• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.175-184
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• 1987

The use of alkylating agent cyclophosphamide(CY), a widely used antitumor drug is well known as a potent immunosuppressant and has been used as a probe for investigating the functional capabilities of lymphocyte subsets of both T and B cells that play an important role in the regulation of the immune response. The present study was undertaken in an effort to assess the effects of CY on immunological memory in murine model. CY, given as a single dose of CY(250mg/kg) before sensitization with sheep red blood cells(SRBC) enhanced the primary response of Arthus and delayed-type hypersensitivity(DTH), as measured by footpad swelling reaction, but suppressed their tertiary DTH response. The similar CY pretreatment enhanced both the primary and tertiary hemagglutinin(HA) responses to SRBC, and the tertiary antibody response against polyvinylpyrroridone(PVP), a thymus-independent antigen but not the primary response against PVP. CY, given as a single dose of 250mg/kg 2 days before the primary immunization and two doses of 100mg/kg 2 days before the secondary and tertiary immunization, markedly suppressed the tertiary DTH and HA responses to SRBC. However, CY, given as small multiple daily doses(10mg/kg) over 4 days before sensitization but not after sensitization, enhanced the secondary HA response to SRBC. Contact sensitivity to dinitrofluorobenzene(DNFB) was suppressed by the drug, given either as a single large dose(300mg/kg) or as multiple dose(10mg/kg) administered 2 days before, together with or after DNFB sensitization. This suppression was more pronounced and more significant when CY was given as multiple dose. However, the enhancement of the secondary contact sensitivity to DNFB by CY was not clear-cut. The splenectomy appears to increase the enhancing effect of CY on contact sensitivity. These results suggest that CY selectively influences the immune response depending on the time of the drug administration relative to immunization and that the secondary or tertiary immune response involve memory cells with different susceptibilities to CY. Moreover, these results suggest that multiple low doses may sesectivley inhibit suppressor T cell proliferation involving DTH, HA or contact sensitivity without effecting helper T cells, but high doses presumably inhibit helper T cells and suppressor T cells with effecting B cells.

• The Journal of Information Technology and Database
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 2000

To provide highly available services in the distributed object system, it is required to support the object group. The state machine approach and primary-backup approach are proposed as two representative approaches for support of object group. The primary-backup approach does not only give merits such as transparency of object group and non-deterministic execution but also require less resource than state machine approach. This paper describes an extension of CORBA that is required to support of the primary-backup object group. In this paper, the state of backup is synchronized with primary through the atomic multicast protocol whenever the request of client is executed at primary. As a result, it does not require message logging and check pointing. The object group of this paper also provides fast response time in case of failure of the primary since it makes primary election unnecessary. And through an extension of IDL, it makes possible to avoid consistency control depending on characteristic of application. A prototype has been implemented and the performance of object group has been compared with a single object invocation.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.401-413
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• 2019

The concept of base isolation for equipment is well known. Its application in buildings and structures is rather challenging. Introduction of horizontal flexibility at the base helps in proper energy dissipation at the base level thus reducing the seismic demand of the super structure to be considered during design. The present study shows the results of a series of numerical simulation studies on seismic responses of secondary system (SS) housed in non-isolated and base-isolated primary structures (PS) including equipment-structure interactions. For this study the primary structure consists of two similar single bay three-store reinforced cement concrete (RCC) Frame building, one non-isolated with conventional foundation and another base isolated with Lead plug bearings (LPB) constructed at IIT Guwahati, while the secondary system is modeled as a steel frame. Time period of the base isolated building is higher than the fixed building. Due to the presence of isolator, Acceleration response is significantly reduced in both (X and Y) direction of Building. It have been found that when compared to fixed base building, the base isolated building gives better performance in high seismic prone areas.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1997.04a
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• pp.108-108
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• 1997

The effects of nalbuphine.HCI on the spontaneous locomotor activity and primary humoral immune response were investigated in ICR mice. Nalbuphine was intraperitoneally administered with the dose of 130, 260, 360 mg/kg in mice. The locomotor activity such as distance traveled was observed for 90min at 10min intervals. Nalbuphine showed the biphasic dose-response relationship on the spontaneous locomotor activity. IgM plaque forming cells(PFC) in splenocytes and IgM level in antiserum were significantly decreased depending on the dose of nalbuphine when nalbuphine was administered after the immunization, but slightly increased only at the low dose in the case of nabuphine administration after the immunization(SRBC).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.432-437
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• 2002

Immunosuppressive potential of 65 kDa buffalo placental protein (bPP65) on B-cell proliferation in vitro and antibody response in vivo was evaluated. B-cell proliferation was estimated by measuring incorporation of tritiated thymidine in buffalo lymphocytes while primary antibody responses against phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) or keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH) were evaluated in mice. bPP65 suppressed proliferation of lipopolysaccharide (a B-cell specific mitogen)-stimulated buffalo lymphocytes in vitro indicating suppression of B-cells. This suppression was dose dependent over the protein concentration range $25-100 {\mu}g/ml$. Primary antibody responses in mice against PHA and KLH in presence of bPP65 were lower as compared to in its absence but these were not statistically significant. Amino acid composition data of bPP65 and BSA suggested that bPP65 is different from BSA.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.12 no.4_1
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• pp.9-21
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• 1992

The effectiveness of the isolation system installed at the base of the primary structure and at the support of the substructure mounted on the primary structure is evaluated for reducing of structural responses under different earthquakes in this paper. The structural responses are analyzed to identify its behavior due to the input motion characteristics such as various peak acceleration and frequency content. Three analytical models are used to evaluate the effectiveness of the isolation system in this study as follows: fixed-base primary structure with support-fixed substructure, base-isolated primary structure with support-fixed substructure, and fixed-base primary structure with support-isolated substruciure. A computer code (KBISAP) is used for numerical integration of equation of motion considering the interaction between the primary structure and the secondary structure. The matrix condensation technique and constant average acceleration method are utilized in this program. And also, the effective stiffness of the base-isolator on reducing the structural response are evaluated for various earthquakes through the relationship of the acceleration - displacement.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.597-607
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• 2004

The primary interest of drug development studies is identifying the lowest dose level producing a desirable effect over that of the zero-dose control, which is referred as the minimum effective dose (MED). In this paper, we suggest a nonparametric procedure for identifying the MED with binary or ordered categorical response data. Proposed test and Williams' test are compared by Monte Carlo simulation study and discussed.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.53-59
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• 2001

The Primary Production of phytoplanktons produces organic matter in high concentration in eutrophicated Hakata Bay, Japan, even during the winter season in spite of low water temperature. Phytoplanktons are considered to have any biological capabilities to keep activities of photosynthesis under the unfavorable conditions, and this affects water quality of the bay. In this study, seasonal variations in primary production efficiency were predicted by using a simple box-type ecosystem model, which introduced the concept of efficiency for absorption of solar radiation energy in relation to growth of phytoplanktons under the low solar radiation intensity. According to the simulation result of primary production, it was organic pollution comes from dissolved organic carbon (DOC) throughout the year, DOC of which is originated from the primary production of phytoplanktons on biological response of the seasonal variation of ambient conditions.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.469-473
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• 2013

Background: The purpose of this study is to examine the risk of uncontrolled chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) among patients receiving low emetogenic chemotherapy (LEC) with and without granisetron injection as the primary prophylaxis in addition to dexamethasone and metochlopramide. Materials and Methods: This was a single-centre, prospective cohort study. A total of 96 patients receiving LEC (52 with and 42 without granisetron) were randomly selected from the full patient list generated using the e-Hospital Information System (e-His). The rates of complete control (no CINV from days 1 to 5) and complete response (no nausea or vomiting in both acute and delayed phases) were identified through patient diaries which were adapted from the MASCC Antiemesis Tool (MAT). Selected covariates including gender, age, active alcohol consumption, morning sickness and previous chemotherapy history were controlled using the multiple logistic regression analyses. Results: Both groups showed significant difference with LEC regimens (p<0.001). No differences were found in age, gender, ethnic group and other baseline characteristics. The granisetron group indicated a higher complete response rate in acute emesis (adjusted OR: 0.1; 95%CI 0.02-0.85; p=0.034) than did the non-granisetron group. Both groups showed similar complete control and complete response rates for acute nausea, delayed nausea and delayed emesis. Conclusions: Granisetron injection used as the primary prophylaxis in LEC demonstrated limited roles in CINV control. Optimization of the guideline-recommended antiemetic regimens may serve as a less costly alternative to protect patients from uncontrolled acute emesis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.647-650
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• 2014

Objective: To explore the efficiency of single application of lobaplatin in tran-scatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for patients with a primary hepatic carcinoma who were unable or unwilling to undergo surgery. Methods: 173 patients with primary hepatic carcinoma diagnosed by imaging or pathology were randomly divided into experimental and control groups and respectively treated with lobaplatin and pirarubicin hydrochloride as chemotherapeutic drugs for TACE. The amount of iodipin was regulated according to the tumor number and size, and then gelatin sponge or polyvinyl alcohol particles were applied for embolisms. The efficiency of treatment in the two groups was compared with reference to survival time and therapeutic response. Results: The experimental group (single lobaplatin as chemotherapy drug) was superior to control group (single pirarubicin hydrochloride as chemotherapy drug) in the aspects of survival time and therapeutic response, with statistical significance. Conclusions: Single lobaplatin can be as a chemotherapy drug in TACE and has better efficiency in the aspects of mean survival time and therapeutic response, deserving to be popularized in the clinic.