• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.169-189
• /
• 2015

Detection of anomalous events from video streams is a challenging problem in many video surveillance applications. One such application that has received significant attention from the computer vision community is traffic video surveillance. In this paper, a Lossy Count based Sequential Temporal Pattern mining approach (LC-STP) is proposed for detecting spatio-temporal abnormal events (such as a traffic violation at junction) from sequences of video streams. The proposed approach relies mainly on spatial abstractions of each object, mining frequent temporal patterns in a sequence of video frames to form a regular temporal pattern. In order to detect each object in every frame, the input video is first pre-processed by applying Gaussian Mixture Models. After the detection of foreground objects, the tracking is carried out using block motion estimation by the three-step search method. The primitive events of the object are represented by assigning spatial and temporal symbols corresponding to their location and time information. These primitive events are analyzed to form a temporal pattern in a sequence of video frames, representing temporal relation between various object's primitive events. This is repeated for each window of sequences, and the support for temporal sequence is obtained based on LC-STP to discover regular patterns of normal events. Events deviating from these patterns are identified as anomalies. Unlike the traditional frequent item set mining methods, the proposed method generates maximal frequent patterns without candidate generation. Furthermore, experimental results show that the proposed method performs well and can detect video anomalies in real traffic video data.

• International Journal of Contents
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.16-26
• /
• 2019

The efficient implementation of various physical actions of agents to respond to dynamically changing situations is essential for the simulation of realistic agents and activities in a cyber world. To achieve a maximum diversity of actions and immediate responsiveness to abrupt changes in situations, we have developed an animation technique in which complex actions are recursively constructed by reusing a set of primitive motions, and agents are designed to react in real-time to abrupt ambient changes by computationally satisfying kinematic constraints on body parts with respect to their goals. Our reusing scheme is extended to visualize the procedure of realistic intricate situations involving many concurring events. Our approach based on motion reuse and recursive assembly has clear advantages in motion variability and action diversity with respect to authoring scalability and motion responsiveness compared to conventional monolithic (static) animation techniques. This diversity also serves to accommodate the characteristic unpredictability of events concurring in a situation due to inherent non-determinism of associated conditions. To demonstrate the viability of our approach, we implement several composite and parallel actions in a dynamically changing example situation involving events that were originally independent until coincidentally inter-coupled therein.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
• /
• 제9권6호
• /
• pp.95-100
• /
• 2009

USN/RFID는 유비쿼터스 컴퓨팅을 위한 핵심기술로서 다양한 센서기술과 프로세서 집적기술 그리고 무선네트워크 기술을 이용해서 실제 물리적 환경 정보를 원격에서 손쉽게 수집하고 모니터링 하는 것이 가능하다. USN/RFID는 실시간 객체의 식별과 정보의 수집을 위한 기술로 짧은 시간에 많은 양의 데이터를 발생시킨다. 이러한 많은 양의 데이터를 효과적으로 처리하기 위해서는 데이터의 패턴을 정의하여 의미 있는 데이터를 필터링 할 수 있는 기술이 필수적이다. 본 논문에서는 전시물 주변에서 발생하는 데이터를 효과적으로 처리하기 위해 ECA 규칙을 사용하여 의미 있는 데이터를 구성하고 관리자가 전시물 관련 보안 정보를 실시간으로 관리할 수 있는 모니터링 시스템을 제안한다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
• /
• 제46권10호
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2009

RFID와 WSN은 유비쿼터스 컴퓨팅을 위한 핵심 기술로서 다양한 센서기술과 프로세서 집적기술 그리고 무선 네트워크 기술을 이용해서 실제 물리적 환경 정보를 원격에서 손쉽게 수집하고 모니터링 하는 것이 가능하다. 이에 따라 RFID와 WSN에 대한 많은 연구와 개발이 이루어지고 있으며, 특히 의료분야는 u-Healthcare와 결합된 보건의료산업과 서비스에서 국제적인 경쟁력을 확보할 수 있을 것으로 기대되고 있다. RFID와 WSN은 실시간 객체의 식별과 정보의 수집을 위한 기술로 짧은 시간에 많은 양의 데이터를 발생한다. 이러한 많은 양의 데이터를 효과적으로 처리하기 위해서는 데이터의 패턴을 정의하여 의미 있는 데이터를 필터링 할 수 있는 기술이 필수적이다. 본 논문에서는 의료환경에서 RFID와 WSN에서 발생하는 데이터를 효과적으로 처리하기 위해 복합 이벤트 처리기법을 사용하여 의미있는 데이터를 복합 이벤트로 구성하여 관리자가 실시간 환자를 관리 할 수 있는 모니터링 시스템을 제안한다. 본 연구를 통해 현재 보건의료 환경에서 각각 적용되어 있는 RFID와 WSN 환경을 통합하여 효율적인 데이터 전송 및 관리가 가능하게 될 것으로 전망한다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• 제64권3호
• /
• pp.329-339
• /
• 2021

It has been recognised for over a century that the events of gastrulation are fundamental in determining, not only the development of the neuraxis but the organisation of the entire primitive embryo. Until recently our understanding of gastrulation was based on detailed histological analysis in animal models and relatively rare human tissue preparations from aborted fetuses. Such studies resulted in a model of gastrulation that neurosurgeons have subsequently used as a means of trying to explain some of the congenital anomalies of caudal spinal cord and vertebral development that present in paediatric neurosurgical practice. Recent advances in developmental biology, in particular cellular biology and molecular genetics have offered new insights into very early development. Understanding the processes that underlie cellular interactions, gene expression and activation/inhibition of signalling pathways has changed the way embryologists view gastrulation and this has led to a shift in emphasis from the 'descriptive and morphological' to the 'mechanistic and functional'. Unfortunately, thus far it has proved difficult to translate this improved knowledge of normal development, typically derived from non-human models, into an understanding of the mechanisms underlying human malformations such as the spinal dysraphisms and anomalies of caudal development. A paediatric neurosurgeons perspective of current concepts in gastrulation is presented along with a critical review of the current hypotheses of human malformations that have been attributed to disorders of this stage of embryogenesis.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• 제10권9호
• /
• pp.4307-4325
• /
• 2016

With the aim of solving the problems of long processing times, high memory consumption and low event throughput in the current processing approaches in out-of-order RFID event streams, an efficient complex event processing method based on INFA-HTS (Improved Nondeterministic Finite Automaton-Hash Table Structure) is presented in this paper. The contribution of this paper lies in the fact that we use INFA and HTS to successfully realize the detection of complex events for out-of-order RFID event streams. Specifically, in our scheme, to detect the disorder of out-of-order event streams, we expand the traditional NFA model into a new INFA model to capture the related RFID primitive events from the out-of-order event stream. To high-efficiently manage the large intermediate capturing results, we use the HTS to store and process them. As a result, these problems in the existing methods can be effectively solved by our scheme. The simulation results of our experiments show that our proposed method in this paper outperforms some of the current general processing approaches used to process out-of-order RFID event streams.

• 한국동물학회지
• /
• 제35권2호
• /
• pp.149-160
• /
• 1992

Using the protein A-gold complex, the mvoabrillogenesis and actin localization of cultured myoblast were invastisated. In the superstructural changes of mvogenic cell during differentiation, pectoral myoblasts contained large nucleus and numerous ribosomes but no myofibrils during the first 24 hr of cultures. Mvoblast initiated to differentiate at 3-day of culture contained the primitive myofibrillar structure. At 96 hr of culture, the mvofibrillar structure showed reletively discernable Z band but pools defined A, H and M bands. The feature of sarcomeric structure showed more defined form at cultur 5 day. In the aspect of actin localization, actin wvas diffusely detected throughout the cytoplasm of myogenic cell and nucleus during the proliferating stage. At 72 hr of culture, with the appearantc oi primitive mvofibrils, gold particles were observed in surrounding of myofibrils but still presented in overall of cytoplasm, especially in the surface and lumen of endoplasmic reticulum. With the gradual increase of culture time, local distribution of actin was readily detected within cytoplasm. In the 5-day specimen of cultures, gold particles precisely indicate the sites of actin localifation within the sarcomere. These results indicate the time of onset of myofibrill appearance and the biosynthetic and incorporation pathway of actin molecules into sarcomeric structure during myofibrillogenesis. Thus, in the present study, the first mvoabrillar structure was detected at culture 3 day, and the initiation of assembly into a typical sarcmeric structure was observed at culture 5 day. It seems, however, that the course of events on myofibrillogenesis of cultured myoblasts can be changed with great dependence of culture conditions including the number and groluth rate of mononucleated mvoblasts after seeding although the fundamental process shows identical appearances.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.370-381
• /
• 2017

최근 다양한 응용에서 실시간으로 발행하는 이벤트들을 신속하고 효율적으로 처리하기 위해 복합 이벤트 처리 시스템을 도입하고 있다. 기존 복합 이벤트 처리 연구는 연산자의 유사성과 중복성을 고려하지 않기 때문에 많은 연산과 많은 메모리를 소비하는 문제점이 있다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 본 논문에서는 유사 연산과 중복 연산을 고려한 효율적인 복합 이벤트 처리 기법을 제안한다. 제안하는 기법은 동일한 기본 이벤트들이 유사한 연산을 가지면 그 연산들을 하나의 가상 연산자로 결합한다. 중복된 연산을 가질 경우에는 우선 하나의 연산만을 처리하고 이후에 같은 연산이 나오면 먼저 처리된 연산의 결과를 이용하여 처리한다. 기존 기법과의 성능 비교를 통하여 전체 연산 처리량 측면에서 제안하는 기법의 성능이 우수함을 보인다.

• 전자공학회논문지A
• /
• 제30A권3호
• /
• pp.1-15
• /
• 1993

In this paper, we propose over-reporting avoidance scheme which avoids congestion of network traffics by adjusting managed system's over-reporting, on the OSI network management model which reports events from managed system to managing system. In case of reporting events from managed system to managing system, management traffic concentration occurs, and it causes over-loading on the managing system and congestion on the network. This scheme takes advantage of feedback from managing system to managed system. Managed system transmits event reports as much as maximum event pertime allocated to itself to managing system, and it sets it's management variables to LOCK state and stops event reports as Threshold time is reached. At the time, managing system directs event reports again by using M-set primitive with referring it's status. With this scheme, distributed processing, dynamic network adaptation, convergence of optimal operation point is possible. In addition to it, a fairness is assured. In order to detect characteristics of the Unary feedback over-reporting avoidance scheme. It is observed a control capability of the event reporting and fairness of each nodes through measuring. ThresholdTime value. It is measured a number of mean activating nodes and maintained time of LOCK state according to event reporting load, and also measured lost ratio of management packet, queuing delay in managing system, and goodput to observe effects of general packet load. Binary feedback scheme. Unary feedback overreporting avoidance scheme and raw scheme on the OSI network management system each are compared and analyzed, and finally proved that the scheme proposed in this study performs better.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제51권1호
• /
• pp.107-112
• /
• 2018

One-dimensional numerical model is implemented to investigate temperature variations in the mixed layer depth (MLD) with the passage of typhoons. In the model, we assume a non-divergent, infinite ocean and consider wind effects only, excluding isostatic effects (inverse barometric effects) and upwelling with vertical movement of the water column. Numerical experiments investigate the effects of typhoon tracks on temperature variations, including their dependence on vertical resolutions in the MLD and these results are compared with those in a three-dimensional primitive equation model (POM). The model reproduces features of the observed temperature variations in the MLD fairly well, and implies that wind effects, rather than isostatic effects, play a predominant role in temporal and spatial temperature variations in the MLD. After the passage of typhoons, however, the model does not reproduce well the temperature variations observed in the MLD, because a limitation of the model is its inability to reproduce events such as cyclonic eddy formation (Hong et al., 2011; Masuda and Hong, 2011). The model also shows well the so called 'rightward bias' (Price, 1981) of sea surface cooling which is the most predominant in the right hand side of typhoon's track.