• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.14 no.9
• /
• pp.3639-3662
• /
• 2020

The network capability to accomplish its functions in a timely fashion under failures and attacks is known as survivability. Ad hoc routing protocols have been studied and extended to various domains, such as Intelligent Transport Systems (ITSs), Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), underwater acoustic networks, and Internet of Things (IoT) focusing on different aspects, such as security, QoS, energy. The existing solutions proposed in this domain incur substantial overhead and eventually become burden on the network, especially when there are fewer attacks or no attack at all. There is a need that the effectiveness of these routing protocols be analyzed in the presence of Denial of Service (DoS) attacks without any intrusion detection or prevention system. This will enable us to establish and identify the inherently stable routing protocols that are capable to survive longer in the presence of these attacks. This work presents a DoS attack case study to perform theoretical analysis of survivability on node and network level in the presence of DoS attacks. We evaluate the performance of reactive and proactive routing protocols and analyse their survivability. For experimentation, we use NS-2 simulator without detection or prevention capabilities. Results show that proactive protocols perform better in terms of throughput, overhead and packet drop.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.45-59
• /
• 2022

This study attempted to investigate how the transformational leadership perceived by flowers of telemarketing organizations. In particular, this study explored the moderating effect of followership in the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational performance. To verify the research model, 321 surveys collected from 10 domestic call centers were analyzed. Reliability, correlation, factor analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis were performed, and as a result of the analysis, it was found that the transformational leadership in the telemarketing organizations had a positive effect on organizational performance. In addition, it was confirmed that goal consistency, proactive participation, critical thinking, and team spirit, which are the four sub-variables of followership, all have a positive (+) effect on organizational performance, and both goal consistency and proactive participation moderate the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational performance. Considering the special working environment of telemarketing organizations, the results of this study suggest the need for a corporate educational role to increase transformational leadership and followership and the need to build environments by setting up an atmosphere for members to exercise follow-up, and opening up communication structures for members to follow.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
• /
• v.60
• /
• pp.177-194
• /
• 2013

According to the 2013 statistics, the small/medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) accounted for 99.9% of the Korean economy with 87.8% of employment. This simple figures also indicate SMEs export extension is a key task for the national economy stimulation and job creation. The SMEs export plunge has been affected by the European financial turbulence, US financial instability, developing countries like China entering foreign markets, a weak yen, etc. EXIM Bank, in this context, will need to take a more proactive attitude to provide trade finance by, for example, reviewing the business feasibility for SMEs with a lower credit rank or investigating importers' credit status, etc. Moreover EXIM Bank provides factoring service mostly to large companies and should lower its threshold for service provision to SMEs. Finally EXIM Bank should play more than a primary forfeiting market entity. It also needs to facilitate the secondary forfeiting market.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.105-114
• /
• 2017

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of gambling environment factors (being around gambling, gambling ad access) and irrational gambling belief on the gambling behaviors of college students who experienced sports gambling. Methods : Study participants were 240 college students with sports gambling experience. Data were collected through self-report questionnaires and analyzed with SPSS 18.0. Results : Being around gambling and sports gambling ad access have a statistically significant effect on irrational gambling beliefs, which have statistically significant statistical effects on gambling addiction. Self-regulation did not show statistically significant regulatory effects between irrational gambling beliefs and gambling addiction. Conclusions : It is necessary to take a proactive approach to minimize the negative effects of sports betting and to be aware of the rapidly changing sports gambling environment factors.

• 한국경영정보학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2007.06a
• /
• pp.473-478
• /
• 2007

As customers' participation in B2C e-commerce increases, customers are getting more involved in the delivery of services, which may even go beyond the completion of service transactions. To examine such proactive extra-role online customer behavior, we delve into organizational citizenship behavior framework, which has been recently extended to examine customer citizenship behavior (CCB) in the service market area. Although CCB is vital for online retailing success, MIS and e-commerce research efforts have generally focused on the customer's customer coproduction that are customer in-role behaviors. Moreover, although the effect of information created by anonymous strangers on other customers increase, interpersonal trust research have focused on only the relationship between a seller and a customer. Therefore, this study attempts to answer two research questions: What are motivational factors that affect CCB? How differently do the two kinds of interpersonal trusts (trust in online retailer and trust in customers) influence customers?

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.35 no.7
• /
• pp.581-588
• /
• 2011

Globalization of production, changing technology in ocean shipping sector, shifting bargaining power from port service provider to port users, changing distribution patterns of the containerization and new implementation for the environment and safety concerns introduced new ways of administration in port sector. In these days, port industries cannot survive alone. Port operation and management has to be proactive to cooperate and integrate with other port operators or other industries. In the 21st century, cooperation in maritime sector is more common than that in the past with several different reasons in a mixture of forms of cooperation. Cooperation among port authorities, port operators, shipping line, inland transport service providers and/or related organizations themselves becomes to exist to overcome the challenges and development of the global transport chain. This paper investigates the concept of port cooperation and the case analysis of the cooperation in the port industry.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
• /
• v.8 no.12
• /
• pp.1638-1648
• /
• 2005

The SEM approach to PKl offers several advantages, such as immediate revocation of users' signing ability without CRLs and compatibility with the standard RSA. However, it has a weakness against denial of service attack caused by breaking down or being compromised. G. Vanrenen et al. proposed a distributed SEM approach to overcome the weaknesses. However, it does not provide the desirable properties such as instant availability and immunity against denial of service attack, due to inadequate usage of threshold cryptography and proactive secret sharing. In this paper, we point out its structural contradictions and propose a modified version of distributed SEM approach.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
• /
• v.28
• /
• pp.167-191
• /
• 1995

The school library standards. a guideline encouraging the reasonable library administration for school education that began with early quantity in 1920, has been changed as an information power in 1988 after 7th revision. The school library is highlighted as a gear of education process and the center of education change. The major summary is as follows: First. the name of librarian has been changed from teacher's librarian to school library media specialist that executes as a leader for participating in plan. performance and development of instruction. Second. the type of material has been changed from book to electronic media. Also, the number of book per capital has been increased from 6-8(1920) to 23-28(1988) Finally, the function of school library has been changed from space service into proactive service which is playing the role of the heart of school education process based on information skill.

• Proceedings of the Korea Inteligent Information System Society Conference
• /
• 2004.11a
• /
• pp.242-248
• /
• 2004

Personalized reminder systems have to identify the user's current needs dynamically and proactively based on the user's current context. However, need identification methodologies and their feasible architectures for personalized reminder systems have so far been rare. Hence, this paper aims to propose a proactive need identification mechanism by applying agent and semantic web technologies and RFID-based context subsystem for a personalized reminder system, which is one of the supporting systems for a robust ubiquitous service support environment. We have created a prototype system, RFID-based NAMA (Need Aware Multi-Agent), to demonstrate the feasibility of the methodology and of the mobile settings framework that we propose in this paper. NAMA considers the context, user profile with preferences, and information about currently available services, to discover the user's current needs and then link the user to a set of services, which are implemented as web services.

• Proceedings of the Korea Inteligent Information System Society Conference
• /
• 2005.11a
• /
• pp.359-368
• /
• 2005

Personalized reminder systems have to identify the user's current needs dynamically and proactively based on the user's current context. However, need identification methodologies and their feasible architectures for personalized reminder systems have been so far rare. Hence, this paper aims to propose a proactive need awaring mechanism by applying agent, semantic web technologies and RFID-based context subsystem for a personalized reminder system, which is one of the supporting systems for a robust ubiquitous service support environment. Rescorla-Wagner model is adopted as an underlying need awaring theory. We have created a prototype system. called NAMA(Need Aware Muiti-Agent)-RFID. to demonstrate the feasibility of the methodology and of the mobile settings framework that we propose in this paper Moreover, to test if the proposed system works in terms of scalability, a simulation was performed and the results are described.