Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (대한소아청소년정신의학회)
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Differences in Sleep Patterns are Related to Behavior, Emotional Problems, Attention and Academic Performance in Elementary School Students of a South Korean Metropolitan City

일 도시의 초등학교 학생의 수면습관과 행동, 정서, 주의력, 학습과의 관계

  • Tak, Hee-Jong (Department of Psychiatry, Ulsan University Hospital, College of Medicine University of Ulsan) ;
  • Lee, Ji-Ho (Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan) ;
  • Lee, Chang-Myung (College of Engineering, University of Ulsan) ;
  • Chung, Seok-Hoon (Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan Asan Medical Center) ;
  • Lee, Jae-Won (National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Sim, Chang-Sun (Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan) ;
  • Yoon, Jae-Goog (Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan) ;
  • Sung, Joo-Hyeon (Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan) ;
  • Bhang, Soo-Young (Department of Psychiatry, Ulsan University Hospital, College of Medicine University of Ulsan)
  • 탁희종 (울산대학교 의과대학 울산대학교병원 정신과학교실) ;
  • 이지호 (울산대학교 의과대학 울산대학교병원 산업의학과학교실) ;
  • 이장명 (울산대학교 공과대학) ;
  • 정석훈 (울산대학교 의과대학 서울아산병원 정신과학교실) ;
  • 이재원 (국립환경과학원 실내환경과) ;
  • 심창선 (울산대학교 의과대학 울산대학교병원 산업의학과학교실) ;
  • 윤재국 (울산대학교 의과대학 울산대학교병원 산업의학과학교실) ;
  • 성주현 (울산대학교 의과대학 울산대학교병원 산업의학과학교실) ;
  • 방수영 (울산대학교 의과대학 울산대학교병원 정신과학교실)
  • Received : 2011.06.01
  • Accepted : 2011.07.28
  • Published : 2011.09.30
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Abstract

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the sleep patterns of South Korean elementary school children and whether the differences in sleep patterns were related to behavior, emotional problems, attention and academic performance. Method: This study included a community sample of 268 boys and girls from fourth-, fifth- and sixth-grade classes in a South Korean metropolitan city from November to December 2010. The primary caregivers completed a questionnaire that included information on demographic characteristics, as well as the Child's Sleep Habit Questionnaire (CSHQ), the Korean version of Child Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL), the Korean version of the Learning Disability Evaluation Scale (K-LDES), the Korean version of ADHD Rating Scale (K-ARS) and the Disruptive Behavior Disorder Scale (DBDS). We conducted analyses on the CSHQ individual items, between the subscales, on the total scores and on the K-CBCL, the K-LEDS, the K-ARS and the DBDS. Results: Based on the findings from the CHSQ, the subjects had significantly higher scores for bedtime resistance ($9.18{\pm}2.17$), delayed sleep onset ($1.32{\pm}0.62$), the sleep duration ($4.19{\pm}1.52$) and daytime sleepiness ($14.10{\pm}3.55$) than the scores from the previous reports on children from western countries. The total CHSQ score showed positive correlations to all subscales of the K-CBCL : withdrawn (r=0.24, p<.005), somatic complaint (r=0.24, p<.005) and anxious/depressive (r=0.38, p<.005). Bedtime resistance was associated with oppositional defiant disorder (r=0.15, p<.05) and a positive correlation was demonstrated between sleep anxiety and the oppositional defiant disorder score (r=0.13, p<.05), night waking and the conduct disorder score (r=0.16, p<.05). Delayed sleep onset was related with low performance on the K-LDES with respect to thinking (r=-0.17, p<.05) and mathematical calculation (r=-0.17, p<.05). Conclusion: The results of this study reconfirm Korean children's problematic sleep patterns. Taken together the results provide that the reduced sleep duration and disruption of sleep pattern can have a significant impact on emotion, behavior, performance of learning in children. Further studies concerning more diverse psychosocial factors affecting sleep pattern will be helpful to understanding of the sleep health in Korean children.

Keywords

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