• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.57-77
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• 2004

The meaning of seaport has always been translated into something concerned with nation-wide goals and viewpoints, which used to be in developing country. The time developing countries have tried to be in pursuit of their economic development, one of important sectors is SOC investment that is needed into huge capital input which they couldn't easily afford to it. Another one which we have to mention in terms of seaport at contemporary maritime matters is privatization of port, that is strongly connected with efficiency to achieve port productivity. All these factors can produce high quality of service, and port co-operation and diversification of their business areas, etc. Therefore we then have to think of private port management companies such as P&O Ports, Hutchison Whampoa in HK, etc. in order to provide better port service to the customers, and they can also get involved into capital port investment as well. This kind of concept already comes from Denholm Ship management companies in shipping. So, it is necessary for us to look into port management company in our side, which means, we have to be involved into such a business to invest and manage foreign ports as well as our ports. Then, port competitiveness will follow in our ports.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.11-22
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• 2003

This landscape design proposal was presented to a design competition for the Incheon-city Southern Region Integrated Disposal Treatment Facility. The site is located in Dongchun-dong, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon. The main design concepts are as follows: First, considering connection of the site with surrounding water, inner sea is designed as an environmentally friendly place and as a leisure-sports theme park in which several sports facilities and relaxing places are arranged. It is also designed for everyone: people of all ages, disabled, workers, visitors and local residents. The design was processed on the basis of survey, analysis of surrounding competing facilities and SWOT analysis. Second, the ecological planting model was developed by analyzing the natural vegetation map in the surrounding area and planted vegetation types in the seaside reclamation area. The model was then applied to the ecological community, park area and roadside trees, so as to harmonize with the local habitat. Third, the project is intended to launch private capital for managing the sports park and golf course. This will enable a entrepreneur to make flexible plans for golf training field that is expected to yield a good financial return. It is expected that this design would serve the local residents as a symbolic, environmentally friendly leisure-sports theme park.

• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.13-26
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• 2019

This paper aims to empirically examine the short-run and long-run aggregate demand for the US imports using quarterly economic data for the period 2000-2018 including aggregate imports, final expenditure components, gross fixed capital formation and relative price of imports. According to the results of both multivariate co-integration analysis and error correction model, the above variables are all cointegrated and significant differences are found to exist among the long-run partial elasticities of imports as regards different macro components of final expenditure. Partial elasticities with respect to government expenditure, gross fixed capital formation, exports and relative price of import are found to be positive while imports seems to respond negatively to changes in private consumption, implying that an increase in private consumption could result in a significant reduction in demand for imports in the long run. With regard to the relative import prices, the results appear to indicate a relatively insignificant influence on the aggregate imports in the US in the long run. However, an error correction model designed for predicting the short-term variability shows that only exports have an impact on the imports in the short run.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.19-39
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• 2007

기존의 항만개발방식은 관리청 주도하에 비관리청사업과 민간투자사업이 중심을 이루었다. 그러나 항만공사체제가 등장하면서 이들 상호간에 역할 및 기능분담체계를 명확히 정리하고 기존의 항만개발방식과 더불어 항만공사가 효율적으로 민간자본을 활용할 수 있는 방안을 모색해야 한다. 이에 따라 항만시설의 개발 및 관리 운영에 관한 업무의 전문성과 효율성을 제고하기 위하여 항만공사를 단일 창구로 하는 항만개발사업을 수행하고 항만개발방식의 시설공사를 항만공사로 이관하여 종합적인 관리기반을 구축하는 것이 필요하다. 이를 위하여 해양수산부가 민간자본활용 방식을 항만법과 민간투자법에 의한 방식으로 구분하듯이 항만공사가 항만법 원용방식과 민간투자법 원용방식을 통하여 민간자본을 활용한다면 항만공사는 독립채산제에 의한 운영이 가능하고 불필요한 절차 없이 항만시설을 소유할 수 있다. 또한 항만법 민자방식의 시설공사에서 해양수산부가 민간사업자에게 시달한 사업허가서를 실시협약으로 전환하고 민간투자법 민자방식의 시설공사에서는 실시협약의 당사자를 해양수산부에서 항만공사로 점진적으로 전환하는 것이 필요하다.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.137-154
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• 2023

본 연구의 목적은 도시재생사업의 효과적인 추진과 사업구조 구축을 위해, 거버넌스의 관점에서 민관 파트너십의 활용 방안을 모색하는 것이다. 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째로, 거버넌스의 관점에서 본 도시재생사업에서의 민관 파트너십 유형은 중앙정부 주도형, 지방정부 주도형, 민간사업자 주도형, 지역주민·커뮤니티조직 주도형으로 분류할 수 있다. 둘째로, 해외사례 분석을 통해 선진국들은 다양한 민관 파트너십의 구성을 통해 도시재생사업을 효과적으로 추진하고 있음이 확인된다. 셋째로, 국내의 도시재생사업에서 민관 파트너십 활용 방안으로, 도시재생사업의 유형과 규모의 다양화 방안 마련, 다양한 민관 파트너십 활용을 위한 제도설계 마련, 다양한 민간참여의 활용을 위한 교차보조 방식의 활용, 투명하고 효과적인 민관 파트너십에 필요한 사회적 자본의 형성 방안 마련을 제안하였다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.67-79
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• 2019

This study examines the impact of corporate governance on capital structure decisions based on a large panel of Chinese listed firms. Using the system Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimator to control for unobserved heterogeneity, endogeneity, and persistency in capital structure decisions, we document that the ownership structure plays a significant role in determining leverage ratios. More specially, we find that managerial ownership has a positive and significant impact on firms' leverage, consistent with the incentive alignment hypothesis. We also find that managerial ownership only affects the leverage decisions of private firms in the post-2005 split share reform period. State ownership negatively influence leverage decisions implying that SOEs may face fewer restrictions in equity issuance and may receive favourable treatments when applying for seasoned equity ¿nancing, thus use less debt. Furthermore, our results show that while foreign ownership negatively influences leverage decisions, legal person shareholding positively influences firms' leverage decisions only for state controlled firms. We also find that the board structure variables (board size and the proportion of independent directors) do not influence firms' capital structure decisions. Our findings suggest that recent ownership reforms have been successful in terms of providing incentive to managers through managerial shareholdings to take risky financial choices.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.275-281
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• 2015

Objective: To assess the accuracy of anterior tooth movement using clear aligners in integrated three-dimensional digital models. Methods: Cone-beam computed tomography was performed before and after treatment with clear aligners in 32 patients. Plaster casts were laser-scanned for virtual setup and aligner fabrication. Differences in predicted and achieved root and crown positions of anterior teeth were compared on superimposed maxillofacial digital images and virtual models and analyzed by Student's t-test. Results: The mean discrepancies in maxillary and mandibular crown positions were $0.376{\pm}0.041mm$ and $0.398{\pm}0.037mm$, respectively. Maxillary and mandibular root positions differed by $2.062{\pm}0.128mm$ and $1.941{\pm}0.154mm$, respectively. Conclusions: Crowns but not roots of anterior teeth can be moved to designated positions using clear aligners, because these appliances cause tooth movement by tilting motion.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.198-206
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• 2021

Based on the results of the survey and analysis of this study, we suggested a plan to activate the use of Capital Area Public Charnel Facilities as follows. First, the elderly population in Korea increased from 11.9% in 2013 to 16.4% in 2020, and the number of deaths also increased from 266,257 in 2013 to 305,127 in 2020. The supply of Public Charnel Facilities should be expanded, reflecting the cremation demand in the future and condition for the supply and increasing demand of Public Charnel Facilities after cremation, due to an increase of 14.6%. Second, it is urgent to expand the supply because the available period of using Capital Area Public Charnel Facilities is a short period of at least one year up to five years. However, as it is difficult to build Public Charnel Facilities due to location conflicts with local residents, joint construction plans between local governments should be promoted along with renting Private Charnel Facilities. Third, the enshrinement number ratio of the Public Charnel Facilities to the total cremation number of Capital Area Public Cremation Facilities is 16.3%, which is low. Therefore, when building Public Charnel Facilities, improvement plans for the use of public funeral facilities, such as modernization and promotion of facility level, quality improvement of service level, and creation of a pleasant environment, should be actively promoted.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.319-329
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• 2021

The study examines the impact of bank-level factors like non-performing assets, capital adequacy, and insolvency risk on bank performance. This study employs a quantitative method with panel data regression. The data was taken from the annual financial statements of state-owned commercial banks and private commercial banks in Indonesia from 2015 to 2019 using a purposive sampling method with a total sample of 470 observations. The result of the study shows that non-performing assets (NPA) have a significant negative impact on bank performance. Capital adequacy has a significant negative impact on bank performance. Insolvency risk for a bank means it cannot repay its depositors because its liabilities are greater than its assets; therefore, it has a significant impact on bank performance. This study is expected to help banks to understand how to manage the risks they face and to maintain their performance. This study uses 'size' and 'age of bank' as control variables and for credit risk and insolvency risk, Z-Score is used.

• 한국노년학
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.855-870
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 한국 베이비붐 세대의 미래 사건에 대한 주관적 기대가 자산축적에 미친 효과를 분위회귀분석(quantile regression)을 통해 살펴보았다. 한국고령화패널 1, 2차년도(2006, 2008년) 자료를 이용하여 자산 결정요인을 추정한 결과, 학력, 성별, 자녀수는 어떤 분위에서도 유의한 결정요인이었다. 특히, 학력과 자녀수는 상위 분위로 갈수록 총자산의 격차를 확대시키는 방향으로 증가하였다. 미래 사건에 대한 주관적 기대의 경우, 증여에 대한 기대가 높을수록, 좀 더 긴 수명을 기대할수록, 베이비붐 세대는 좀 더 많은 자산축적을 하고 있는 것으로 추정되었다. 한편 노후 생활에 대한 국가의 보장 정도가 개인의 자산축적을 구축하는 정도는 총자산 하위 분위 보다는 상위 분위에서 증가하였으며, 상위 분위의 효과는 통계적으로도 유의하였다.