• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.115-127
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• 2017

Coal tar-coated pipes buried in a domestic nuclear power plant have operated under the cathodic protection. This work conducted the simulation of the coating performance of these pipes using a FEM method. The pipes, being ductile cast iron have been suffered under considerably high cathodic protection condition beyond the appropriate condition. However, cathodic potential measured at the site revealed non-protected status. Converting from 3D CAD data of the power plant to appropriate type for a FEM simulation was conducted and cathodic potential under the applied voltage and current was calculated using primary and secondary current distribution and physical conditions. FEM simulation for coal tar-coated pipe without defects revealed over-protection condition if the pipes were well-coated. However, the simulation for coal tar-coated pipes with many defects predict that the coated pipes may be severely degraded. Therefore, for high risk pipes, direct examination and repair or renewal of pipes are strongly recommended.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.84-93
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• 2014

Objectives: The incidence and survival rate of colorectal cancer in Korea are increasing because of improved screening, treatment technologies, and lifestyle changes. In this aging population, increases in economic cost result. This study was conducted to estimate the economic burden of colorectal cancer utilizing claims data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. Methods: Economic burdens of colorectal cancer were estimated using prevalence data and patients were defined as those who received ambulatory treatment from medical institutions or who had been hospitalized due to colorectal cancer under the International Classification of Disease 10th revision codes from C18-C21. The economic burdens of colorectal cancer were calculated as direct costs and indirect costs. Results: The prevalence rate (per 100 000 people) of those who were treated for colorectal cancer during 2010 was 165.48. The economic burdens of colorectal cancer in 2010 were 3 trillion and 100 billion Korean won (KRW), respectively. Direct costs included 1 trillion and 960 billion KRW (62.85%), respectively and indirect costs were 1 trillion and 160 billion (37.15%), respectively. Conclusions: Colorectal cancer has a large economic burden. Efforts should be made to reduce the economic burden of the disease through primary and secondary prevention.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.82-89
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• 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of hospital-based pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) on exercise capacity and quality of life as well as barriers to participation in persons with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in South Korea. Design: One-group pretest-posttest design. Methods: A total of 14 patients were enrolled in this study in an 8-week PR program with two 60-minute sessions per week. The program included: flexibility exercises, breathing techniques, strengthening exercises, and aerobic exercises. The outcomes were defined as changes in the variables before and after the PR program. A change in the 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) was defined as the primary outcome, and changes in pulmonary function test, respiratory and grip strength, and the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) about quality-of-life results were secondary outcomes. A dropout was defined as missing >3 of the 16 sessions. Results: Patients who completed the program showed a significant improvement of 43.57±39.43 m in the 6MWD (p<0.05), but no significant differences were noted for the other function tests. The SGRQ showed a significant improvement in the activity and total score (p<0.05). The total dropout rate was 53.3%. Newly developed symptoms, exacerbation of COPD, transport problems, and lack of motivation were major barriers to PR. Conclusions: Our study showed that an 8-week hospital-based PR program improved exercise capacity and quality of life but had a high dropout rate in individuals with COPD. Since comprehensive PR has only recently been established in South Korea, patient motivation and education are critical.

• 한국간담췌외과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most diagnosed cancer worldwide. Healthcare resource constraints may predispose treatment delays. We aim to review existing literature on whether delayed treatment results in worse outcomes in HCC. PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and Scopus were systematically searched from inception till December 2022. Primary outcomes were overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Secondary outcomes included post-treatment mortality, readmission rates, and complications. Fourteen studies with a total of 135,389 patients (delayed n = 25,516, no delay n = 109,873) were included. Age, incidence of male patients, Child-Pugh B cirrhosis, and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Stage 0/A HCC were comparable between delayed and no delay groups. Tumor size was significantly smaller in delayed versus no delay group (mean difference, -0.70 cm; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -1.14, 0.26; p = 0.002). More patients received radiofrequency ablation in delayed versus no delay group (OR, 1.22; 95% CI: 1.16, 1.27; p < 0.0001). OS was comparable between delayed and no delay in HCC treatment (hazard ratio [HR], 1.13; 95% CI: 0.99, 1.29; p = 0.07). Comparable DFS between delayed and no delay groups (HR, 0.99; 95% CI: 0.75, 1.30; p = 0.95) was observed. Subgroup analysis of studies that defined treatment delay as > 90 days showed comparable OS in the delayed group (HR, 1.04; 95% CI: 0.93, 1.16; p = 0.51). OS and DFS for delayed treatment were non-inferior compared to no delay, but might be due to better tumor biology/smaller tumor size in the delayed group.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.622-628
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• 2008

목 적 : 본 연구는 우리나라 소아에서 면역원성에 근거한 추가접종의 필요성 여부를 확인하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 2006년 9월부터 2006년 12월까지 강남 차병원에 내원하여 검사를 위해 혈액 채취의 기회가 있었던 12-23개월 사이의 소아 39명을 대상으로 하였다. 7가 폐렴사슬알균 단백결합 백신의 접종력에 따라 기초접종 군과 추가접종 군으로 나누었다. 백신에 포함된 혈청형(4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, 23F)에 대하여 각각의 폐렴사슬알균 피막다당질 항체를 3세대 효소면역측정법으로 측정하였다. 결 과 : 각 혈청형에 대한 폐렴사슬알균 피막다당질 항체의 기하평균은 기초접종만 완료한 군보다 추가접종을 완료한 군에서 높았다(P<0.05). 폐렴사슬알균 피막다당질 항체가가 $0.35{\mu}g/mL$ 이상인 비율은 기초접종과 추가접종 군 모두에서 90.5-100%였다. 폐렴사슬알균 피막다당질 항체가가 $1.0{\mu}g/mL$ 이상인 비율은 추가접종 군에서 94.4-100%로 혈청형 6B와 14를 제외하고는 기초접종 군 보다 높았다(P<0.05). 폐렴사슬알균 피막다당질 항체가가 $5.0{\mu}g/mL$ 이상인 비율은 추가접종 군에서 50.0-94.4%로 모든 혈청형에서 기초접종 군 보다 높았다(P<0.05). 결 론 : 우리나라 소아에서 추가접종 후의 면역원성은 매우 좋았고 기초접종 이후에도 비교적 좋음을 알 수 있었다. 우리나라에 폐렴사슬알균 단백결합 백신의 도입과 접종 횟수를 결정하기 위해서는 전향적인 면역원성 연구가 지속되어야 할 것이라 생각된다.

• 정보교육학회논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.167-174
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• 2015

최근 3D 프린팅의 영향력에 대한 관심의 증가와 3D 프린터의 저가 공급으로 인해 가까운 장래에 공교육 현장에도 3D 프린터가 교육 기자재로 도입될 것이다. 미래창조과학부와 산업통상자원부 합동으로 3D 프린팅 산업 발전 전략을 마련하여 초 중등의 교육과정에 3D 프린팅 개념 이해와 실습 내용을 포함한 시범 교육을 수행하도록 하고 있다. 그러나 교육 현장에 3D 프린터가 도입될 것이라고 하지만 이에 대응하기 위한 교육 내용과 방법에 대한 연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 3D 프린터를 사용하기 위해 선결 능력인 3D 모델링 능력을 위한 다양한 3D 모델링 소프트웨어를 분석하고 이를 초등교과에 도입할 수 있도록 창의적 디자인 모델(creative design spiral)에 기반한 교육 프로그램을 고안하고 적용하였다.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.77-90
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• 2007

In this special article, we presented the organization of the work group, basic principles of the algorithm, future plan and methods for developing a treatment algorithm for panic disorder in Korea. The psychiatrist work group from the Korean Association of Anxiety Disorders began to develop a treatment algorithm designed to improve the management of Korean patients with panic disorder by incorporating better evaluation techniques and treatment procedures. We have reviewed the treatment guidelines and algorithms for panic disorder published thus far, including the Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients with Panic Disorder established by the American Psychiatric Association, the Management of Anxiety (Panic Disorder, with or without Agoraphobia, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder) in Adults in Primary, Secondary and Community Care established by the National Institute for Clinical Excellence, and the Clinical Practice Guidelines established by the Canadian Psychiatric Association. We developed the basic materials to be used in the treatment algorithm for the management of panic disorder in Korea. Therefore, in this special article, we intro-duce the goal of the algorithm and the details of the algorithm development.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.1791-1796
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• 2014

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer death among Vietnamese Americans, yet screening remains underutilized. We investigated the effectiveness of a culturally tailored DVD intervention in promoting CRC screening among unscreened Vietnamese Americans age 50 and over. Materials and Methods: Using a community-based participatory research approach, we conducted a trial comparing twenty-eight subjects who received a mailed DVD in Vietnamese, with twenty-eight subjects who received a mailed brochure in Vietnamese. Subjects completed telephone surveys at baseline, One-month, and one-year. The primary outcome was receipt of screening. Secondary measures were participants' knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about CRC screening. Two focus groups explored the intervention's acceptability and effectiveness. Results: At one year, CRC screening rates of 57.1% and 42.9% were observed in experimental and control group respectively (p=0.42), Subjects in both groups showed increased knowledge about CRC after one month. Focus group findings revealed that the DVD was an effective method of communicating information and would help promote screening. Conclusions: The findings suggest that culturally tailored, linguistically appropriate content is more important than the type of media used. This relatively low intensity, low cost intervention utilizing a DVD can be another useful method for outreach to the often hard-to-reach unscreened population.

• 컴퓨터교육학회논문지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.69-80
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• 2016

21세기 핵심역량으로 컴퓨팅 사고력이 주목받으면서 컴퓨터 프로그래밍 교육이 초 중등학교에서 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구는 학생들의 성별 차이에 따른 컴퓨터 프로그래밍 학습 결과를 분석하고 차이의 원인을 밝히는데 목적을 두었다. 또한 성별 차이와 더불어 학습결과의 차이를 가져오는 변수로서 학생들의 추상적 사고수준에 초점을 두었고 프로그래밍 언어로는 C언어와 러플(RUR-PLE)을 사용하였다. 컴퓨팅 사고력의 핵심 요소인 추상화(abstraction)의 개념에 초점을 두고 고등학생 587명의 추상적 사고수준을 조사한 후, 다양한 프로그램 구조를 이해하는데 있어서 남 여학생들이 추상적 사고수준이 어떤 영향을 미치는지 분석하였다. 이를 통해 향후 컴퓨터 프로그래밍 능력을 향상시키기 위하여 남녀학생들 장점은 향상시키면서 단점을 보완할 수 있는 컴퓨터 프로그래밍 교육방법을 제언하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.11-50
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• 2023

As the field of interventional pain management (IPM) grows, the risk of surgical site infections (SSIs) is increasing. SSI is defined as an infection of the incision or organ/space that occurs within one month after operation or three months after implantation. It is also common to find patients with suspected infection in an outpatient clinic. The most frequent IPM procedures are performed in the spine. Even though primary pyogenic spondylodiscitis via hematogenous spread is the most common type among spinal infections, secondary spinal infections from direct inoculation should be monitored after IPM procedures. Various preventive guidelines for SSI have been published. Cefazolin, followed by vancomycin, is the most commonly used surgical antibiotic prophylaxis in IPM. Diagnosis of SSI is confirmed by purulent discharge, isolation of causative organisms, pain/tenderness, swelling, redness, or heat, or diagnosis by a surgeon or attending physician. Inflammatory markers include traditional (C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and white blood cell count) and novel (procalcitonin, serum amyloid A, and presepsin) markers. Empirical antibiotic therapy is defined as the initial administration of antibiotics within at least 24 hours prior to the results of blood culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing. Definitive antibiotic therapy is initiated based on the above culture and testing. Combination antibiotic therapy for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria infections appears to be superior to monotherapy in mortality with the risk of increasing antibiotic resistance rates. The never-ending war between bacterial resistance and new antibiotics is continuing. This article reviews prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infection in pain medicine.