• Title/Summary/Keyword: Primary anxiety

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Differences in Sleep Patterns are Related to Behavior, Emotional Problems, Attention and Academic Performance in Elementary School Students of a South Korean Metropolitan City (일 도시의 초등학교 학생의 수면습관과 행동, 정서, 주의력, 학습과의 관계)

  • Tak, Hee-Jong;Lee, Ji-Ho;Lee, Chang-Myung;Chung, Seok-Hoon;Lee, Jae-Won;Sim, Chang-Sun;Yoon, Jae-Goog;Sung, Joo-Hyeon;Bhang, Soo-Young
    • Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.182-191
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    • 2011
  • Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the sleep patterns of South Korean elementary school children and whether the differences in sleep patterns were related to behavior, emotional problems, attention and academic performance. Method: This study included a community sample of 268 boys and girls from fourth-, fifth- and sixth-grade classes in a South Korean metropolitan city from November to December 2010. The primary caregivers completed a questionnaire that included information on demographic characteristics, as well as the Child's Sleep Habit Questionnaire (CSHQ), the Korean version of Child Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL), the Korean version of the Learning Disability Evaluation Scale (K-LDES), the Korean version of ADHD Rating Scale (K-ARS) and the Disruptive Behavior Disorder Scale (DBDS). We conducted analyses on the CSHQ individual items, between the subscales, on the total scores and on the K-CBCL, the K-LEDS, the K-ARS and the DBDS. Results: Based on the findings from the CHSQ, the subjects had significantly higher scores for bedtime resistance ($9.18{\pm}2.17$), delayed sleep onset ($1.32{\pm}0.62$), the sleep duration ($4.19{\pm}1.52$) and daytime sleepiness ($14.10{\pm}3.55$) than the scores from the previous reports on children from western countries. The total CHSQ score showed positive correlations to all subscales of the K-CBCL : withdrawn (r=0.24, p<.005), somatic complaint (r=0.24, p<.005) and anxious/depressive (r=0.38, p<.005). Bedtime resistance was associated with oppositional defiant disorder (r=0.15, p<.05) and a positive correlation was demonstrated between sleep anxiety and the oppositional defiant disorder score (r=0.13, p<.05), night waking and the conduct disorder score (r=0.16, p<.05). Delayed sleep onset was related with low performance on the K-LDES with respect to thinking (r=-0.17, p<.05) and mathematical calculation (r=-0.17, p<.05). Conclusion: The results of this study reconfirm Korean children's problematic sleep patterns. Taken together the results provide that the reduced sleep duration and disruption of sleep pattern can have a significant impact on emotion, behavior, performance of learning in children. Further studies concerning more diverse psychosocial factors affecting sleep pattern will be helpful to understanding of the sleep health in Korean children.

Risk Factors Related to Development of Delirium in Hospice Patients (호스피스 병동의 암환자에서 섬망 발생 위험 요인)

  • Ko, Hae Jin;Youn, Chang Ho;Chung, Seung Eun;Kim, A Sol;Kim, Hyo Min
    • Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.170-178
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    • 2014
  • Purpose: Delirium is a common and serious neuropsychiatric complication among terminally ill cancer patients. We investigated risk factors related to the development of delirium among hospice care patients. Methods: Between May 2011 and September 2012, we included patients who were mentally alert and had no psychiatric disease or drug addiction at the hospice ward of two local hospitals. Among them, participants who had been diagnosed with delirium by two doctors according to the DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-4th edition) criteria were grouped as Delirium Group. We analyzed results of psychometric and other laboratory tests performed at the time of patient's admission - psychometric tests included cognitive function (mini-mental status examination, MMSE), depression (Beck Depression Inventory, BDI), anxiety, and insomnia (Insomnia Severity Index, ISI). Logistic regression analysis was used to compare delirium and the related factors. Cox's proportional hazard model was performed using significant factors of logistic regression analysis. Results: Of the 96 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 41 (42.7%) developed delirium. According to the logistic regression analysis, primary cancer site, cognitive impairment (MMSE < 24), depression ($BDI{\geq}16$), and insomnia ($ISI{\geq}15$) were significant factors related to delirium. Among the four factors, depression (OR 5.130; 95% CI, 2.009~13.097) and cognitive impairment (OR 5.130; 95% CI, 2.009~13.097) were found significant using Cox's proportional hazard model. Conclusion: The development of delirium was significantly related to depression and cognitive impairment among patients receiving hospice care. It is necessary to carefully monitor depression and cognitive function in hospice care.

A Study of Sex-related Problems of Old Women in Kyeonggi Province, Korea (경기도 여성노인의 성의식에 관한 조사연구)

  • Park, Young-Soo;Choi, In-Sook
    • The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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    • v.5
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    • pp.71-84
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    • 2004
  • The sexual discourse has been frequent, but the subjects of it have been limited to the young, and the sex of women and that of the old people, until now, have been overlooked. According to the data in 2,000 of the Korea Statistic Service, the older-than-sixty-five-year people consist of 37.4% men and 62.6% women. Of them, the older-than-seventy-year people consist of 33.8% men and 55.2% women. The data show the fact that as the age of the old people is higher, the number of old women is enlarging. Paying attention to the above-mentioned tendency, this study conducted a survey about the aspects of the sexual consciousness of old women. The purpose of study was focused, through the survey, on discovering the ways of old women's recognization about their sexual desire, and on presenting basic data to developing the programs which could solve the problems derived from the discovery. That is to say, the purpose of it was to prevent the sexual desire's distortion and suppression of old women, if they had any, and to present basic data to developing the programs which could convert their recognization of sex. The objects of the survey were the sample group of 301 people inhabiting in Hwaseong City, Seongnam City, Yongin City, and Suwon City, chosen out of 375,298 old women of 614,316 older-than-sixty-five-year people in Kyeonggi Province (Kyeonggi Province homepage, 2002). The data were collected by the questionnairers' interviews in the fields of old men's resting house, churches, temples, old men's niversities and so like, from September 19th to September 31th in 2003. The questionnairers as volunteers were taught the prior education, being prepared for the survey about old women's sexual consciousness. The contents of education were composed of the understanding of old women, the ways of questionnairing, and the items of questionnaire. The outcomes of the survey are following; First, concerning general items, the old women of the sample group answered that they felt greatly the difficulties of health(36.5%), economy(12.0%), and loneliness(11.3%) in turn. The 48.2% of them answered that they were healthy, but the 62.3% answered that they were suffering various illnesses. The 24.4% answered they were economically rich, and the 23.9% answered they were working. The 53.5% were living alone due to divorce or death. The 71.1% had been living for more than ten years. The 83.1% believed in their own religion. Second, the 43.8% of the sample group admitted the necessity of a heterosexual friend and sexuality The 39.0% felt sexual desire, and the 33.9% were experiencing sexuality. As the obstructing factors in performing sexuality, the objects of sample group pointed out shamefulness or morality(28.7%), anxiety that such deeds might afflict their health or the problem of health itself(20.2%), weakening of sexual potency(16.9%). This outcome shows that they have ambiguous notions about their sexual alienation and manner. Third, the 33.7% of the sample group admitted sexual education and sexual counsel, and of those that admitted them, the 85.2% said that they would take part in sexual education if it were held. It shows that the demand of sexual education and sexual counsel need be fulfilled. Therefore, through this study, the following two important suggestions can be drawn: First, systematic sexual education programs should be developed, considering old people's developing steps containing their rights of health and sex. Also those should be educated through kindergartens, primary, middle and higher education institutions. Second, sexual education and sexual counsel on prospective old people and present old people should be performed.

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A Study to Determine the Effectsiveness of Severance Hospice Home Care Program (호스피스케어에 대한 평가 연구 - 세브란스호스피스 중심으로)

  • Kingsley, Marian R.N.;Cho, Won-Jung;Kim, Cho-Ja;Lee, Won-Hee;Yoo, Ji-Soo
    • The Korean Nurse
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    • v.29 no.4
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    • pp.51-72
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    • 1990
  • The purpose of this study was to determine whether Severance Hospice Home Care Pro gram was able to meet its objectives. This was done in order to show in detail the effects of hospice home care on the quality of life of terminally ill patients and to provide rationale for setting up more hospice home care programs in korea. The results of the study were as follows: The subjects of the study were 100 terminally ill patients who hnd died 'while in the hospice program and 64 family members who were registered with Severance Hospice Home Care Program between march 1988 and Feb. 1990. The nursing needs of these terminally ill patients were assessed by the nursing records of these patients. The need for pain control(82%) was the highest nursing need so far as the physical aspects were concerned. This was followed by poor appetite(37%), 8 dyspnea(34%), nausea and vomiting(30%) in that order of frequency. In reqard to spiritual needs, the need for religious' support was also high at 72%. Their main psychological symptoms were anxiety and fear(34% ). Burn-out was a major problem for 44% of the family members. The psychological process experiencel by the terminal ill patients was compared to the dying process, described by Kiibler Ross. In comparison of the five stages outlined by kubler Ross with the dying process of the subjects it was found that the subjects not only experienced the five stages but also experienced denial and doubt-fulness or denial with acceptance or acceptance with the expectation of a miracle. But rather than acceptance of the dying process, giving up was a frequent end point of the psychological process, of the subjects. However, when the combination of states was observed, most of the patients reached the state of acceptance in the dying process. It was difficult to identify a definite pattern of change in the psychological process of the subjects. Also it was difficult to identify the factors that influenced the psychological process. The symptoms of the terminally j]] subjects just before dying, that is, 3-4 days before dying included apparent signs of dying. These were a reduction of intake(77%), reduction of the amount of urination(63%), increase in sleeping time (64%) and acceptance of dying by patients and their families who had been unaccepting be before that time(66%). The primary care givers(family member's) degree of satisfaction with the care given to the patient by the hospice was 88.7%. The results of this study show that Severance Hospice Home Care Program had a positie effeet on the quality of life of the terminally ill patients and their family members as they faced the death of the patient. It can be seen from this study that there is an urgent need to extend hospice programs - in order to provide quality of care for terminally ill patient and their families. Based upon the reesults of this study several suggestions are presente as follows: 1) A follow up study should be carried out to identify the dying process as it is unique to Korea. 2) A comparison should be made of other hospice care programs. 3) A comparison study should- be made with subjects who do not receive any hospice care as compared to those who do by use of an experimental and control group methodology. 4) There is a need to determine a scientific method to adequeto measure the interventions carried out to meet the hospice patients nursing care needs. 5) A study should be made using quality research methodology to evaluate effects of hospiec care from the patients, their family members and the nurrse's perspective.

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A Study on the Direction of Policing for Effective Disaster Prevention and Management (효과적인 재난 예방 및 관리를 위한 경찰활동 방향)

  • Lee, Ju-Lak;Shin, So-Young
    • Korean Security Journal
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    • no.51
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    • pp.317-334
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    • 2017
  • The burden of addressing the damage and financial losses caused by disaster events falls primarily on local governments. Given this reality, preparing for disasters and assessing the effects of disaster management would be more effective if both were carried out at the local level. However, disaster management in South Korea is realized at the national level, revolving around the central government. The Ministry of Public Safety and Security, which was newly established after the sinking of MV Sewol, was criticized for failing to carrying out its role as a "disaster control tower" in dealing with the earthquakes near the city of Gyeongju in 2016. The criticism, as well as deep anxiety concerning the ministry's ability to effectively respond to disasters, means that there is a need for a practical alternative plan to the current method of dealing with disasters. As such, there is an increasing call to re-examine the role of the police force, which played an integral part in past disaster response efforts, in future disaster events. Among the various activities the police force performs, this study focused on one particular role and function of the police, namely community policing. Specifically, this study examined community policing within the context of local governments. The primary purpose of community policing is crime prevention. But the police must respond to citizens' expectations and desires that the police expand the scope of its role. Thus, to maximize public safety and order, the police must be actively engaged in conducting disaster response activities. Hence, this study concentrated on the measures, including community policing, that need to be taken to enable the police to respond rapidly and effectively to disaster events, thereby minimizing losses, and to contribute meaningfully to disaster recovery efforts. Because community policing requires public cooperation, community-oriented disaster response and disaster management are closely examined. This study basically seeks to expand the scope of community policing to strengthen disaster safety. Furthermore, this study aims to assert that disaster safety can be promoted by establishing a cooperation system between the police and private security; changing how the role of community policing in disaster response activities is perceived; increasing professional manpower and establishing a comprehensive and independent department dedicated to disaster-related matters; and merging consultative organizations into one organization. Additionally, this study states that an integrated CCTV platform and police cars on disaster prevention patrol duties would enhance the capability of the police to respond to disasters and perform their community policing activities.

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The Effects of Unpredictable Stress on the LHR Expression and Reproductive Functions in Mouse Models (실험적 마우스 모델에서 예측 불가능한 스트레스가 황체형성호르몬 수용체의 발현과 생식기능에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구)

  • Choi, Sung-Young;Park, Jin-Heum;Zhu, Yuxia;Kim, Young-Jong;Park, Jae-Ok;Moon, Changjong;Shin, Taekyun;Ahn, Meejung;Kim, Suk-Soo;Park, Young-Sik;Chae, Hyung-Bok;Kim, Tae-Kyun;Kim, Seung-Joon
    • Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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    • v.31 no.5
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    • pp.394-402
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    • 2014
  • The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of chronic unpredictable stress on the reproductive function and ovarian luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) expression. 9-week-old C57BL/6 female mice were randomly divided into two groups: control group and stressed group. Mice have been stressed twice a day for 35 days with 12 different stressors which were randomly selected. The results demonstrate that there is significant increase in the anxiety-related behaviors (P < 0.05), decrease body weight gain rate (P < 0.01) and decrease in the average of litter size in stressed mice compared with control group (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the rate of primary, secondary and early antral follicles in stressed mice significantly decreased (P < 0.05), whereas that of atretic follicles significantly increased compared with control mice (P < 0.01). The immunohistochemical analysis revealed that reduced LHR expression in granulosa cells of follicle and luteal cells of corpus luteum in response to chronic unpredictable stress. The western blot analysis revealed significantly decrease in LHR expression in the stressed mice ovaries compared with the control (P < 0.05). These results suggest that ovarian LHR expression affected by chronic unpredictable stress and the modulated ovarian LHR is responsible for ovarian follicular maldevelopment and reproductive dysfunction.

Illness Experiences and Palliative Care Needs in Community Dwelling Persons with Cardiometabolic Diseases (심혈관대사질환이 있는 지역사회 거주 환자의 질환경험 및 완화의료 요구)

  • Cha, EunSeok;Lee, JaeHwan;Lee, KangWook;Hwang, Yujin
    • Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.8-18
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    • 2019
  • Purpose: This study was conducted to better understand the illness experiences and palliative care needs in community-dwelling persons with cardiometabolic diseases. Methods: This qualitative descriptive study was conducted with 11 patients (and three family members) among 28 patients contacted. Interviews were led by the principal investigator in her office or at participants' home depending on their preference. All interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed by a research assistant. The interviews were analyzed by two independent researchers using a conventional method. Results: Participants' ages ranged from 42 to 82 years (nine men and two women). Three themes were identified: (1) same disease, but different illness experiences; (2) I am in charge of my disease(s); (3) preparation for disease progression. Participants were informed of the name of their disease when they were diagnosed, but not provided with explanation of the diagnosis or meant or how to do self-care to delay the disease progression, which increased the feelings of uncertainty, hopelessness and anxiety. Taking medication was considered to be the primary treatment option and self-care a supplemental one. Advanced care plans were considered when they felt the progression of their disease(s) while refraining from sharing it with their family or health care professionals to save their concerns. All participants were willing to withhold life-sustaining treatment without making any preparation in writing. Conclusion: Education on self-care and advanced care planning should be provided to community-dwelling persons with cardiometabolic diseases. A patient-centered education program needs to be developed for this population.

Space Usage and Satisfaction with Privacy in General Hospital Inpatients (종합병원 입원환자의 공간사용 및 프라이버시 만족도)

  • Choi, In Young;Park, Hey Kyung
    • Korea Science and Art Forum
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    • v.36
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    • pp.391-400
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    • 2018
  • To ensure a user-centered treatment environment, hospital construction needs an approach that is not centered on functional aspects such as efficiency or economic feasibility but on the consideration of needs as reflected in user psychology and behavior. Patients who are physically and psychologically vulnerable experience psychological pressure when they are placed in an unfamiliar environment. Most of existing studies however focus on the evaluation of the physical environment, without paying attention to the psychological or behavioral approach to anxiety and stress that patients may experience in a special environment that a hospital may be to them. This study examines general hospital inpatients to understand the usage of major space available and their satisfaction with privacy. This study provides useful primary information needed for the user-centered design of general hospital for improved patient health and welfare. For the purpose of the study, literature review, site investigation, and survey were conducted. Major functional space and privacy in general hospitals were studied, and the site investigation was performed to identify the plans and their status. Survey was also performed to understand the usage of functional space and satisfaction with such space usage as well as satisfaction with privacy. The findings were as follows: (1) Space usage was rated as average in general. It was found that patients used their rooms and lobby on a daily basis. By age, the usage was highest in the group in their 40s; the usage was relatively lower in the groups in their 30s or younger. (2) Space satisfaction was above average, indicating that patients were fairly satisfied. Satisfaction was highest in the lobby space designed with distinct features. By case, satisfaction was highest in Case B, characterized by its wide horizontal space in the rural settings. (3) Satisfaction with privacy in hospital was average, indicating that the demand for privacy was relatively higher but what patients receive in return was lower than their expectation. It was also found that satisfaction with privacy was a crucial element that affected the overall satisfaction with hospital.