• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.9-16
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• 2021

Purpose: Carbon emissions have now become a major concern around the world, especially for the government and private sector. Unfortunately, in Indonesia, disclosure related to company carbon emissions is still done voluntarily. This research aims to provide empirical evidence on the effect of environmental performance, carbon emission disclosure, and carbon emission intensity on the cost of equity capital. Research design, data, and methodology: This research uses secondary data with a sample consisting of Indonesia companies that are sensitive to the environment and listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2017-2019. The analytical tool used in this research was multiple regression models. Result: The study found a carbon emission disclosure had a significant positive effect on the cost of equity capital. Carbon emission intensity and company size had a significant negative effect on the cost of equity capital. Meanwhile, environmental performance did not have a significant effect on the cost of equity capital. Conclusion: Therefore, the results of this research are expected to provide feedback to the company's stakeholders that environmental performance and carbon emissions are some of the points seen by investors in making investment decisions.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.345-349
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• 2022

This study focused on verifying the moderating effect of Zhongyong thinking in the relationship between performance pressure and positive psychology capital. In particular, the main effects of mitigating negative effects through the Zhongyong of Oriental classics were examined. A survey was conducted on employees of local public institutions and private enterprises engaged in manufacturing and service industries. This study was used for analysis a survey on data 239 employees. The major finding are as follows. Performance pressure was found to have a negative effect on positive psychological capital. Also, Zhongyong thinking was found to have a moderating effect that alleviated the negative impact between performance pressure and positive psychological capital. In the conclusion, practical implications, and future research directions were described.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.52-65
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• 2001

Between 1985 and 1997 the diffusion of private passenger cars first occurred in major cities such as Seoul, Busan, Daegu and the satellite cities of the capital city that enjoyed high incomes and advanced service industries and then it gradually expanded to industrial and major provincial cities while posting a downturn in the major cities. Factor contrbuting to this phenomenon most significantly was the rate of employment in the financial insurance, real estate, and business service sectors in 1985 and 1990. The most ingluential factor in 1997 was the rate of employment in agriculture, hunting, forestry, and fishery. When measured against 1991 as a yardstick, the spatiotemporal ditribution rate of private passenger cars was highly between 1985 and 1990 in Seoul's satellite cities and major regional cities, showing a large inter-regional gap in terms of diffusion rate. The period from 1991 to 1997 showed a high rate of diffusion in cities within the capital region as well as in major regional cities, but inter-regional diffusion rate became similar. Key factors responsible for regional types of the diffusion were {1}the rate of employment in the service industrier and income in the major citier, and (2)the geogtaphic distamce between counties and Seoul plus the size of population in the county regions.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.27-42
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• 2005

Recently the demand for civil security and security guards shows rapid growth. However the supply and training system have some limitations. Educational and training systems for civil body and security guards are in the basic level and private organizations trained the professional work force. So this paper is showing what a social dominant factor and a divice of development of the private security. Capitalism is based on a material desire of the human being. the social control of capital value and the management of capital ability reflects the actual condition of the capitalism well. The unconstrained growing and the expansion of capitalism, it finally lost social meaning and an importance of human being element and the safety of the civilian life, began to threat the security of citizen by forming over the material center structure of society. Improving human life quality and material richness on their life leads positive factor of capitalism whereas is causing several crimes through the society which is being threatened around a human being life for a negative factor of the capitalism. Therefore capitalistic social system has offered both a positive factor 'growing' and 'richness' and that of a negative 'structural poverty' and 'lack of security' and they have been remaining the assignment of capitalism 'poverty' and 'security' by settlement in the society for a extremely phenomenon of both sides. In Korea because their recognition of the study approach and the social safety for social security control function is still staying first step and our daily life is annoying from various threat of the society. many studies and the realistic necessity of experience related with social security is being studied. In addition. The development possibility of the civil guard and defense at the civil field which will be keep the social security has a wide position but its study approach and realistic comprehension is still in insufficient condition.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.7 no.4 s.32
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• pp.118-125
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• 2006

The Korean government is encouraging positively PIP(private infrastructure project) to relieve financial burden and get the facilities in time. The portion of the PIP has grown rapidly into 15% of the whole SOC(Social Overhead Capital) projects. It is estimated that the growth will continue for the present. However, there are still rising problems on efficiency of the project and productivity, properness of the project scale are pointed against surprising growth. In this study, we analyze underlying problems of private infrastructure investment project and suggest CM Models to relieve the problems. To verify the validity of the suggested models, a survey has been conducted through questionnaires and analyzed the taste of the stakeholder. The owner-support Model is chosen as the practical model to apply in time. By applying the suggested model to PIP, it is possible to enhance the efficiency and productivity of the project.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.343-354
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to contribute to an understanding of the policy instruments used by the public sector to ensure cooperation with the private sector in the delivery of space policy. Despite the importance of public and private partnership in recent years, there has been a lack of research on policy instruments. This study categorized 16 policy instruments into 4 types: purchase contracts, capital subsidies, research and development support and input subsidies. In addition, 5 cases of public private partnership in the United State, Europe and Japan were studied to explore policy implications to strength industrial competition.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.109-128
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• 2022

The new administrative capital construction project is an important national project implemented to relocate the national administrative capital, and the records produced during the construction have high historical value. However, Korea's management of these records related to the construction of the new administrative capital is insufficient; thus, finding a management plan is necessary. In contrast, Brazil is a country that collects, builds, and maintains both public and private records produced during the construction of Brasilia, the new administrative capital. Thus, Arquivo Publico do Distrito Federal (ArPDF), the Brazilian records management organization established to manage Brasilia's construction records, was selected as the case analysis subject in this study. By analyzing ArPDF's website and official publications, this study investigated the overall matters related to the management of new administrative capital construction records and derived implications applicable to the management of new administrative capital construction records in Korea.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.317-323
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• 2007

As economic trade between Korea and China has been encouraged with the rapid growth of Chinese economy and port competition in Northeast Asia, Korean government is trying to promote development and consolidation of ports to cope with the lack of facilities. Thus, many projects for port development have been propelled including the enactment the 'Private investment promotion law for social overhead capital 1994.' However, there are still some unsettled issues since considerable part of risk is still allocated to the Government when it has to support the private businesses in these port investments whenever unexpected problems arise. Allocation of risk among the participants - in this case especially - is a very subtle issue, however, it was revealed that not many precedent researches were done on the subject. In my previous research, I classified and analyzed 4 principle risks i.e, construction, management, financial and social risk. This research investigates the reasonable allocation of the risks among the participants using the Hierarchial Fuzzy Process. In the result of analysis, responsibility of private party is the most important and it must put the responsibility before Government' roll concerned. Also, this research displayed and proposed the direction of management method on port development in a view of minimizing risk and maximizing initiative of a private party.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.89-99
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• 1986

The study attempts to estimate and evaluate the rates of return on graduate degree holders who major in science and engineering. The model of this study adopts the rate of return method considering unemployment as well as mortality rate. The data are collected by questionnaires and interviews. The results show that the social rate of return(SROR) of bachelors is lower than the rate of return on investment in physical capital which is assumed as a decision criterion of public investment in Korea, but the SROR of Ph.D. holders is balanced. The results also show that the private rates of return (PROR) of all the levels in postgraduate science and engineering education are higher than the private discount rate which is a decision criterion of private investment in Korea. It also indicates that the PROR on investment in graduate education is not likely higher than the SROR because an individual bears high share of the educational costs.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.124-131
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• 2011

Public infrastructure is crucial to promote and sustain a sustainable economic growth and a health community. A large amount of capital investment is generally required in infrastructure projects that motivate the involvement of the private sector in the delivery process. Various relationship-based procurement methods have been attempted to maximize value-for-money. In this paper, the problems and challenges that relationship-based procurement methods have been facing are explored. A particular focus is placed on the challenges for the public-private partnership (PPP) model. Possible strategies for adapting the PPP models in the post-Global Financial Crisis era are proposed and discussed. In addition, the challenges facing alliancing, which is one of the other important relationship-based procurement methods, are also examined. Views on infrastructure procurement in the future were sought from industry professionals via interviews and are reported in this paper as well.