• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.88-88
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• 2018

In order to increase the germination speed and uniformity of tomato seeds, sonication and modified drum priming treatments were investigated to produce high quality seeds for export. Sonication treatment was performed for 5, 10 and 20minutes at an intensity of 5.2, 10.4 and 15.7kHz in water at $15^{\circ}C$. After sonication treatment, seeds were primed with water or 100mM $KNO_3$ for 4days. 40, 50 and 60% seed moisture content (SMC) of hydrated seeds were incubated for 60, 72 and 84h in a container with a relative humidity of 99% at 26rpm for a modified drum priming treatments. Germination speed were highly improved by sonication with osmotic priming. The seed treatment of osmotic priming or hydro priming after sonication or sonication without priming enhanced germination percentage (GP) on the $2^{rd}$day after sowing to 46%, 43% and 28%, respectively, while untreated seeds resulted in only 1% GP. These treatments also highly improved mean germination time (MGT) to 1.4, 1.8 and 2.6days, respectively, when compared to 3.5days MGT of untreated seeds. The modified drum priming treatment (72h incubation after 60% SMC hydration) significantly improved results of 74% GP(on the $3^{rd}$day after sowing), 2.6days MGT and $39%{\cdot}day^{-1}$ germination rate (GR), however, untreated seeds showed 19% GP, 4.1 MGT, and $25%{\cdot}day^{-1}$ GR. Although osmotic priming after sonication, hydro priming showed similar improved germination characteristics, however, modified drum priming is considered as an industrially promising treatment methods considering the shortening of the treatment period and environment-friendly aspects.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.325-327
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• 2001

Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv KF109) seeds were artificially aged in a controlled environment of 45$^{\circ}C$ and 80% relative humidity condition for different duration up to 14 days before priming in polyethylene glycol 6000 solution of equivalent osmotic potential of -0.8 MPa for 8 days at $25^{\circ}C$. The seeds aged only and primed after aging were germinated at 15$^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$ to observe the priming effects on the germination of aged seeds at different temperature. The germination percentage of the aged seeds was rapidly dropped starting from 8 days of aging and mean germination time (T$_{50}$) was greatly increased, particularly in germination at 15$^{\circ}C$. The germination capacity was greatly restored in the primed seeds after aging, particularly in the seeds of longer aging and germinating at 15$^{\circ}C$.>.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.1096-1105
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• 2008

This study was carried out to identify the optimum condition for priming, as a series of experiments for the enhancement of germination percentage and germination synchronization in cool-season turfgrass seeds. The optimum priming conditions to maximize the germinability in both Kentucky bluegrass and Tall fescue was a 1 day treatment of 100 mM $K_3PO_4$ at $25^{\circ}C$. The seeds treated with the optimum priming condition enhanced the germinability compared to control, and shortened the time for germination with reduced $T_{50}$ and mean daily germination (MDG). However, as the concentration and treatment period of NaOH or KOH increased, significantly decrease in germination percentage was observed. Germination percentage in Creeping bentgrass and Bentgrass was below 10%, regardless of priming treatment. However, the priming treatment with 200 mM $KNO_3$ for three days improved the germination up to 6%, which was not a statistically significant level. The most effective priming period for Kentucky bluegrass and Tall fescue was one day treatment, but the germinability was suppressed as the treatment period was extended until six days. For priming chemical treatment, germinability was improved with the concentration of 100 mM, while it was reduced at higher concentrations of 200 mM and 300 mM.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.329-344
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• 1997

To improve germination and growth of forages of hill pasture seeds of several forages were osmotically primed with polyethylene glycol (PEG) under different PEG concentrations, treatment periods, and temperatures. Seeds were coated with several materials, and tested for germination. The best primed or coated seeds in germination tests were surface sow on hilly area. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. Osmotic priming with PEG accelerated germination of forages and reduced time taken for germination. 2. Germinability was best when the seeds of Tama ryegrass or orchardgrass were treated for 6-9 days at 30g PEG1100 ml water, red clover or white clover for 3, or 9 days in 20g PEG1100 ml water at $10^{\circ}C$. 3. Priming seeds of Tama ryegrass or orchardgrass in 30% PEG solution for 6 days, and seeds of red clover or white clover in 20% PEG solution for 6 days at $15^{\circ}C$ were most effective in germination, similar to priming at $10^{\circ}C$ . 4. Priming seeds of Tama ryegrass at 15C, and orchardgrass, red clover, or white clover at $10^{\circ}C$ were effective in germination than priming at other temperatures. 5. Osmotic priming with PEG accelerated germination of forages compared to coated seeds in Petri-dishes, while coated seeds germinated more slowly, but showed better emergence and superior growth to those of primed or intact seeds in the field. 6. Priming seeds increased yield slightly, and coating seeds significantly increased its yield on hilly area.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.56 no.11
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• pp.2004-2009
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• 2007

A new high-speed drive method for the plasma display panel is proposed. In this method, the address period is inserted for the rest period of the sustain pulses and the priming pulse is applied on the entire panel at the same time overlapping with the sustain period. The ramp shaped priming pulse can be made with a simple drive circuit in this technology and the stable sustain discharge can be induced even by a narrow scan pulse in help of the space charge generated from the address discharge. From the experiments, it is ascertained that the priming pulse hardly influences the sustain discharge. Moreover, the voltage margin of the sustain discharge is almost constant though that of the address discharge broadens with narrowing the scan pulse width. And, if the time interval between the scan pulse and the sustain pulse is within $6{\mu}s$, the voltage margin of the address and the sustain discharges are unaffected though the applied position of the scan pulse is changed. High-speed driving with the address pulse of $0.7{\mu}s$ width was achieved and the address voltage margin of 20V and the sustain voltage margin of 10V were obtained.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.87-87
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of osmotic priming, liquid smoke (LS), sonication and modified drum priming treatments to improve the germination speed and uniformity of pepper seeds for high quality export seeds. Seeds were treated in 0.5, 1.0, 5.0, 10% LS solution only or with 100mM $K_2SO_4$ solution for 6days at $15^{\circ}C$. Sonication treatment was performed for 5, 10, and 20 minutes at an intensity of 5.2, 10.4, 15.7, 21.0, 26.1kHz in water at $15^{\circ}C$. After sonication treatment, seeds were primed with water or 100mM $K_2SO_4$ for 4days. 40, 50 and 60% seed moisture content (SMC) of hydrated seeds were incubated for 84, 96 and 108h in a container with a relative humidity of 99% at 26rpm for a modified drum priming treatments. 0.5% LS treatment with water or 100mM $K_2SO_4$ priming showed significant effects with 71% GP (9.0days MGT) and 66% GP (7.4days MGT), respective, while untreated seeds resulted in only 61% GP and 10days MGT. The healthy seed % was increased by 24% by $K_2SO_4$ priming with LS treatment compared to untreated seeds. However, sonication treatment showed less germination or no difference compared to untreated seed, regardless of intensity and treatment time. The modified drum priming treatment (108h incubation after 50% SMC hydration) significantly improved the GP (on the $4^{th}$days after sowing), germination rate (GR), and MGT to 65%, $28%{\cdot}day^{-1}$, and 3.6days, whereas untreated seed resulted only 7% GP, $17%{\cdot}day^{-1}$ GR and 5.9days MGT. Thus, modified drum priming treatment effectively improved seed germination and is considered as an industrially promising treatment methods considering the shortening of the treatment period and environment-friendly aspects.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1990.11a
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• pp.157-160
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• 1990

A dot matrix type DC Plasma Display Panel was fabricated and it's characteristics was investigated. Paschen curve and I-V curve of various gas mixture was given. Optimal gas mixing ratio, pressure and operating point was determined. The priming effect was observed and discharge delay time was measured with varing applied voltage, priming current, priming distance, duty ratio.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.480-487
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• 2006

This study was conducted to improve the germination percent and germination speed by seed priming using polyethylene glycol (PEG) 8,000 solution on Acer mono seed because it has low and irregular germination characteristics. Seed priming was carried out under 0, -0.25, -0.5, -1.0 and -2.0 MPa of water potential at $20^{\circ}C$ for 3 days. Primed seeds showed higher percent germination, germination speed, mean germination time (MGT) and germination performance index (GPI) than unprimed seeds. Especially, primed seed with -2.0 MPa of water potential had the highest germination properties. And primed seeds had a lower dormancy than the unprimed seeds. Relative growth rate and T/R ratio of seedling from primed seeds were measured to survey the effect of seed priming on the seedling vigor as well as seed germination. The seedlings from primed seeds at -2.0 MPa of water potential showed the highest relative growth rates of height and root collar diameter, however, the lowest value in T/R ratio. This study suggested that seeds priming at -2.0 MPa of water potential under $20^{\circ}C$ for 3 days enhanced not only the percent germination, germination speed, MGT and GPI but also the vigor and growth of seedlings in Acer mono.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.381-388
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• 2004

In Korea, production of super sweet corn has been economically feasible and is substituting for traditional sweet corn due to better flavor in recent years. Major limiting factors for super sweet corn production are low field emergence and low seedling vigor. The optimum water potential (WP) for the priming of normal and aged seeds of dent, sweet (su) and super sweet (sh2) corns was studied to improve low seed quality. Seeds were primed at 0, -0.3, -0.6, -0.9, and -1.2 MPa of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 8000 solution at $15^{\circ}C$ for 2 days. Priming effects differed depending on the type of corn, seed quality, and WP of PEG solution. Although WP of priming solution did not influence the emergence rate of extremely high quality normal dent corn seeds, it reduced time to $50\%$ emergence (T50) and increased plumule weight. In contrast, the emergence rate of aged field corn was improved by seed priming at 0 MPa and plumule weight and $\alpha-amylase$ activity was enhanced. The optimum WP for both normal and aged sweet and super sweet corn seeds was between -0.3 and -0.6 Mpa. At the optimum WP emergence rate, $\alpha-amylase$ activity, and content of DNA and soluble protein increased, while T50 and leakage of total sugars and electrolytes reduced.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.26-33
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• 2004

Self-etching priming bonding system was recently developed in order to simplify the clinical skills & save chair time after continuous improvements on dentin bonding agents. To test the magnitude of microleakage of a new "self-etching priming bonding agent" using sound premolar 4th, 5th, 6th generation dentin bonding agent was applied. Measure the magnitude of infiltration to the gap of enamel-restoration interface and dentin-restoration interface. After bonding of composite resin to sample surfaces according to the manufactures direction and 500 times thermocycling on dwell time 30 second, and microleakage was measured by the ratio of the depth to the axial wall and the magnitude of infiltration. Afterward analyzed by ANOVA test. The result were as follows ; 1. Enamel groups showed lesser microleakage (Group I, II, III, IV) than dentin groups(Group V, VI, VII, VIII). (p<0.05) 2. There are no statical differences among the dentin groups, in enamel groups, group IV showed more microleakage than group I, II, III. (p<0.05). For a clinical acceptance, better enamel marginal adaptation is required.