• Education of Primary School Mathematics
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.127-157
• /
• 2014

The purpose of the study is to enhance the figure analysis ability for pre-service elementary teacher by using GSP. To do this, we limited to teaching competence divide into ability various problem-solving, extract key elements, predict the difficulty of student and investigated the initial of them, the reality of GSP construction. As results, pre-service elementary teachers made errors, proposed teaching focused on the character using in the problem solving, and found that in one particular difficulties to find the students. The reality of GSP construction activity was possible to explore through the partially constructed a number of various properties, but we found to have difficulty in the connection between concepts. and integrated view of the problem analysis. After visual identification and exploration through the GSP construction, problem-solving ability became a little more variety and changed their direction in order to focus the student's anticipated difficulties. From these results, we could extract some pedagogical implications helping pre-service teachers to reinforce teaching competence by GSP construction.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.173-182
• /
• 2016

Purpose: This study was conducted to survey female Vietnamese marriage immigrants' life stress and to analyze factors influencing their life stress and coping strategies. Methods: As descriptive correlation research, this study conducted a survey with 182 conveniently sampled subjects. Data were collected in June, 2015, and analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: The subjects' life stress levels were above average, and significantly varied according to their health, and economic status. Stress coping strategies used by the subjects included assistance seeking, problem avoidance, wishful thinking, problem solving, and emotional alleviation in the order of frequency. As a result of the stepwise multiple regression, economic level, economic activity, and health status were found to be the most significant factors influencing the subjects' life stress, and these variables explained 45.1% of the variation in life stress. Conclusion: Female marriage immigrants were experiencing above-average life stress, and they were coping with it mainly in terms of assistance seeking or problem avoidance. In order to mitigate their stress, therefore, it is necessary to provide extended employment opportunities and economic activities for them so that they can cultivate their abilities in health management.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.30 no.5
• /
• pp.452-461
• /
• 1998

The pin power distribution is determined by analyzing the rotational gamma scanning data for 36 element fuel bundle of HANARO. A fission monitor of Nb$^{95}$ is chosen by considering the criteria of the half-life, fission yield, emitting ${\gamma}$-ray energy and probability. The ${\gamma}$-ray spectra were measured in Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute(KAERI) by using a HPGe detector and by rotating the fuel bundle at steps of 10$^{\circ}$. The counting rates of Nb$^{95}$ 766 keV ${\gamma}$-rays are determined by analyzing the full absorption peak in the spectra. A 36$\times$36 response matrix is obtained from calculating the contribution of each rod at every scanning angle by assuming 2-dimensional and parallel beam approximations for the measuring geometry. In terms of the measured counting rates and the calculated response matrix, an inverse problem is set up for the unknown distribution of activity concentrations of pins. To select a suitable solving method, the performances of three direct methods and the iterative least-square method are tested by solving simulation examples. The final solution is obtained by using the iterative least-square method that shows a good stability. The influences of detection error, step size of rotation and the collimator width are discussed on the accuracy of the numerical solution. Hence an improvement in the accuracy of the solution is proposed by reducing the collimator width of the scanning arrangement.

• School Mathematics
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.151-163
• /
• 2012

In 2006 with the revised national curriculum, Elementary mathematics teaching and learning methods are presented in the following ways. Learners explore the way through the operational activities of the teachers and students with learning and learners' active learning activities, etc., and an active learning based on the principle of attention to learning how to maximize the effectiveness are required. In this study, from first grade through sixth grade elementary school mathematics textbooks for all learning activities presented in 10 different types were investigated This result of 5 contents area of number and operation, geometry, probability and statistics, measurement and patterns and problem solving and divided into low, middle, and hight three were intentional. In addition, teachers are looking forward to this result was compared with the type of activity.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.44-57
• /
• 2015

In recent years, for the purpose of solving the problem regarding environment protection and resource saving, certain measures and policies have been promoted to establish a reverse supply chains (RSCs) with material flows from collection of used products to reuse the recycled parts in production of products. It is necessary to analyze behaviors of RSC members to determine the optimal operation. This paper discusses a RSC with a retailer and a manufacturer and verifies the behavior strategies of RSC members which may change over time in response to changes parameters related to the recycling promotion activity in RSC. A retailer takes two behaviors: cooperation/non-cooperation in recycling promotion activity. A manufacturer takes two behaviors: monitoring/non-monitoring of behaviors of the retailer. Evolutionary game theory combining the evolutionary theory of Darwin with game theory is adopted to clarify analytically evolutionary outcomes driven by a change in each behavior of RSC members over time. The evolutionary stable strategies (ESSs) for RSC members' behaviors are derived by using the replicator dynamics. The analysis numerically demonstrates how parameters of the recycling promotion activity: (i) sale promotion cost, (ii) monitoring cost, (iii) compensation and (iv) penalty cost affect the judgment of ESSs of behaviors of RSC members.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.253-276
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the aspects of task-based materials in high school English textbooks for first year students in Korea. Based on the theoretical backgrounds for designing communicative tasks and the basic contents of the 7th national curriculum for English, a total of six different qualitative evaluation categories of task-based materials are constructed. The six categories include input data, settings, activity types, language skills, activity themes, and communicative functions. The results of the data analysis showed that the regulations of the 7th national English curriculum, which were aimed at improving the students' communicative abilities, were properly reflected in the materials of task-based activities of all textbooks. On the other hand, a few problems were found in some textbooks: too many individual tasks; being out of proportion in presenting task types and themes; non-systematic introduction of language skills, etc. To conclude, a few suggestions are made to provide some meaningful considerations for the text material developers in order to produce better textbooks in the future: task goals and rationale that encourage the learner's positive motivation; authenticity of input data based on the real-world context; a collaborative learning environment that enhances communicative interaction; a proportional representation of the various activity types including creative problem-solving procedures; systematic introduction of integrated language skills, etc.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.18-26
• /
• 2012

In this work, colorants extraction process from gromwell was studied for making powder form of colorants by solving the high viscosity problem of gromwell extracts. In order to do that, sugar extracted together with colorants must be pre-extracted. For sugar decomposition, gromwell roots were pretreated with various enzyme solutions. The total sugar content of pre-extract with enzyme solution was measured. Accordingly, the effects of enzyme type and pretreatment condition on sugar decomposition were investigated to find appropriate enzyme(amylase, hemicellulase, pectinase) and enzyme activity (100~1000unit), pre-extracted time(3~24hr). Color characteristics and dye uptake of dyed fabrics were evaluated. Gromwell colorants were assessed for their potential antimicrobial activities, which possibly expand their end use as functional pigments. The efficiency of removing sugar was increased in the order of hemicellulase, pectinase, amylase, $H_2O$. Gromwell colorants powder yield was in the range of 4.4% to 9.8% depending on pretreatment enzyme. Gromwell colorants produced RP color on the silk and wool fabrics with good dye uptake. Antimicrobial activity of gromwell colorants will greatly increase its potentiality for applying as functional natural colorants in the future.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.90-101
• /
• 2008

This study was conducted to develop pre-engineering educational program model based on STEM integration approach. To accomplish this purpose literature review and content validity ratio survey were carried out. The main results of this study were as follows: First, the conceptual model of STEM integration approach was constituted. Second, the conceptual model of pre-engineering educational program model based on STEM integration approach was proposed. Third, the formation steps of inquiry project activity, problem solving activity, and creative engineering design activity were developed to structure the educational program.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.14-25
• /
• 1998

The Quality of human living depends on the environmental quality of the region sustaining the life. The environmental deterioration of the modern society is due to mechanical environmentalism. For the better quality of the life, The changes of recognition and attitude on the environments are required. These changes of mind are also important in environmental education for teenagers. The 7th national curriculum, officially anounced December 1998, focuses on the change of attitude to environments and practical behavior in real life for “Environments”, the environmental education curriculum in middle school. Basic elements of the curriculum are cultivation of the pro-environmental thinking, multi-levelling of teaching materials and methods, and encouraging of student participating activity. Actually, the curriculum construction is composed of stepped-levelling of teaching and learning, reasonable contents volume, encouraging of student practice, and suggesting of evaluation standards of textbook writing. Three main subjects of environmental education for middle school consist of (1) man and environment, (2) recognition of environmental problem, and (3) protection activity for environment. Methodology of environmental education can include multi-disciplinary approaches, variable teaching methods, and continuing evaluation of student practice and participation attitude. Environmental education for teenagers relating to the 7th national curriculum focuses on recognition of the environmental problems and practice activity in daily life. The recognition includes considering relationship of human life to environment, solving environmental problems in regional context, and development of comprehensive understanding concept of the environments. For the practice education, variable teaching methods, such as field survey and application of multi-media, are needed.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.75-84
• /
• 2002

After entering an elementary school, in fact, a number of children regard mathematics as one of very difficult subjects because of its abstractiveness. This is caused by the fact that their basic thinking power is not yet formed or they can not understand the special quality of mathematics. So this article emphasizes the need to build up the higher logical thought and a basic mathematical concept at the lower grade elementary school stage in which the loaming activity on mathematics begins in earnest, that is, at the stage before having an experience on the calculating activity using numbers. But at present the lower grade elementary school students in our country do not understand the special quality of mathematics composed of a various symbolic system and lay stress upon mathematics learning attached to the calculative activity. In order to make the right mathematical concept of the lower grade elementary school, the basic knowledge and ability as follows is sure to be formed. 1) the foundational logical manipulation activity and knowledge 2) the using ability of the sign and symbolic system At the stage on which mathematics learning activity begins, it is a very important task to make the right concept of the abstractive math and nurse the capability for finding mathematical relations covered under the sign system through the continuos loaming activity on . Through the basic logical manipulation activity and the game activity of sign for lower grade elementary school students mentioned in this article, they can not only foster the higher level logical thinking power and the foundational calculative ability but also bring up the interest on the activity of establishing a new problem solving strategy.