• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.37 no.6B
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• pp.443-452
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• 2012

In Mobile Ad-hoc Networks, previous routing protocols classified into proactive and reactive approach respectively have pros and cons under the use of applications and environment. Moreover, to integrate their advantages in case by case, hybrid approach is consistently researched, and Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP) was motivating many recent hybrid protocols. ZRP uses proactive routing to the node located within the zone defined by the specific number of hops, while it uses reactive routing to other nodes. However, in ZRP, because proactive routing is applied only within the zone defined by the number of hops, the zone is formed regardless of whether real data communication occurred frequently or not. In this paper, we propose a new hybrid routing scheme which employs the zone method but forms customized zone considering traffic load and number of hops, by a new decision method named Dynamic Zone Decision (DZD). Additionally, we analyze the performance of the proposed scheme, comparing with the previous proactive, reactive, and hybrid routings.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.32 no.12A
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• pp.1226-1237
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• 2007

This paper proposes QoS mesh routing protocol for IEEE 802.16 based wireless mesh networks. QoS mesh routing protocol proposed in this paper is a proactive hop-by-hop QoS routing protocol. The goal of our routing protocol is not only to find a route from a source to a destination, but also optimal route that satisfies QoS requirements, given in terms of bandwidth and delay as default QoS parameters. In this paper, we first analyze possible types of routing protocols that have been studied for MANET and show proactive hop-by-hop routing protocols are the most appropriate for wireless mesh networks. Then, we present a network model for IEEE 802.16 based wireless mesh networks and propose a proactive hop-by-hop QoS routing protocol. Through our simulation, we represent that our routing protocol outperforms QOLSR protocol in terms of end-to-end delay, packet delivery ratio and routing overhead.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.11 no.1 s.39
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• pp.195-201
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• 2006

This thesis proposes hybrid routing protocol that mix proactive routing protocol and reactive routing protocol used in Ad hoc network. Proposed method is that establish special node offering network service of nods which construct Ad hoc network and do routing different from existing hybrid routing protocol, ZRP. Special node doing these parts is called C-node. Routing using C-node can accompany efficient routing by decreasing path institution time and flooding time than existing routing protocol.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.4205-4227
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• 2018

Network Coding (NC) is an approach recently investigated for increasing the network throughput and thus enhancing the performance of wireless mesh networks. The benefits of NC can further be improved when routing decisions are made with the awareness of coding capabilities and opportunities. Typically, the goal of such routing is to find and exploit routes with new coding opportunities and thus further increase the network throughput. As shown in this paper, in case of proactive routing the coding awareness along with the information of the measured traffic coding success can also be efficiently used to support the congestion avoidance and enable more encoded packets, thus indirectly further increasing the network throughput. To this end, a new proactive routing procedure called Congestion-Avoidance Network Coding-Aware Routing (CANCAR) is proposed. It detects the currently most highly-loaded node and prevents it from saturation by diverting some of the least coded traffic flows to alternative routes, thus achieving even higher coding gain by the remaining well-coded traffic flows on the node. The simulation results confirm that the proposed proactive routing procedure combined with the well-known COPE NC avoids network congestion and provides higher coding gains, thus achieving significantly higher throughput and enabling higher traffic loads both in a representative regular network topology as well as in two synthetically generated random network topologies.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.14C no.5
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• pp.417-424
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• 2007

Mesh networks using WLAN technology have been paid attention as a key wireless access technology. However, many technical issues still exist for its successful deployment. One of those issues is the routing problem that addresses the path setup through a WLAN mesh network for the data exchanges between a station and a wired network. Since the characteristics of a WLAN mesh network can be very dynamic, the use of single routing protocol would not fit for all environments whether it is reactive or proactive. Therefore, it is required to develop an adaptive routing protocol that modifies itself according to the changes in the network parameters. As a logical first step for the development, an analytical model considering all the dynamic features of a WLAN mesh network is required to evaluate the performance of a reactive and a proactive routing scheme. In this paper, we propose an analytical model that makes us scrutinize the impact of the network and station parameters on the performance of each routing protocol. Our model includes the size of a mesh network, the density of stations, mobility of stations. and the duration of network topology change. We applied our model to the AODV that is a representative reactive routing protocol and DSDV that is a representative proactive routing protocol to analyze the tradeoff between AODV and DSDV in dynamic network environments. Our model is expected to help developing an adaptive routing protocol for a WLAN mesh network.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2009

In this paper, we propose a QoS routing protocol for WiMAX based wireless mesh networks. The proposed routing protocol is a proactive hop-by-hop QoS routing protocol. It can find an optimal route that satisfies QoS requirements using bandwidth and delay as QoS parameters. In this paper, we first present a network model for WIMAX based wireless mesh networks and explain why QoS routing protocol is the most appropriate for WiMAX based wireless mesh networks. Then, we propose a proactive hop-by-hop QoS routing protocol that meets QoS requirements of traffic flowing between mesh client and the gateway. The simulation results show that the proposed routing protocol outperforms QOLSR protocol in terms of end-to-end delay, packet delivery ratio and routing overhead.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.23-32
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• 2024

Mobile Ad hoc Network is a network of multiple wireless nodes which communicate and exchange information together without any fixed and centralized infrastructure. The core objective for the development of MANET is to provide movability, portability and extensibility. Due to infrastructure less network topology of the network changes frequently this causes many challenges for designing routing algorithms. Many routing protocols for MANET have been suggested for last few years and research is still going on. In this paper we review three main routing protocols namely Proactive, Reactive and Hybrid, performance comparison of Proactive such as DSDV, Reactive as AODV, DSR, TORA and Hybrid as ZRP in different network scenarios including dynamic network size, changing number of nodes, changing movability of nodes, in high movability and denser network and low movability and low traffic. This paper analyzes these scenarios on the performance evaluation metrics e.g. Throughput, Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), Normalized Routing Load(NRL) and End To-End delay(ETE).This paper also reviews various network layer security attacks challenge by routing protocols, detection mechanism proposes to detect these attacks and compare performance of these attacks on evaluation metrics such as Routing Overhead, Transmission Delay and packet drop rates.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.721-729
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• 2016

CCN(Content-Centric Network) enables users to retrieve content using the content's name. Researchers face critical challenges in terms of mobility. Since the routing information is part of the content name, when the provider moves, it is necessary to update all the routers routing information. However, this requires significant costs. In this paper, we propose PNPCCN(Proactive Neighbor Pushing CCN), considering the popularity and rarity of mobility support, for providers in CCN environments. Via simulation studies, we demonstrate that our solutions are effective in terms of shorter numbers of retransmitted Interest packets, and average download times and higher delivery ratios during mobility.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.87-97
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• 2009

A Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is characterized by multi-hop wireless connectivity, frequently changing network topology with mobile nodes and the efficiency of the dynamic routing protocol plays an important role in the performance of the network. In this paper, the performance of five routing protocols for MANET is compared by using OPNET modeler: AODV, DSR, GRP, OLSR and TORA. The various performance metrics are examined, such as packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay and routing overhead with varying data traffic, number of nodes and mobility. In our simulation results, OLSR shows the best performance in terms of data delivery ratio in static networks, while AODV has the best performance in mobile networks with moderate data traffic. When comparing proactive protocols (OLSR, GRP) and reactive protocols (AODV, DSR) with varying data traffic in the static networks, proactive protocols consistently presents almost constant overhead while the reactive protocols show a sharp increase to some extent. When comparing each of proactive protocols in static and mobile networks, OLSR is better than GRP in the delivery ratio while overhead is more. As for reactive protocols, DSR outperforms AODV under the moderate data traffic in static networks because it exploits caching aggressively and maintains multiple routes per destination. However, this advantage turns into disadvantage in high mobility networks since the chance of the cached routes becoming stale increases.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.308-316
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• 2015

In this paper, we carried out performance comparison of four routing protocols that had been proposed for mobile ad hoc networks using the NS-3 network simulator. Those four routing protocols consist of two proactive routing protocols, DSDV(destination-sequenced distance vector) and OLSR(optimized link state routing), and two reactive routing protocols, AODV(ad-hoc on-demand distance vector) and DSR(dynamic source routing). Two performance metrics, system throughput and packet delivery ratio, are adopted and performance evaluation was carried out in a square communication area where each communicating mobile node moves independently. Numerical results show that the AODV routing protocol provides the best performance among those four routing protocols.