• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.235-245
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• 2004

The Korea School Lunch Program mandates that school meals should safeguard the health and well-being of our children. School meals provide a nutritious diet that contains at least ⅓ of the daily Recommended Dietary Allowances of necessary nutrients at reasonable prices. This study was performed to assess the nutritional management of primary school meals, and to provide basic data for improvement of school meal nutritional guidelines. Three hundred and thirty six dietitians who worked at primary schools were recruited using a stratified sampling method. A survey was done by e-mail with a set of questionnaires about nutritional meal management. During school lunch planning, dietitians referred nutrition standards with priority, followed by students' food preferences and food hygiene. They considered energy as a most important nutrient during primary school lunch planning, followed by protein and calcium. Protein is usually over-served, whereas iron, vitamin A and calcium are usually under-served during primary school meal planning. For first and second grade primary students, grains, meat and vegetable side dishes seemed to be large compared to their eating capacity. Over 92% of school dietitians agreed the needs of food group standards for primary school lunch program. For making a checklist of the school lunch program, energy, protein and calcium were highly recommended, and meat.fish.egg group, vegetable.fruit group and dairy group were also highly recommended by school dietitians. Cooking method was also highly recommended. School dietitians proposed that remodeling of school kitchens and new cooking machine were the most important factors for improving school lunch system. These results suggest that food standards should be established for health-oriented nutritional management of primary school lunch programs. Nutritional checklists could include nutrient-rich foods and food groups, and items about cooking methods.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.586-596
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• 1998

The relevance and importance of buffalo production under coconut plantations in the North Westen Province of Sri Lanka was studied in three districts (Bingiriya, Pannala, Kuliyapitiya). The objective of the study was to collect baseline information on socioeconomic and cultural aspects of buffalo production, with a view to promote and disseminate new technologies. The survey technique used consisted of a formal survey using a structured questionnaire (71 households) and rapid appraisal (55 households). The results indicate the existence of a wide stratification of dariy farmers which ranged from skilled dairy operators with high levels of production and management of efficiency to marginal subsistence farmers with low levels of productivity. The most frequent family size of households ranged from 4-5 members (58%), and the average family size was 4.7. The actual average land ownership accounts to 2.4 ha of upland and 0.5 ha of lowland, but when their accessibility to common property resources are taken into account, the land availability was assessed at 13 ha and 0.7 ha of upland and lowland, respectively. The highest average monthly income (Rs. 13,590) was received by farmers with off-farm employment (primary) who are also engaged in livestock production (secondary), and livestock contributed 43% of the total income. Livestock farmers who practised integrated crop farming as a secondary source of income received a monthly income of Rs. 10,843, and those involved in crop production as the primary source received the lowest average income (Rs. 7,295). The survey revealed a high investment cost on concentrate feeds (47%) for milk production. However some farmers obtained higher milk yields (11 litres/cow/day) at lower ration costs, and this could be attributed to the entrepreneurship skills and management efficiency. The study area had a well developed market infrastructure for fresh milk, principally due to the existence of the Nestle's company and the Coconut Triangle Milk Union. On an average the producer collected Rs. 10 per litre of milk marketed.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.155-179
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to compare the task elements categorized into required and additional man power's implemental between present and future-oriented duties of school nutrition teachers. The survey consisted of five duties, 27 tasks, 93 task elements, and 270 work details in the task elements of school nutrition teachers. A pilot-test was first conducted on nutrition teachers to confirm the survey contents, and then a main survey was performed on 240 school nutrition teachers, using a self-administrated online method, from July 16 to September 5, 2016. To compare present and future-oriented tasks, frequency analyses were conducted. Work details in the task elements were categorized into 'required' and 'additional man power's implemental', depending on school nutrition teachers' responses, based on a 50% cut-off percentage. The results showed that 13 work details among 60 work details (21.7%) in the 'Duty C. Safety and hygiene management of school foodservice', and 15 work details out of 106 work details (14.2%) in 'Duty B. Foodservice management practices' were identified as additional man power's implemental in future oriented duties. As to 'Duty A. Nutrition management', only three work details among 55 work details (5.5%) were identified as additional man power's implemental. On the other hand, all work details in 'Duty D. Nutrition diet education and counseling and 'Duty E. Reinforce professionalism' were identified as "required" as school nutrition teachers' duties. These findings imply that school nutrition teachers perceive nutrition management and education as their primary duties to the fulfill school foodservice' mission of promoting students' health and fostering students' dietary behaviors. The study offers practical and governmental implications, which can encourage school nutrition teachers to perform their primary duties.

• 보건의료산업학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.95-109
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• 2013

The objective of this study is to assess the utilization and satisfactions about public health centers in Korea. For the analysis, the study utilize the nationwide data of 229,229 person on '2010 Community Health Survey' of Ministry of Health & Welfare. The statistical methodology used in the study is ${\chi}^2$, ANOVA, logistic regression model and multiple regression model. This study have four major findings. First, the significant affecting socio-demographic factors in utilizing public health center were gender, age, region, national basic living secured, married, income, education, job, state of health, chronic disease, unmet medical needs and utilization reason. Second, the most serviced category of health center user was vaccination both city and rural area and the next was certificate, primary care, health screening, other use, the mother and child in city area, primary care, health screening, certificate, home visiting health in rural area. Third, the significant affecting socio-demographic factors in satisfaction degree on health center service were age, region, national basic living secured, income, education, job, state of health, utilization degree and reason. Fourth, the most satisfied service of health service center was home visiting health in city area and mental health service in rural area and the next was nutritive control and the lowest satisfied service was user of certificate. The utilization and satisfaction on health center service were identified as different with residental area and user's characteristics. The politic effort are needed to support socially disadvantaged class and to narrow regional gap.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.9-22
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to analyse the architectural character of JE-DAMG at farm village in Ulsan. JE-DANG means the building for DONG-JE (the sacrificial rite of a village). The regions of this study are KANG-DONG MYEN, and UNG-CHON MYEN in Ulsan. The method of this study is the analysis of them after the actual field surveys of 47 JE-DANGs in these regions The survey contains the area, the height, the period of the erection, the architectural structure, the roof shape, the material, the landowner, SHIN-CHE (means a god's name and shape), DANG-SU tree and so on. Methods of the survey are the field survey, the interview of villager, the analysis of reference data and so on. Results of the study are below. JE-DANGs(buildings) of these regions had been built first in the period of Japanese occupancy and erections of them had continued until 1970's. Since then, they have been rebuilt. The primary JE-DANG is characterized by a tiled roof, a wooden post lintel, a mud-plastered wall, and a wooden door. After rebuilding, characters are a flat slab, a tiled roof, a structure of using red bricks, and the area is getting larger than the primary JE-DANG, but 1 KAN persists without variety. Most of houses in the inland area like UNG-CHON MYEN face the south, and ones in the coastal area like KANG-BONG MYEN face the east. Generally there is DANG-SU tree behind JE-DANG. That proves DANG-SU tree to be the object of the rite. The species of DANG-SU is a pine in general ,but various in UNG-CHON MYEN. In general names of the god are DONG-SHIN , DANG-SAN SHIN and SUNG-HWANG SHIN. I think that the landownership of JE-DANG should change the private ownership into the village ownership to preserve JE-DANG though most of lands of JE-DANG are private ones.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.669-678
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• 2011

The purpose of this study were to analyze the staple food consumption trend of Koreans using KNHANES(Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) data. Nutrient intake of 38,840 participants of 1998~2008 KNHANES, over 6 year old were analyzed. For the analysis of major staple food intakes, twenty four hour recall data was used. The results were analyzed by SAS Program, as follows. Despite westernized diet, ranking in the primary energy source of food showed similar patterns. But total calory intake was reduced over the past 11 years and percentage of carbohydrate intake was increased. Relative proportions of protein and fat intake was reduced. The major carbohydrate and protein source of Koreans was rice and grains. Pork and ramen were the major fat source food. Although intake levels were different by gender, age and areas, carbohydrate of rice was primary source of energy in Korea.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.60-78
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• 2004

A survey performed on property of water usage, a recognition and stand on water, and awareness of practice related to water saving among primary and secondary teachers in Daegu metropolitan city leads to the following result. First, regarding the actual condition of water usage, boiled tap water was most preferred, followed by purified tap water, mineral water, and water from a mineral spring respectively. Second, the result of a survey regarding a recognition and stand on water presents that the quality of purified water and mineral water is generally trusted, not including tap water. A majority of teachers barely had any ideas on the process of tap water supplies and sewage disposal system. Third, another survey was performed to determine whether there's a gender difference on a general recognition of and stand on water usage, actual practice of water saving and love for water. As a result, 7 out of 25 questions showed the difference of significance by p<.05. As for tap water service and sewage disposal system, there were differences on 5 out of 6 questions, indicating that male teachers are more knowledgable than their female counterparts. Fourth, the result of the research about the recognition and attitudes about water and water saving of the teachers who were categorized by the age group showed that 14 questions of the 25 questions had differences in p<.05 level. Teachers in their twenties and thirties had less interest than those in their forties and fifties.

• Integrative Medicine Research
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.60-66
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• 2014

Background: Medically unexplained symptoms (MUSs) are common in primary care. Atpresent, there are no proven, comprehensive treatments available in primary care forpatients with MUSs. However, MUS has parallels with "subhealth" or Mibyeong from tradi-tional East-Asian medicine, and thus, Mibyeong interventions could be effective in treatingMUS. Unfortunately, studies on Mibyeong and its intervention methods are relatively rare.Methods: We administered a web-based survey to 17,279 Korean medicine (KM) practitionersregistered with the Association of Korean Medicine. The response rate was 4.9% (n = 849).Based on the responses received, we assessed how much they agreed with concepts relatedto Mibyeong on a 7-point scale from "do not agree" to "strongly agree." Respondents werealso asked to indicate how frequently they encountered various subtypes and patterns ofMibyeong, and how frequently they use listed intervention methods.Results: Data from 818 respondents were analyzed after excluding those with no clinicalexperience. On average, respondents were male general practitioners aged between 30 yearsand 49 years, working or living in metropolitan areas such as Seoul, Incheon, and Gyeonggi-do. Responses did not differ by demographics. Respondents generally thought that Mibyeongreferred to subjective or borderline findings without certain disease, and that Mibyeong hasvarious subtypes and patterns. Subtypes included fatigue, pain, and digestion problems; pat-terns were either deficiencies (e.g., qi, blood, and yin deficiency) or stagnations (e.g., liver qidepression and qi stagnation). Decoction was the most frequently used type of interventionfor Mibyeong of all items listed, followed by acupuncture and moxibustion. Patient educa-tion was also recommended, suggesting healthy eating, promoting healthy environment,and exercise.Conclusion: We were able to provide preliminary results on KM practitioners' recognition ofand interventions for Mibyeong, but further research is needed to develop a detailed defi-nition of Mibyeong and its myriad subtypes and patterns, and evaluations of the efficacy ofMibyeong interventions.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.219-226
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• 2020

Purpose: Although the Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) course is now taught internationally, it has not been implemented in Korea. In recent years, interest has increased in simulation as a teaching tool in the ATLS course. We therefore hypothesized that simulation training would be a useful adjunct to the ATLS course. Methods: We designed a 1-day curriculum that included skill development workstations, expert lectures, trauma patient simulations, and group discussion for general surgery residents. We conducted a survey to evaluate participants' level of understanding of the initial evaluation and treatment of trauma patients, their degree of knowledge and technical improvement, their satisfaction with the learning goals, and their overall satisfaction with the curriculum. We then analyzed the effects before and after the training. Results: Nine residents attended this course. None of the residents initially reported that they could perform a primary survey of trauma patients. The analysis revealed significant improvements after training in the questionnaire areas of "assembly of the team and preparation for resuscitation of a trauma patient" (p=0.008), "performance of a primary survey for trauma patients" (p=0.007), "resuscitative procedures for trauma patients" (p=0.008), "importance of re-evaluation" (p=0.007), "identifying the pitfalls associated with the initial assessment and management" (p=0.007), and "importance of teamwork" (p=0.007). Conclusions: After the ATLS simulation training, all participants showed significant improvements in their understanding of how to manage multiple trauma patients. Therefore, ATLS simulation training for residents will help in the management of trauma patients.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.97-105
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• 2002

This study attempts to develop a program for obesity prevention and management for students in primary, middle, and high school and was carried based on the program development process as suggested by Ewles and Simnett. Data were collected from September 1st to September 30th, 2000. The study method is as follows: 1) Reviewing the present obesity control programs practiced in primary, middle, and high school (196 schools total) in metropolitan, medium-sized, and small cities, 2) Surveying obesity students'(682 students total) perception of the obesity management in their school. 3) Reviewing the annual plan for obesity in primary, middle, and high schools 4) Analyzing the educational data (CD, VIDEO) for obesity The results are as below: I. The media researched related to obesity were mainly CD and video, aimed primarily primary school students and are biased in nature. 2. The results of how to manage obesity in students: the difficulty of obesity education in the primary school, is the arousal of a sense of shame among obese students and the lack of various educational data are the most. In the middle and high schools, a lack of various educational data, and no time or lack of time were prevailing concerns. Paramount in managing obesity is weight control, as answered by majority of primary, middle, and high school students. The major problem of obesity management is the non-cooperation of children. 3. Asked whether the weight controlling aspect of health care class was helpful or not, 51.4% of primary school students, and 71.6% of middle and high school students answered not. The most popular educational method used in health care class is the computer, with a 56.4% approval rating. Most 43.5% of respondents answered that they wanted the content of obesity management program to focus on how to lose weight. Therefore, based on the results, the obesity management program is constructed to the steps of assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation. Assessment includes administering surveys on health needs among students and their parents and physique tests. Planning includes the set-up of long term and short term educational goal and the establishment of an operation system. Implementation includes education, exercise, behavior modification, and health service programs. Evaluation includes step-by-step evaluations for obesity reduction. After this study is conducted, the following should be further researched: More practical and systematic obesity management programs should be developed for the evaluation results. In addition, it is important to develop an appropriate media for obesity management the primary, middle and high school students.