• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2002년도 ITC-CSCC -3
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• pp.1886-1888
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• 2002

Non-verbal information plays an important role not only in human-to-human communications but also in human computer interaction. In this paper, we examine effects of human-like agent's primitive movements on user's impression, where the human-like agent's primitive movements include eye, mouth, and head. SD (Semantic Differential) method was used for evaluation, and two factors were extracted as a result of the factor analysis. It is found that the first factor influenced the user's impression particularly.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국태양에너지학회 2009년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.26-31
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• 2009

This study was analysed influence of urban higher temperature in Busan about time series analysis of AWS data. The results are as follows. (1) The temperature of Busan show min $13.2^{\circ}C$ ~max $15.8^{\circ}C$ by 50 years, it is on the rise. (2) The seasonal adjustment series, summer appeared min $17.5^{\circ}C$ ~max $28.9^{\circ}C$ with primitive series similarly. The winter was min $-11.4^{\circ}C$ ~max $17.9^{\circ}C$, the minimum temperature was more lowly than primitive series and maximum temperature was more higher than primitive series. The results, seasonal adjustment series is guessed with influence difference urban structural element beside seasonal factor. (3) Regional analytical result, January appeared with range of min 28% ~max 196% of the seasonal factor and August appeared min 90% ~ max 106%. One of the case which is of 100% or more of the seasonal factor January 12nd~17th, August appears at the 15~17th.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.341-360
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• 1998

Some interesting properties of Carlitz cyclotomic polynomials analogous to those of classical cyclotomic polynomials are given.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.293-298
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• 1996

Room temperature Li+ ion conductivities of Li3xLa(2/3-x)TiO3 system with x=0.117~0.317 were measured by complex impedance method. ICP, SEM and XRD analysis were conducted to study the main factor which influence the Li+ ion conductivity. Li+ ion conductivity seems to have a close relationship with the crystal structure of primitive cell increase as the primitive cell as close to cubic.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권12호
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• pp.1905-1917
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• 2023

Objective: Nanog homeobox (NANOG) is a core transcription factor that contributes to pluripotency along with octamer binding transcription factor-4 (OCT4) and sex determining region-Y box-2 (SOX2). It is an epiblast lineage marker in mammalian pre-implantation embryos and exhibits a species-specific expression pattern. Therefore, it is important to understand the lineage of NANOG, the trophectoderm, and the primitive endoderm in the pig embryo. Methods: A loss- and gain-of-function analysis was done to determine the role of NANOG in lineage specification in parthenogenetic porcine blastocysts. We analyzed the relationship between NANOG and pluripotent core transcription factors and other lineage makers. Results: In NANOG-null late blastocysts, OCT4-, SOX2-, and SOX17-positive cells were decreased, whereas GATA binding protein 6 (GATA6)-positive cells were increased. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed that the expression of SOX2 was decreased in NANOG-null blastocysts, whereas that of primitive endoderm makers, except SOX17, was increased. In NANOG-overexpressing blastocysts, caudal type homeobox 2 (CDX2-), SOX17-, and GATA6-positive cells were decreased. The results indicated that the expression of primitive endoderm markers and trophectoderm-related genes was decreased. Conclusion: Taken together, the results demonstrate that NANOG is involved in the epiblast and primitive endoderm differentiation and is essential for maintaining pluripotency within the epiblast.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.1711-1723
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• 2013

P. V$\acute{a}$mos called a ring R 2-good if every element is the sum of two units. The ring of all $n{\times}n$ matrices over an elementary divisor ring is 2-good. A (right) self-injective von Neumann regular ring is 2-good provided it has no 2-torsion. Some of the earlier results known to us about 2-good rings (although nobody so called at those times) were due to Ehrlich, Henriksen, Fisher, Snider, Rapharl and Badawi. We continue in this paper the study of 2-good rings by several authors. We give some examples of 2-good rings and their related properties. In particular, it is shown that if R is an exchange ring with Artinian primitive factors and 2 is a unit in R, then R is 2-good. We also investigate various kinds of extensions of 2-good rings, including the polynomial extension, Nagata extension and Dorroh extension.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권8호
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• pp.1180-1189
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• 2023

Objective: Discovering the mechanism of cell specification is important to manipulate cellular lineages. To obtain lineage-specific cell lines, the target lineage needs to be promoted, and counterpart lineages should be suppressed. Embryos in the early blastocyst stage possess two different cell populations, the inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm. Then, cells in the ICM segregate into epiblasts (Epi) and primitive endoderm (PrE). PrE cells in embryos show specific expression of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and its receptor, PDGF receptor A (PDGFRA). In this study, we suppressed PDGF signaling using two methods (CRISPR/Cas9 injection and inhibitor treatment) to provide insight into the segregation of embryonic lineages. Methods: CRISPR/Cas9 RNAs were injected into parthenogenetically activated and in vitro fertilized embryos. The PDGF receptor inhibitor AG1296 was treated at 0, 5, 10, and 20 µM concentration. The developmental competence of the embryos and the number of cells expressing marker proteins (SOX2 for ICM and SOX17 for PrE) were measured after the treatments. The expression levels of the marker genes with the inhibitor were examined during embryo development. Results: Microinjection targeting the PDGF receptor (PDGFR) A reduced the number of SOX17-positive cell populations in a subset of day 7 blastocysts (n = 9/12). However, microinjection accompanied diminution of Epi cells in the blastocyst. The PDGF receptor inhibitor AG1296 (5 µM) suppressed SOX17-positive cells without reducing SOX2-positive cells in both parthenogenetic activated and in vitro fertilized embryos. Within the transcriptional target of PDGF signaling, the inhibitor significantly upregulated the Txnip gene in embryos. Conclusion: We identified that PDGF signaling is important to sustain the PrE population in porcine blastocysts. Additionally, treatment with inhibitors was a better method to suppress PrE cells than CRISPR/Cas9 microinjection of anti-PDGF receptor α gene, because microinjection suppressed number of Epi cells. The PDGF receptor might control the number of PrE cells by repressing the proapoptotic gene Txnip. Our results can help to isolate Epi-specific cell lines from blastocysts.

• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양공학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.220-226
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• 2000

In this paper, a primitive study of yacht is carried out and an attempt to design a typical yacht is pursuited. General characteristics and types of a yacht is examined and the 1st step to design process is outlined. A model ship of an environmental adaptive yacht is presented and principal dimensions of the yacht is decided.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.29-37
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• 1987

This paper discusses the gereral principles to be considered in the design of usef interfaces of graphics packages and presents a top-down design process in systematic way. The effective and convenient user interfaces are analyzed based on human factors criteria and we discuss the properties and application requirements of typical interaction techniques which support primitive tasks. The choice of an interaction technique has a set of input device prerequisites to be met.

• 정보처리학회논문지B
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• 제11B권7호
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• pp.821-830
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 지표면을 향해 낙하하는 자유 물체의 충돌 현상에 대해 모델링하고자 한다. 이를 위해 최소한의 근원적인 요소를 찾아서 최대한의 다양성을 제공하고자 한다. 몰입감있는 가상환경 구축을 위해 보다 사실적이고 논리적으로 동작하는 충돌 현상을 표현하는데 설계의 초점을 둔다. 이를 위해, 낙하 물체의 재료(material)적 특성에 대한 범위(domain)를 결정하고 우성력(dominant forte)을 선택할 것이며, 힘과 지표면에 대한 모델링을 구축할 것이다. 이는 충돌 후 발생하는 결과들을 정량적인 면뿐만 아니라 정성적인 면에서도 충족시킬 수 있다. 아울러 기존에 많은 연구가 진행된 충돌 검출 보다는 충돌 반응 양상에 모델링의 초점을 둘 것이다.