• 한국조경학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.71-80
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• 2005

In order to search for ecologically indicative characteristics on the street tree plots in Daegu area, plant communities and their floras were investigated. A total of 105 plots were collected and numerically analyzed by PCoA(Principal Coordinates Analysis). These plots were classified into 4 types containing 139 species, 97 genera, 42 families(including 37 exotic species): urban-dry type, urban-wet type, rural-dry type, rural-wet type. Habitat connectivity to the surrounding vegetation cover, extent and frequency of human impacts, and soil moisture recognizably were the main factors to allow the plots differentiation. Indicative species composition to these four types was generated as Eleusine indica-Eragrostis multicaulis-Oxalis corniculata to the urban-wet, Digitaria ciliaris-Eleusine indica-Eragrostis multicaulis to the urban-dry, Setaria viri-dis-Artemisia-Lactuca indica var. laciniata to the rural-wet, and Setaria viridis-Digitaria ciliaris-Erigeron canadensis to the rural-dry, respectively. Mean species number per plot for rural type was 2.5 times higher than for urban types. Street tree species representative to the rural-wet type is Zelkova serrata, which is a key species of potential natural vegetation in the alluvial land of Daegu area. Street tree plots were characterized by Eleusine indica showing the highest r-NCD value and also C4-assimilation grass plants. Views on the efficacy of the rural-wet type and the reinforcement of vegetation connectivity and soil moisture in rehabilitating street tree plots, are discussed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.467-476
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• 2019

Objective: This research was conducted to study the genetic diversity in several Indonesian cattle breeds using microsatellite markers to classify the Indonesian cattle breeds. Methods: A total of 229 DNA samples from of 10 cattle breeds were used in this study. The polymerase chain reaction process was conducted using 12 labeled primers. The size of allele was generated using the multiplex DNA fragment analysis. The POPGEN and CERVUS programs were used to obtain the observed number of alleles, effective number of alleles, observed heterozygosity value, expected heterozygosity value, allele frequency, genetic differentiation, the global heterozygote deficit among breeds, and the heterozygote deficit within the breed, gene flow, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and polymorphism information content values. The MEGA program was used to generate a dendrogram that illustrates the relationship among cattle population. Bayesian clustering assignments were analyzed using STRUCTURE program. The GENETIX program was used to perform the correspondence factorial analysis (CFA). The GENALEX program was used to perform the principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) and analysis of molecular variance. The principal component analysis (PCA) was performed using adegenet package of R program. Results: A total of 862 alleles were detected in this study. The INRA23 allele 205 is a specific allele candidate for the Sumba Ongole cattle, while the allele 219 is a specific allele candidate for Ongole Grade. This study revealed a very close genetic relationship between the Ongole Grade and Sumba Ongole cattle and between the Madura and Pasundan cattle. The results from the CFA, PCoA, and PCA analysis in this study provide scientific evidence regarding the genetic relationship between Banteng and Bali cattle. According to the genetic relationship, the Pesisir cattle were classified as Bos indicus cattle. Conclusion: All identified alleles in this study were able to classify the cattle population into three clusters i.e. Bos taurus cluster (Simmental Purebred, Simmental Crossbred, and Holstein Friesian cattle); Bos indicus cluster (Sumba Ongole, Ongole Grade, Madura, Pasundan, and Pesisir cattle); and Bos javanicus cluster (Banteng and Bali cattle).

• 미생물학회지
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.209-220
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• 2015

목질 섭식 곤충에 관한 장내 세균 군집의 연구를 이용한 lignocellulose의 분해는 생명 공학적 응용에 있어 큰 잠재력을 갖는다. 본 연구에서 목질 섭식 곤충의 장내 세균 군집은 16S rRNA 유전자를 기반으로 한 파이로시퀀싱 방법을 이용하여 분석되었다. 분석된 모든 곤충에서 중장보다 후장에서 OTU수, 종 풍부도, 다양성 지수가 높았다. 세균 문 또는 강 수준의 다양성을 분석한 결과, 흰개미를 제외한 곤충의 장내 군집에는 Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, ${\gamma}-Proteobacteria$가 우점하였다. PCoA (principal coordinates analysis)를 이용하여 세균의 군집 구조를 분석한 결과, 서식지보다는 곤충의 과별로 클러스터링 되는 경향이었다. CMC 분해 활성이 가장 높은 두 균주는 Bacillus toyonensis $BCT-7112^T$와 Lactococcus lactis subsp. hordniae $NCDO\;2181^T$과 유연관계가 높았다. 장 적출물의 섬유소 분해활성 실험 결과, 하늘소 후장에서 ${\beta}-1,4-glucosidase$, ${\beta}-1,4-endoglucanase$, ${\beta}-1,4-xylanase$의 효소활성이 가장 높았다. 본 연구에서는 목질 섭식 곤충의 장내에 다양하고 풍부한 세균이 서식하며, 섬유소를 분해하는 세균이 존재한다는 사실을 확인하였고, 이로부터 다양하고 유용한 섬유소 분해균을 분리할 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.68-76
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• 2015

화산섬 제주도 하천에는 버드나무류 (Salix spp.) 연목림 식생은 존재하지 않는다. 대신에 일부 하천 구간에서 유전적 고립개체군으로서 중대가리나무 식생이 발달한다. 그럼에도 획일적인 하천정비사업으로 중대가리나무의 현존 서식처 및 잠재 서식 공간이 크게 위협받고 있다. 본 연구는 중대가리나무 식생에 대한 군락분류 및 군락생태를 규명하였다. 중대가리나무가 분포하는 전역에 대하여 전통적인 식물사회학적 방법으로 전수조사를 실시하였다. 총 91개 지점에서 11개 식생조사표(phytosociological relev$\acute{e}$)를 획득하였고, 기발표 자료 (식생조사표 총 16개)를 수합하여 비교분석하였다. 종조성의 질적 양적 유의성 분석은 PCoA (Principal coordinates analysis)를 이용한 좌표결정을 수행했다. 본 연구에서는 산철쭉에 대한 군락분류 및 군락지리를 근거로 산철쭉-중대가리나무군집 (Adino-Rhododendretum poukhanensae Itow et al., 1993)을 폐기하고, 중대가리나무-교래잠자리피군집 (Tripogono-Adinetum rubellae ass. nova hoc loco), 중대가리나무군단 (Adinion rubella all. nova hoc loco)을 새로이 기재하였다. 본 단위식생은 제주도 서귀포생태역의 간헐천(間歇川, ephemeral stream) 물길구간내에서 지하수와 완전 격리된 하천식생형(partly ombrotrophic vegetation in ephemeral stream)으로 규정되었다. 한반도 내에서의 대응식생형으로 산철쭉군단 (Rhododendrion poukhanensae Lee, 2004 ex. hoc loco)을 기재하고, 갯버들-달뿌리풀군단 (Phragmito-Salicion)과의 명백한 상이성을 기재했다. 중대가리나무 식생은 제주도 고유의 식생자원으로 절대감시 1급 국가식생자원의 절대(absolute)감시 보존 대상으로 보호대책이 요청되었다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.322-330
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• 2016

Understanding the genetic variation among landrace collections is important for crop improvement and utilization of valuable genetic resources. The present study was carried out to analyse the genetic diversity and associated population structure of 621 foxtail millet accessions of Korean landraces using 22 EST-SSR markers. A total of 121 alleles were detected from all accessions with an average of 5.5 alleles per microsatellite locus. The average values of gene diversity, polymorphism information content, and expected heterozygosity were 0.518, 0.594, and 0.034, respectively. Following the unweighted neighbor-joining method with arithmetic mean based clustering using binary data of polymorphic markers, the genotypes were grouped into 3 clusters, and population structure analysis also separated into 3 populations. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) explained a variation of 13.88% and 10.99% by first and second coordinates, respectively. However, in PCoA analysis, clear population-level clusters could not be found. This pattern of distribution might be the result of gene flow via germplasm exchanges in nearby regions. The results indicate that these Korean landraces of foxtail millet exhibit a moderate level of diversity. This study demonstrated that molecular marker strategies could contribute to a better understanding of the genetic structure in foxtail millet germplasm, and provides potentially useful information for developing conservation and breeding strategies.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2005

아까시나무 우점림의 식생유형에 대한 분류와 분포양식 그리고 생태식물상적 특성을 규명하였다. 전통적인 식물사회학적 방법과 식생조사자료 및 식생유형간의 유사성 분석을 위하여 주좌표분석법(Principal Coordinates Analysis)과 상관 계수(correlation coefficient)가 이용되었다. 생태식물상의 분석에는 출현 식물종들의 특질(넌출형, 일이년생 생명환, 삼림식생요소, 체감도시화지수)이 이용되었다. 이러한 분석은 출현종의 상대기여도를 바탕으로 하는 입지-식생조사구 매트릭스의 식물군락표 및 군락합성표를 토대로 이루어졌다. 아까시나무 우점림은 총 77과 193속 323종으로 이루어져 있었으며, 아까시나무-닭의장풀군집(전형아군집, 떡갈나무아군집, 자귀나무아군집, 소나무아군집, 굴참나무아군집, 가중나무아군집), 아까시나무-갈대군락(전형하위군락, 띠하위군락)으로 분류되었으며, 크게 네 가지 식생형(도시형, 농촌형, 하천형, 복합형)으로 구분되었다. 아까시나무-닭의장풀군집은 졸참나무-작살나무아군단의 냉온대 남부 저산지대의 아까시나무 조림식생을 대표하는 식생단위이며, 아까시나무-갈대군락은 하천(정수역)형으로 기재되었다. 가중나무아군집은 높은 체감도시화지수에 의하여 도시형 아까시나무림으로 규정되었다. 하천형을 제외한 우리나라의 아까시나무 우점림은 지속군락으로 고려되었다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.85-92
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• 2005

경남 양산시 신불산의 습원(면적 14,000 $m^2$)에 대한 식물군락의 유형화와 동태에 대한 연구가 수행되었다. 습원 식물상은 감시대상이 되는 식물종 26종을 포함한42과 80속 105종이 기재되었다. Z.-M.학파의 연구방법으로 8개 식생유형이 분류되었다: 올챙이자리-바늘골군집(신칭), 이삭귀개-흰개수염군락, 진퍼리새-좀네모골군락(전형하위군락, 끈끈이주걱하위군락), 진퍼리새-하늘산제비난군집, 억새군락, 메역순나무군락, 떡갈나무-노린재나무군락, 신갈나무-노린재나무군락 주좌표분석(PCoA)은 습원 내 식물군락들이 초본층(지표면)의 직사광선 이용 경향성 및 건습환경 조건, 그리고 토양의 비옥성(중영양-빈영양)에 대응하여 식생 구조의 다변성과 분포 경향성을 보여주는 것으로 나타났다. 한반도 동남부 영남알프스 산악지역에서의 산지 중간습원을 대표하는 진퍼리새군강 발달의 주요 요인은 국지적인 지리지형 조건으로부터 보다 짧고 습한 생육기를 야기하는 보다 긴 운무기간에 의한 냉각효과와 같은 기후 조건이 강조되었다. 양산습원은 인간간섭에 의한 습원식생과 자연 습원식생으로부터 무제치습원과 비교되었다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.244-253
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• 2019

In crop breeding program, information about genetic dissimilarity on breeding resources is very important to corroborate genealogical relationships and to predict the most heterozygotic hybrid combinations and inbred breeding. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic variation in Kenyan sunflower breeding lines based on simple sequence repeat (SSR). A total of 83 alleles were detected at 32 SSR loci. The allele number per locus ranged from 2 to 7 with an average of 2.7 alleles per locus detected from the 24 sunflower accessions and the average value of polymorphic information contents (PIC) were 0.384. A cluster analysis based on the genetic similarity coefficients was conducted and the 24 sunflower breeding resources were classified into three groups. The principal coordinates (PCoA) revealed 34% and 13.38% respectively, and 47.38% of total variation. It was found that the genetic diversity within the Kenyan sunflower breeding resources was narrower than that in other sunflower germplasm resources, suggesting the importance and feasibility of introducing elite genotypes from different origins for selection of breeding lines with broader genetic base in Kenyan sunflower breeding program.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.693-702
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• 2021

The aim of this study was to analyze the genetic diversity and distance of the Korean native black goat line. Thus far, this Korean native black goat line has not been studied intensively, especially in genetic diversity and relationship studies in comparison with other breeds. In total, eleven microsatellite (MS) markers were used to evaluate alleles from 391 Korean native black goats and foreign hybrid animals. The genetic diversity index was evaluated based on the allele distributions. Four Korean native black goat lines showed expected ranges of observed heterozygosity, expected heterozygosity, and polymorphism information content (PIC) values for use in genetic diversity research (0.509 - 0.643, 0.434 - 0.623 and 0.356 - 0.567). Lines from the Korean native black goat and foreign hybrid were clearly separated according to principal coordinates analysis (PCoA), phylogenetic tree and tended to be clustered in each Korean native black goat line. Thus, this study can be used for analyzing the genetic relationships between Korean native black goats and foreign breeds for line preservation and for fundamental information to determine breed improvement strategies.

• 한국동물생명공학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.154-161
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• 2021

A number of Korean Chicken breeds were registered in Domestic Animal Diversity Information System (DAD-IS, http://dad.fao.org/) of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Evaluation of genetic diversity and relationship of local breeds is an important factor towards the identification of unique and valuable genetic resources. Therefore, this study aimed to analysis the genetic diversity and relationship of 22 Korean Chicken breeds using 12 microsatellite (MS) markers. The mean number of alleles for each variety was 5.52, ranging from a 3.75 (Leghorn F; NF) to a 7.0 (Ross). The most diverse breed was the Hanhyup3 (HCC), which had the highest expected heterozygosity (H_Exp) (0.754) and polymorphic information content (PIC) (0.711). The NF was the least diverse population, having the lowest H_Exp (0.467) and PIC (0.413). As a result of the principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) and factorial correspondence analysis (FCA) confirmed that Hy-line Brown (HL) and Lohmann Brown (LO) are very close to each other and that Leghorn and Rhode Island Red (RIR) are clearly distinguished from other groups. Thus, the reliability and power of identification using 12 types of MS markers were improved, and the genetic diversity and probability of individual discrimination were confirmed through statistical analysis. This study is expected to be used as basic data for the identification of Korean chicken breeds, and our results indicated that these multiplex PCR marker sets will have considerable applications in population genetic structure analysis.