• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.123-127
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• 1976

It is recognized not only by the health experts but also by the public that venereal diseases are remarkably increasing in these days. Therefore, every available measure for declining of the diseases are planned and implemented through case-finding, diagnosis, treatment, education and research. The author intended to compare and analyse infection rates of venereal diseases between reporting from the Ministry of Health and author's private V.D. clinic during 1961-1971. The following results are obtained through the study: 1. According to the report of the Ministry of Health, 45.0% of total examinees were sick with gonorrhea and 6.5% with syphilis, in one hand, on the other hand 78.7% with gonorrhea and 16.3% with syphilis at the author's clinic. 2. By both the report of the ministry and author, highest infection rates were found in 1966-1968, and this fact was considered by the higher infection rate of G.I. in same years. 3. Contrarily, the lowest infection rates were found out in 1970-1971 through both reports.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.139-150
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• 2021

Object orientation has become the predominant paradigm for conceptual modeling (e.g., UML), where the notions of class and object form the primitive building blocks of thought. Classes act as templates for objects that have attributes and methods (actions). The modeled systems are not even necessarily software systems: They can be human and artificial systems of many different kinds (e.g., teaching and learning systems). The UML class diagram is described as a central component of model-driven software development. It is the most common diagram in object-oriented models and used to model the static design view of a system. Objects both carry data and execute actions. According to some authorities in modeling, a certain degree of difficulty exists in understanding the semantics of these notions in UML class diagrams. Some researchers claim class diagrams have limited use for conceptual analysis and that they are best used for logical design. Performing conceptual analysis should not concern the ways facts are grouped into structures. Whether a fact will end up in the design as an attribute is not a conceptual issue. UML leads to drilling down into physical design details (e.g., private/public attributes, encapsulated operations, and navigating direction of an association). This paper is a venture to further the understanding of object-orientated concepts as exemplified in UML with the aim of developing a broad comprehension of conceptual modeling fundamentals. Thinging machine (TM) modeling is a new modeling language employed in such an undertaking. TM modeling interlaces structure (components) and actionality where actions infiltrate the attributes as much as the classes. Although space limitations affect some aspects of the class diagram, the concluding assessment of this study reveals the class description is a kind of shorthand for a richer sematic TM construct.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.229-237
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and hangover cure effects of compound prescription containing Phyllanthus emblica and Azadirachta Indica leaf extract (CP). In vitro experiments, HepG2 cells were induced oxidative stress by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and treated with CP at 50, 100, 200 ㎍/㎖ concentration. Antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalse (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) activity and glutathione (GSH) content were decreased by hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress, but CP was increased that. In vivo experiments, experiment rats were orally administered alcohol 3 g/kg and, after 30 min administered CP 200 mg/kg. After 1 and 3 h of alcohol administration, blood was collected from the tail vein, while after 5 h, blood was collected from the heart. CP modulates alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and acetaldehyde level, thereby decreased alcohol level in serum. Also, CP decreased the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). These results suggest that CP has antioxidant effects and alleviates alcohol hangover symptoms.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.236-250
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• 2018

Purpose: Resorption of the alveolar bone is an unavoidable consequence of tooth extraction when appropriate alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) measures are not taken. The objective of this trial was to test the hypothesis that dimensional changes in the alveolar bone after tooth extraction would be reduced by inserting an equine collagen membrane and a collagen cone to fill and seal the alveolus (as ARP), in comparison to extraction with untreated alveoli. Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 31 patients were directly treated with the collagen material after extraction of a tooth from the maxilla (the ARP group). Twenty-nine patients served as the control group. After extraction, no further treatment (i.e., no socket preservation measures) was performed in the control group. Changes in the alveolar process immediately after extraction and after an 8 (${\pm}1$)-week healing period were evaluated 3-dimensionally. Blinded analyses were performed after superimposing the data from the digitalized impressions and surfaces generated by cone-beam computed tomography. Results: Both the ARP and control groups showed a reduction of bone in the alveolar area after tooth extraction. However, significantly less bone resorption was detected in the clinically relevant buccal region in the ARP group. The median bone reduction was 1.18 mm in the ARP group and 5.06 mm in the control group (P=0.03). Conclusions: The proposed hypothesis that inserting a combination material comprising a collagen cone and membrane would lead to a difference in alveolar bone preservation can be accepted for the clinically relevant buccal distance. In this area, implantation of the collagen material led to significantly less alveolar bone resorption. German Clinical Trials Register at www.drks.de, DRKS00004769.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.89-96
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the long-term stability of rapid palatal expansion (RPE) followed by full fixed edgewise appliances. Methods: This study included 67 patients treated using Haas-type RPE and non-extraction edgewise appliance therapy at a single orthodontic practice. Serial dental casts were obtained at three different time points: pretreatment ($T_1$), after expansion and fixed appliance therapy ($T_2$), and at long-term recall ($T_3$). The mean duration of the $T_1-T_2$ and $T_2-T_3$ periods was $4.8{\pm}3.5years$ and $11.0{\pm}5.4years$, respectively. The dental casts were digitized, and the computed measurements were compared with untreated reference data. Results: The majority of treatment-related increases in the maxillary and mandibular arch measurements were statistically significant (p < 0.05) and greater than expected for the untreated controls. Although many measurements decreased postretention ($T_2-T_3$), the net gains persisted for all of the measurements evaluated. Conclusions: The use of RPE therapy followed by full fixed edgewise appliances is an effective method for increasing maxillary and mandibular arch width dimensions in growing patients.

• Clinical Endoscopy
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2022

Background/Aims: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has modified the activities of endoscopy units worldwide. Herein, we investigated the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on anesthesiologist assistance for endoscopic procedures in Lombardy, Italy. Methods: A questionnaire concerning anesthesiologist assistance provided from October 26 to December 6, 2020, in comparison with the same period in 2019, was sent to endoscopic units in Lombardy. Results: Approximately 54% (34/63) of the units responded. A reduction in the number of all endoscopies (-33.5%; 18792 in 2020 vs. 28264 in 2019) and anesthesiologist-assisted endoscopies (-15.3%; 2652 in 2020 vs. 3132 in 2019) was reported. A greater reduction in anesthesiologist assistance was observed in government community units (-29.5%) than in academic (-14%) and private community units (-4.6%). Among all units, 85% reported a reduction in anesthesiologist assistance; 65% observed a delay/cancellation of procedures; 59%, a restricted patient selection; 17%, the need to transfer some patients to other hospitals; and 32%, a related worsening of procedure quality. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic compromised the anesthesiologist assistance for endoscopic procedures in Lombardy, which worsened the procedure quality mainly in government community units. The COVID-19 "stress test" suggests a more balanced allocation of anesthesiologic resources in the future.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.26-32
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• 2015

본 논문은 우리나라 성인남녀의 일상생활의 소화기 비치실태 및 인식을 설문조사를 통하여 파악하고, 이를 바탕으로 화재안전교육에서 소화기 부분에 대한 교육 방향 및 시사점을 찾고자 하는 목적으로 수행하였다. 설문분석 결과, 소화기 비치 현황에서 연구 대상자의 47.9%는 가정에서 소화기를 비치하고 있지 않은 것으로 나타난 반면 생활공간(학교, 직장 등)은 93.2%가 소화기를 비치하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 소화기 교육 경험에서 연구 대상자의 약 90%는 소화기 사용방법에 대한 교육 경험이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 현재 생활공간(학교, 직장 등)에서 정기적인 소방교육은 65.8%만이 실시되고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 최근 1년 동안 소화기 사용방법에 대한 교육을 한 번도 받지 못한 사람들은 42.5%인 것으로 나타났다. 소화기 지식분야에서 연구 대상자는 소화기 사용방법에 대해 평균 3.95점/5.00점의 점수를 보여 가장 높은 값을 보이고 있는 반면 ABC 소화기에 대한 의미에 대해서 평균 3.00점/5.00점으로 가장 낮은 값을 보이고 있었다. 연구대상자의 '가정에서의 소화기 비치 현황' 및 '현재 생활 영역에서 정기적 소방안전교육의 실시'는 '소화기 지식'에 유의미한 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다(p < .05). 더하여 연구대상자의 '최근 1년 동안 소화기 사용방법에 대한 교육 횟수'와 '소화기 지식'에 대한 연관성을 보기 위해서 ANOVA 분석을 실시하였고, 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 분석되었다(F = 30.45, p < .05).

• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.5-13
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• 2022

우리나라 남부와 서해 해안가를 중심으로 자생하고 있는 순비기나무는 자원 활용 측면에서 많은 활용 가치를 가지고 있다. 예로부터 민간에서 민간약재로 이용하거나 한약재로 사용되었다. 잎과 줄기에서도 강한 향이 나지만 열매에서도 강한 향이 나서 순비기나무 열매를 이용해 에센스오일을 추출하여 성분을 분석한 연구는 일부 있지만 하이드로졸을 추출하여 이에 대한 향기성분의 연구는 거의 없다. 이유는 열매가 딱딱하여 일반적인 추출방법으로는 함유된 유효 성분을 확인하는 것이 어렵기 때문이다. 따라서 본 연구는 추출방법을 달리하여 딱딱한 열매를 고온으로 추출하여 얻은 하이드로졸의 향에 함유된 성분을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 플라보노이드 함량이 가장 많은 추출조건은 ethanol로 30.57mg/g 이었고 다음으로 열수추출물로 18.26mg/g, 물 추출물이 가장 낮은 9.69mg/g이었다. 2. 순비기나무 열매를 증류추출한 결과 하이드로졸의 향기는 3-Methyl-2-butenoic acid, cyclobutyl ester, Eucalyptol, L-alpha-Terpineol, 1H-Cycloprop[e] azulen-7-ol, decahydro-1,1,7-trimethyl-4-methylene-, [1ar-(1a.alpha.,4a.alpha.,7.beta.,7a.beta.,7b. alpha.)]가 많은 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.206-215
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• 2020

본 연구는 대학생 핵심역량과 창의융합역량 및 코칭역량 간의 관계를 분석하는 데 목적을 두었다. G지역 사립대학에 재학 중인 대학생 344명을 대상으로 실시하였고, 대학생 핵심역량, 코칭역량, 창의융합역량에 관한 설문조사를 실시하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 22.0 프로그램을 사용하여 기초통계를 통해 일반적 경향을 살펴보았고, 관련성과 매개효과를 분석하기 위해 Pearson의 상관관계분석과 회귀분석 및 Sobel test를 실시하였다. 자료 분석 결과 첫째, 대학생 핵심역량, 코칭역량, 창의융합역량은 정규성 가정을 충족하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 대학생 핵심역량과 창의융합역량은 유의미한 정적 상관관계가 나타났다. 이는 핵심역량의 점수가 높을수록 창의융합역량이 높아진다고 볼 수 있다. 셋째, 코칭역량과 창의융합역량은 유의미한 정적 상관관계가 나타났다. 이는 코칭역량의 점수가 높을수록 창의융합역량이 높아진다고 볼 수 있다. 넷째, 핵심역량은 창의융합역량을 의미 있게 예측하는 변인으로 나타났으며, 코칭역량이 매개효과를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 창의융합역량을 강화하는 데 핵심역량과 코칭역량을 중요하게 고려해야 함을 알 수 있었고, 역량강화를 위한 비교과 프로그램 운영의 중요성을 제시하였다.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.163-167
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• 2012

Purpose: ANSI/ADA has established standards for adequate radiopacity. This study was aimed to assess the changes in radiopacity of composite resins according to various tube-target distances and exposure times. Materials and Methods: Five 1-mm thick samples of Filtek P60 and Clearfil composite resins were prepared and exposed with six tube-target distance/exposure time setups (i.e., 40 cm, 0.2 seconds; 30 cm, 0.2 seconds; 30 cm, 0.16 seconds, 30 cm, 0.12 seconds; 15 cm, 0.2 seconds; 15 cm, 0.12 seconds) performing at 70 kVp and 7 mA along with a 12-step aluminum stepwedge (1 mm incremental steps) using a PSP digital sensor. Thereafter, the radiopacities measured with Digora for Windows software 2.5 were converted to absorbencies (i.e., A=-log (1-G/255)), where A is the absorbency and G is the measured gray scale). Furthermore, the linear regression model of aluminum thickness and absorbency was developed and used to convert the radiopacity of dental materials to the equivalent aluminum thickness. In addition, all calculations were compared with those obtained from a modified 3-step stepwedge (i.e., using data for the 2nd, 5th, and 8th steps). Results: The radiopacities of the composite resins differed significantly with various setups (p<0.001) and between the materials (p<0.001). The best predicted model was obtained for the 30 cm 0.2 seconds setup ($R^2$=0.999). Data from the reduced modified stepwedge was remarkable and comparable with the 12-step stepwedge. Conclusion: Within the limits of the present study, our findings support that various setups might influence the radiopacity of dental materials on digital radiographs.