades in maize. Maize is world's one of the three most popular cereal crops and a primary energy supplement and can contribute up to 30, 60, and 98% of the dairy diet's protein, net energy, and starch, respectively. Maize is also processed into industrial goods by wet or dry milling. Sweet corn is a leader among vegetable crops and its production for fresh or processing markets is a major industry in many countries. Over the years, the combined efforts of breeders and geneticists, biochemists, food scientists, and others have helped bring us to the point where we understand issues related to sweet corn quality. Traditional criteria for selecting corn hybrids have been based primarily on agronomic factors, including grain production, disease resistance, drought tolerance, and storage characteristics. Little emphasis has been placed on the quality and nutritional values of corn. Although there is widespread interest for value-enhanced corns have increased tremendously in the last five years, there is limited information available on the production and comparing the quality attributes of specialty grains with those of normal yellow dent corn. Most countries have developed national maize standards, aiming to provide a framework for trade, both internal and external. Where trading involves direct choice and price negotiation in front of the commodity, grading standards are rarely employed; quality is assessed visually and is influenced by end-use, and the price is determined more by local rather than national factors. The use of an agreed standard will provide an unambiguous description of the quality of the consignment and assist in the formation of a legally-binding contract. Standards can also be seen to protect consumers rights through setting limits to the amount of unsuitable or noxious material.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.42 no.12
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• pp.1495-1502
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• 2015

Data compression involves a trade-off between delay time and data size. Greater delay times require smaller data sizes and vice versa. There have been many studies performed in the field of wireless sensor networks on increasing network life cycle durations by reducing data size to minimize energy consumption; however, reductions in data size result in increases of delay time due to the added processing time required for data compression. Meanwhile, as energy generation occurs periodically in solar energy-based wireless sensor networks, redundant energy is often generated in amounts sufficient to run a node. In this study, this excess energy is used to reduce the delay time between nodes in a sensor network consisting of solar energy-based nodes. The energy threshold value is determined by a formula based on the residual energy and charging speed. Nodes with residual energy below the threshold transfer data compressed to reduce energy consumption, and nodes with residual energy above the threshold transfer data without compression to reduce the delay time between nodes. Simulation based performance verifications show that the technique proposed in this study exhibits optimal performance in terms of both energy and delay time compared with traditional methods.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.141-160
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• 2015

IoT(Internet of Things) has become a major issue as new type of convergence technology, expending existing of USNs(Ubiquitous Sensor Networks), NFC(Near Field Communication), and M2M(Machine to Machine). The IoT technology defines as a networking for things, which can establish intelligent links collaboratively for sensing networking and processing between each other without human intervention. The purpose of this study is to investigate to forecast the future distribution changes and orientation of contribution of distribution industry on IoT and to provide the implication of distribution changes. To become a global market leader, IoT requires much more development of core technology of IoT for distribution industry, new service creation and try to use a market-based demand side strategy to create markets. So, to become a global leader in distribution industry, this study results show that first of all establishment of standardization of IoT, privacy safeguards, security issues, stability and value were more important than others. The research findings suggest that the development goals of IoT should strive to boost the creation of a global leader in distribution industry and convenience to consider consumers' demands as the most important thing.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.703-711
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• 2009

Arabica coffee is classified for trading according to the New York Board of Trade(NYBOT) green coffee classification. NYBOT's grading system is based on classification derived from a defect count on a 300 g sample. In the present study, green and roasted coffees were investigated for possible correlations between the content of defective beans and sensory characteristics. Sensory evaluation was performed by expert tasters used by the Specialty Coffee Association of America(SCAA) cupping method. For green coffee, the percentage of defective beans increased. as the coffee grade decreased. Black and sour beans were not found in the NY2 grade coffee out of all natural, pulped natural, and washed coffee samples. Sour and insect damage were found in more natural coffee samples as the green coffee grade decreased. Green and broken beans were found in more washed coffee samples as the green coffee grade decreased. Flavor, clean, uniformity, aftertaste, and overall sensory characteristics were significantly different among the NY2, NY3/4 and NY4/5 grade coffee in all natural, pulped natural and washed coffee samples. The natural coffee in the NY2 sample presented the highest body characteristic. The pulped natural coffee in the NY2 sample presented the highest sweetness and balance characteristics. The washed coffee in the NY2 sample presented the highest acidity and flavor characteristics. In conclusion, the percentage of defective beans increased as sensory characteristics decreased.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.33-56
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• 1998

This study examines the characteristics of service economies and their impacts on the spatial transformation of Korea during the last IS years. This study reviews the different perspectives for the tertiarization Process. It focuses on the spatial variation in the growth and location of Producer service industries. Based on the analyses of industrial and occupational compositions, services. particularly producer services, have played a major role in creating new job opportunities since the late 1980s. The ratio of services to merchandise trade is approximately 1:4, but service trades have increased since the early 1990s. Producer service activities have grown very rapidly, and the information processing service has been over-concentrated in Seoul. Further headquarters of bank and insurance services are overwhelmingly concentrated into Seoul. The firms whose headquarters are located in Seoul have linkage Pattern on a nationwide scale. The pattern of employment growth in producer services shows a clear core-Periphery disparity. In the light of the observed pattern of regional differentiation in producer service employment, some wider implications of the distribution of producer service activities for regional economic Performance are considered.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.11D no.3
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• pp.731-740
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• 2004

In this paper we propose a fast negotiation agent system that guarantees the reciprocity of the attendants in a bilateral negotiation on the e-commerce. The proposednegotiation agent system exploits the incremental learning method based on an artificial neural network in generating a counter-offer and is trained by the previous offer that has been rejected by the other party. During a negotiation, the software agents on behalf of a buyer and a seller negotiate each other by considering the multi-attributes of a product. The experimental results show that the proposed negotiation system achieves better agreements than other negotiation agent systems that are operated under the realistic and practical environment. Furthermore, the proposed system carries out negotiations about twenty times faster than the previous negotiation systems on the average.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2006

To guarantee QoS (Quality of Service), routers should determine routing paths satisfying service requirements, based on link state information as well as network topology. Link status database (LSD) in routers should be efficiently managed to effectively reflect the current state of all links. However, there is a trade off between the exact reflection of the current link status and its update cost. For exactly reflecting the current link status, each router immediately notifies its neighbors that link state information is changed. This may degrade performance of the router due to the processing of link state update messages. On the other side, if the current link state information is not updated appropriately, a route setup request can be rejected because of the discrepancy between the current link state information and previously updated link state information in LSD. In this paper, we propose a traffic variation based link state update algorithm for adaptively controlling the generation of link state update messages and compare its performance with those of four existing algorithms by intensive simulations.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.13A no.2 s.99
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• pp.171-176
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• 2006

In this paper, we develop energy efficient designs for the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) on FPGAs. Architectures for FFT on FPGAs are designed by investigating and applying techniques for minimizing the energy dissipation. Architectural parmeters such as degrees of vertical and horizontal parallelism are identified and a design choices. We determine design trade-offs using high-level performance estimation to obtain energy-efficient designs. We implemented a set storage types as parameters, on Xilinx Vertex-II FPGA to verify the estimates. Our designs dissipate 57% to 78% less energy than the optimized designs from the Xilinx library. In terms of a comprehensive metric such as EAT (Energy-Area-Time), out designs offer performance improvements of 3-13x over the Xilinx designs.