• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.55-83
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• 2007

This paper examines the welfare aspects of loan-based self-insurance against unemployment, and discusses the scope of government intervention in its provision. This paper deals with these issues in a model where the individuals may experience unemployment shocks frequently to leave little savings for retirement, so that the government may have to provide them with unemployment and retirement insurance benefits during their unemployment and retirement, respectively. We identify the two interesting features in the model: the externality that the self-insurance exerts, upon other social insurances, and the incentive of private sector to provide loans that exerts the externality upon other social insurances. In particular, this paper shows that, although the inefficiency associated with private loan warrants the government provision of loans to unemployed workers, the over-incentive of the private sector to offer loans may reduce the scope of the government intervention. This paper also shows that, unless the inefficiency associated with private loans is high, the private incentive for loans would reduce welfare because of the externality generated by private loans.

• Korea Real Estate Review
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.53-64
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• 2018

OECD countries have been stimulating private pensions instead of public pensions because the financial stability of public pensions has been threatened by the aging population. Korea, which has the fastest aging population in the world, has been following the recommended policies of major countries. Unlike major economies, however, most of Korea's household assets are composed of real estate assets. Due to the economic and social importance of real estate assets in Korea, the wealth effect of real estate has been used as a major tool in macroeconomic policy. This study analyzed the effect of real estate value changes on the contribution of private pensions (personal pension + retirement pension). Utilizing a two-way, fixed effect model with the balanced panel data of the National Survey of Tax and Benefit, empirical results presented that the private pension contribution increased by 0.171% when the value of real estate increased by 1%. Thus, real estate value changes were analyzed as positive for retirement preparation through private pension. These results suggested that if the real estate market would shrink in the future, consumption would decrease, and the degree of preparation for retirement might be smaller.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.1-38
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• 2013

This study investigates the welfare implications of BTL projects using a general equilibrium model with the public sector and public-private partnerships. We show that when the government is not allowed to run budget deficits but private firms is able to overcome the financial constraint, BTL projects performed by public-private partnerships (PPPs) could be a good alternative and improve the welfare of the model economy. This paper quantitatively investigates excessive expansion of PPP projects and several alternatives to retrieve welfare losses caused by such an expansion. Assuming that future rents of BTL projects are not taken into account, we find the welfare losses up to 20 percent relative to conventional government projects. Finally, we show that it would be possible to reduce the losses by transforming the fully depreciated capital stock of the government projects into much smaller new PPP projects.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.235-245
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• 2020

The study seeks to identify factors affecting the choice of a university by first-year Business Administration students in Vietnam. Probability sampling is using Stratified sampling of 500 students from five private universities in Ho Chi Minh City surveyed by convenience sampling. This paper employs mixed research methods - measuring Cronbach's Alpha, EFA, Regression and using PATH model - to test the hypotheses of the research model. The results of the study identify five factors: Prestige, Geographical location, Facilities, Attractiveness of the field and Media. All these factors have a positive influence on the standing of the university brand. It means that the higher the Prestige, Geographical location, Facilities, Attractiveness of the field and Media, the higher the university brand. The results indicate that Geographical location is the most influential factor to enhance the private university's brand. Bringing Geographical location is, thus, advisable to enhance a university standing. The brand plays a determining role in students' trust when selecting a university. Media is still the top concern of new students when they choose to study at a university. Media still remains an important consideration for new students when choosing a university. So, this factor should be utilized by universities to enhance their attractiveness.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.30-48
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• 2016

The study tested a hybrid model with constructs drawn from the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) theory in order to examine the moderating effect of productivity and relative advantage (RA) on perceived usefulness (PU) vis-à-vis electronic information resources (EIR) adoption in private university libraries in Ogun and Osun States of Nigeria. The descriptive research design was adopted in the study. The population consisted of 61 (55.0%) librarians and 50 (45.0%) library officers (totaling 116—100%) in Babcock University, Bells University, Covenant University, Bowen University, Oduduwa University, and Redeemer's University. Purposive sampling procedure was adopted after which total enumeration was used since the total population is small. The questionnaire was used for data collection. Of the 116 copies of the questionnaire administered, 111 (95.7%) were found usable. The instrument was structured based on a 4-point Likert agreement scale of Strongly Agree, Agree, Disagree, and Strongly Disagree. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics like tables of frequency counts and percentage. The findings revealed that productivity and relative advantage are significant moderators of perceived usefulness of EIR adoption in private university libraries in Ogun and Osun States, Nigeria.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.69-79
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• 2022

The purpose of the study is to look into the likelihood of private sector enterprises going bankrupt due to COVID-19 pandemic-related issues. The data for this study was taken from the World Bank's Enterprise Survey, which was intended to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the business sector. This study uses the Ordinal Logit Method to analyze the model with dependent variables having ordinal values. The determinants reflect business performance, innovation, business relationships, and government support. According to the estimation results, a lower probability of business closures, illiquidity, and payment delays are found in businesses that maintain sales growth, operating hours, temporary workers, product portfolio, consumer demand, and input supply. Meanwhile, the increase in online business activities and receiving support from financial institutions and the government do not help businesses reduce the risk. Moreover, higher survival is found in manufacturing and developing countries. This implies the fragility of businesses in the retail and service sectors, especially for mega-enterprises in developed countries. In addition, the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on businesses in Europe and West Asia is less severe than in other regions. The results imply policies to support the private sector during the pandemic, such as increasing labor market flexibility or rapidly implementing supportive policies.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.23-36
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• 2005

The main obstacle hindering the wide deployment of identity-based cryptosystem is that the entity responsible for creating the private key has too much power. As a result, private keys are no longer private. One obvious solution to this problem is to apply the threshold technique. However, this increases the authentication computation, and communication cost during the key issuing phase. In this paper, we propose a new effi ient model for issuing multiple private keys in identity-based encryption schemes based on the Weil pairing that also alleviates the key escrow problem. In our system, the private key of a user is divided into two components, KGK (Key Description Key) and KUD(Key Usage Desscriptor), which are issued separately by different parties. The KGK is issued in a threshold manner by KIC (Key Issuing Center), whereas the KW is issued by a single authority called KUM (Key Usage Manager). Changing KW results in a different private key. As a result, a user can efficiently obtain a new private key by interacting with KUM. We can also adapt Gentry's time-slot based private key revocation approach to our scheme more efficiently than others. We also show the security of the system and its efficiency by analyzing the existing systems.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.80-95
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• 1997

It has been an issue in the field of hospital management to develope a systematic and comprehensive analysis frame for financial position. This study developed a return on equity(ROE) model that includes the components of financial profitability, activity, stability and growth with reference to that developed in the USA The application of the model was attempted to assess its feasibility using data collected from a general hospital that has long been in the red. The hospital's financial ratio were compared to those of another private hospital in the black and also to the average ratios values of the similar bed-sized hospitals. Factors that cause the financial deficit and the strategies that can help to reorient the management's financial decision-making together with requisite conditions for effective use of the model, were identified. This study concludes that the ROE model can be usefull when effective financial strategies of the private hospitals are to be formulated.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.38A no.12
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• pp.1021-1029
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• 2013

In this paper, we propose a new indoor location estimation method which combines the fingerprint technique with the propagation prediction model. The wireless LAN (WLAN) access points (APs) deployed indoors are divided into public APs and private APs. While the fingerprint method can be easily used to public APs usually installed in fixed location, it is difficult to apply the fingerprint scheme to private APs whose location can be freely changed. In the proposed approach, the accuracy of user location estimation is improved by simultaneously utilizing public and private APs. Specifically, the fingerprint method is used to the received signals from public APs and the propagation prediction model is employed to the signals from private APs. The performance of the proposed method is compared with that of conventional indoor location estimation schemes through measurements and numerical simulations in WLAN environments.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.233-250
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• 2008

This paper aims to analyze the characteristics of BTL, and to propose the effective models connecting BTL and project finance, through the analysis of current state and case study of BTL. The main results of this study are as follows. Firstly, BTL business have been increasing fast, and most of projects are middle size projects below 100 billion Won. Nextly, key suggestions for improving BTL business model are analyzed, which are, first, risk allocation between public and private interests, second, improvement of method for selecting private investment consortium, and third, alleviation of long-term burden of local finance. Finally, effective models for connecting BTL and project finance, which are, first, model for using asset backed securities, second, model for dividing project corporations into construction corporation and operation corporation, and third, model for risk allocation between public and private interests.