• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.428-434
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• 1996

The practice of oral surgery or other dentistry possesses the danger of causing the loss of foreign bodies used within the oral cavity. If such foreign bodies would be lost, they could enter the viscera through the esophagus or tracheobroncheal tree. Ingestion is four times as frequent as aspiration and 80% to 90% of ingested foreign bodies will pass through the body spontaneously. Once the aspiration or ingestion of foreign bodies is happened, a dental procedure should be discontinued immediately. If symptoms of respiratory distress, including coughing, wheezing, or stridor, are present, a patent airway should be maintained, oxygen administered, and ventilation supported if necessary. The PA chest radiograph will identify the objects in the lung, esophagus, or stomach. Ingested gastrointestinal foreign bodies may be managed by observation, endoscopy, and or surgical intervention and aspirated tracheobroncheal foreign bodies may be managed by bronchoscopy, and or surgical intervention. This case report describes the management of ingested or aspirated foreign bodies happened to the three patients during intraoral treatment. we recommend that the preventive method of ingestion or aspiration of the dental foreign bodies should be performed prior to intraoral treatment and the immedieate measures should be carried out after ingestion or asipiration of it.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.16 no.7 s.112
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• pp.712-719
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• 2006

This paper is concerned with the comparison of substructure synthesis methods based on global and local coordinates. The substructure synthesis methods based on the global coordinates were first proposed for the dynamic analysis of complex structure and the substructure synthesis method based on the local coordinates was proposed to solve the dynamic problem of tree-like structure. However, the conceptual difference between two methods in solving the dynamic problem has never been explained. In this paper, a structure consisting of two beams is considered to show the conceptual difference of two methods. The dynamic formulation shows the characteristics and differences of two methods explicitly. The procedure for choosing proper substructure modes in each method is also explained in detail. In addition, the advantage of the substructure synthesis method based on the local coordinate system is discussed based on the numerical example. Numerical examples show how two methods are applied to the addressed problem.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.57 no.9
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• pp.1507-1515
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• 2008

It is essential for electric power companies to have a quick restoration system of the faulted pole transformers which occupy most of transformers to supply stable electricity. However, it takes too much time to restore it when a transformer is out of order suddenly because we now count on operator in investigating causes of failure and making decision of recovery methods. This paper presents the concept of 'Fault pattern analysis and Restoration prediction model using Data mining techniques’, which is based on accumulated fault record of pole transformers in the past. For this, it also suggests external and internal causes of fault which influence the fault pattern of pole transformers. It is expected that we can reduce not only defects in manufacturing procedure by upgrading quality but also the time of predicting fault patterns and recovering when faults occur by using the result.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.147-154
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• 2004

A simple and reliable procedure for RT-PCR detection of Apple stem pitting virus (ASPV), Cherry rasp leaf virus (CRLV), and Cherry necrotic rusty mottle virus (CNRMV) was developed. Two virus specific primer sets for each virus were found to specifically detect each virus among fourteen sets of designed oligonucleotide primers. Total RNAs extracted from healthy and from ASPV-,CRLV- and CNRMV-infected plant tissues were used to synthesize cDNA using oligo dT primer and then amplified by virus-specific primers for each virus. Each primer specifically amplified DNA fragments of 578 bp and 306 bp products for ASPV (prAS CP-C and prAS CP-N primers, respectively); 697 bp and 429 bp products for CRLV (prCR4 and prCR5-JQ3D3 primers, respectively); and 370 bp and 257 bp products for CNRMV (prCN4 and prCN6-NEG 1 primers, respec-tively) by RT-PCR. DNA sequencing of amplified DNA fragments confirmed the nature of each amplified DNA. Altogether, these results suggest that these virus specific primer sets can specifically amplify viral sequences in infected tissues and thus indicate that they can be used for specific detection of each virus.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.481-486
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• 2007

The Zienkiewicz-Zhu(Z/Z) error estimate is slightly modified for the hierarchical p-refinement, and is then applied to L-shaped plates subjected to bending to demonstrate its effectiveness. An adaptive procedure in finite element analysis is presented by p-refinement of meshes in conjunction with a posteriori error estimator that is based on the superconvergent patch recovery(SPR) technique. The modified Z/Z error estimate p-refinement is different from the conventional approach because the high order shape functions based on integrals of Legendre polynomials are used to interpolate displacements within an element, on the other hand, the same order of basis function based on Pascal's triangle tree is also used to interpolate recovered stresses. The least-square method is used to fit a polynomial to the stresses computed at the sampling points. The strategy of finding a nearly optimal distribution of polynomial degrees on a fixed finite element mesh is discussed such that a particular element has to be refined automatically to obtain an acceptable level of accuracy by increasing p-levels non-uniformly or selectively. It is noted that the error decreases rapidly with an increase in the number of degrees of freedom and the sequences of p-distributions obtained by the proposed error indicator closely follow the optimal trajectory.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.156-160
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• 2002

When jaundice persists for more than 14 days postnatally, the early diagnosis of surgical jaundice is important for the prognosis in extrahepatic biliary atresia after draining procedure. The role of diagnostic laparoscopy to differenctiate medical causes of jaundice from biliary atresia is evaluated in this report. Four patients with prolonged jaundice have been included in this study. When the gallbladder was not visualized we proceeded to laparotomy. In patients with enlarged gallbladder visualized at laparoscopy, laparoscopic guided cholangiogram was performed, and laparoscopic liver biopsy was done for those who had a patent biliary tree. Two patients had small atretic gallbladder and underwent a Kasai hepato-portoenterostomy. One patients showed a patent gallbladder and common bile duct with atresia of the common hepatic and intrahepatic ducts, and they underwent a Kasai hepatic-portoenterostomy. One patient showed an enlarged gallbladder and laparoscopic-guided cholangiogram were normal. Laparoscopic liver biopsy was performed. There were no complications. Laparoscopy with laparoscopic-guided cholangiogram may be a valuable method in accurate and earlier diagnosis in an infant with prolonged jaundice.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.30 no.1A
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• pp.46-54
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• 2005

This paper presents an effcient mobile multicast method using the user pattern. We exploit the repetitive movement pattern of mobile node to reduce the total number of experience of graft and join procedure. We defined the locality scope by a movement pattern. While the network is included in the locality scope, the network should maintain a multicast tree even when the mobile node moves to the other network. In this way, the mobile host can receive a multicast service without a delay when it moves to the network in the locality scope later. We compare our scheme with existing schemes under the total signaling cost and the service delay time by using a discrete analytical model for cost analysis. Analytical results demonstrated that the total signaling cost and service delay time was significantly reduced through our proposed scheme.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.172-178
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• 1991

It is a rare case that fistula between the tracheobroncheal tree and the esophagus are cause by tuberculosis. We experienced the case of tuberculosis of the stomach with broncheoesophageai fistula, which was treated medically. Fiberoptic biopsy revealed tuberculous granuloma at esophagus and gastric cardia site. The patient had good response to antituberculous therapy with complete resolution without any surgical procedure.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.129-137
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• 2016

A colonoscopy is important because it detects the presence of polyps in the colon that can lead to colon cancer. How often one needs to repeat a colonoscopy may depend on various factors. The main purpose of this study is to determine personalized surveillance interval of colonoscopy based on characteristics of patients including their clinical information. The clustering analysis using a partitioning around medoids algorithm was conducted on 625 patients who had a medical examination at Korea University Anam Hospital and found several subgroups of patients. For each cluster, we then performed survival analysis that provides the probability of having polyps according to the number of days until next visit. The results of survival analysis indicated that different survival distributions exist among different patients' groups. We believe that the procedure proposed in this study can provide the patients with personalized medical information about how often they need to repeat a colonoscopy.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.9
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• pp.2888-2898
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• 2021

Vital area identification (VAI) is an essential procedure for the design of physical protection systems (PPSs) for nuclear power plants (NPPs). The purpose of PPS design is to protect vital areas. VAI has been improved continuously to overcome the shortcomings of previous VAI generations. In first-generation VAI, a sabotage fault tree was developed directly without reusing probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) results or information. In second-generation VAI, VAI model was constructed from all PSA event trees and fault trees. While in third-generation VAI, it was developed from the simplified PSA event trees and fault trees. While VAIs have been performed for NPPs in full-power operations, VAI for NPPs in low-power and shutdown (LPSD) operations has not been studied and performed, even though NPPs in LPSD operations are very vulnerable to sabotage due to the very crowded nature of NPP maintenance. This study is the first to research and apply VAI to LPSD operation of NPP. Here, the third-generation VAI method for full-power operation of NPP was adapted to the VAI of LPSD operation. In this study, LPSD VAI for a few plant operational states (POSs) was performed. Furthermore, the operation strategy of vital areas for both full-power and LPSD operations was discussed. The LPSD VAI method discussed in this paper can be easily applied to all POSs. The method and insights in this study can be important for future LPSD VAI that reflects various LPSD operational states. Regulatory bodies and electric utilities can take advantage of this LPSD VAI method.