• 대한수학교육학회지:수학교육학연구
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.469-489
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• 2017

교사는 교수학적 변환의 핵심적인 주체이다. 교사가 교육과정과 교과서에서 제시된 수학적 지식을 수업에서 가르칠 지식으로 변환하는 과정에는 교사의 개인적 요인들뿐만 아니라 교실 안팎의 환경과 제약들이 지대한 영향을 미치게 된다. 따라서 교사의 교수학적 변환을 이해하기 위해서는 제도적, 사회적 요인들이 교수학적 변환 과정에 어떠한 영향을 미치고 있는지를 광범위하게 파악하고 분석할 필요가 있다. 교사의 교수학적 변환 과정에 영향을 미치는 요인들과 제약들을 분석하고 확인하는 것은 교사의 교수학적 변환을 심도 깊게 이해하고 교사의 수업 실행을 향상시킬 수 있는 중요한 기회를 제공한다. 이에 본 연구는 중등수학교사들의 반성적 저널을 활용하여 교사들의 교수학적 변환에 영향을 미치는 요인을 탐색함으로써 그들의 교수학적 변환에 대한 인식을 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 교사들의 교수학적 변환에 영향을 미치는 다섯 가지 요인들을 확인하였으며, 다섯 가지 요인들이 교수학적 변환에 영향을 미치는 정도는 교사들마다 다르게 나타났다. 연구 결과를 바탕으로 교사들의 교수학적 변환에 도움을 줄 수 있는 방안들을 논의하였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권24호
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• pp.10729-10733
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• 2015

Background: Adjuvant androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a treatment option for prostate cancer (PC) patients after radical prostatectomy (RP). Although it can achieve a good progression-free survival rate, some patients still develop clinical metastasis. We here investigated risk factors of clinical metastasis in post-prostatectomy patients who received immediate adjuvant ADT. Materials and Methods: We identified 197 patients with non-metastatic PC who underwent RP at our institution between 2000 and 2012, followed by adjuvant ADT. The associations of various clinicopathologic factors with clinical metastasis (primary endpoint) and cancer-specific survival (secondary endpoint) were assessed. Multivariate analysis was conducted using a Cox proportional hazards model. Median follow-up was 87 months after RP. Results: Nine (4.6%) patients developed clinical metastasis and six (3.0%) died from PC. Eight of nine metastatic patients had a pathologic Gleason score (GS) 9 and developed bone metastasis, while the remaining one had pathologic GS 7 and developed metastasis only to para-aortic lymph nodes. On multivariate analyses, pathologic GS ${\geq}9$ and regional lymph node metastasis (pN1) were independent predictors of clinical metastasis and pathologic GS ${\geq}9$ was an independent predictor of cancer-specific death. Conclusions: Pathologic GS ${\geq}9$ and pN1 were independent predictors of clinical metastasis in post-prostatectomy patients who received immediate adjuvant ADT. Furthermore, pathologic GS ${\geq}9$ was an indispensable condition for bone metastasis, which may imply that patients with GS ${\leq}8$ on adjuvant ADT are unlikely to develop bone metastasis.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.6-20
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• 2019

Learning analytics, or educational data mining, is an emerging field that applies data mining methods and tools for the exploitation of data coming from educational environments. Learning management systems, like Moodle, offer large amounts of data concerning students' activity, performance, behavior, and interaction with their peers and their tutors. The analysis of these data can be elaborated to make decisions that will assist stakeholders (students, faculty, and administration) to elevate the learning process in higher education. In this work, the power of Excel is exploited to analyze data in Moodle, utilizing an e-learning course developed for enhancing the information computer technology skills of school teachers in primary and secondary education in Greece. Moodle log files are appropriately manipulated in order to trace daily and weekly activity of the learners concerning distribution of access to resources, forum participation, and quizzes and assignments submission. Learners' activity was visualized for every hour of the day and for every day of the week. The visualization of access to every activity or resource during the course is also obtained. In this fashion teachers can schedule online synchronous lectures or discussions more effectively in order to maximize the learners' participation. Results depict the interest of learners for each structural component, their dedication to the course, their participation in the fora, and how it affects the submission of quizzes and assignments. Instructional designers may take advice and redesign the course according to the popularity of the educational material and learners' dedication. Moreover, the final grade of the learners is predicted according to their previous grades using multiple linear regression and sensitivity analysis. These outcomes can be suitably exploited in order for instructors to improve the design of their courses, faculty to alter their educational methodology, and administration to make decisions that will improve the educational services provided.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.425-430
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• 2023

Background: It is acknowledged that legislation acts as a motivator for organizational action on psychosocial risks. Our study aims to provide evidence on the relationship between key occupational safety and health (OSH) policy principles and organizational action on work-related stress, and, in turn, with reported employee job demands and resources and their experience of work-related stress. We focus on Italy where specific legislation and practices on work-related stress were introduced in 2008 which are underpinned by these key OSH policy principles. Methods: Secondary analysis of the Italian samples from the employer ESENER-2 and employee 6th EWCS surveys was conducted, using path analysis in structural equation modeling (SEM) linking the two datasets. Results: We found a strong statistically significant relationship between OSH policy principles and organizational action on work-related stress (C.I. = .62-.78 p < .001). The existence of an organizational action plan on work-related stress was found to be significantly associated with more reported job resources (C.I. = .02-.24, p < .05) but these were not found to be significantly associated with less work-related stress. No significant association was found between having an organizational action plan for work-related stress and reported job demands. However, job demands were significantly related to reported work-related stress (C.I. = .27-.47, p < .001). Conclusions: Findings add support to the call for specific legislation on work-related psychosocial risks and highlight how an organizational OSH culture underpinned by key OSH principles, and awareness/competence development on psychosocial risk management can have a positive effect on organizational action. However, further support needs to be provided to organizations around developing primary prevention interventions at the organizational level with the aim of reducing job demands.

• 한국인구학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국인구학회 2006년도 후기학술대회 및 정기총회
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• pp.113-128
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• 2006

본 연구는 지난 30년간(1975년${\sim}$2004년) 한국의 경제성장과정에서 교육부문별(초등 ${\cdot}$ 중등 ${\cdot}$ 고등교육) 역할을 추정하는 데 주목적이 있다. 본 연구방법은 첫째, 신고전학파 Solow의 외생적 경제성장이론을 접목한 Cobb-Douglas 모형을 확장하여 1인당 경제성장 추정을 위한 내생성장모형을 제시하였다. 둘째, 자료 한계를 극복하기 위하여 동 아시아 7개국 자료를 바탕으로 시계열 및 횡단면 자료를 블록으로 구축하여 앞의 내생성장모형을 이용하여 pooling방법으로 1인당 경제성장에 물적자본, 단순노동력, 인적자본, 지적자본(R&D), 초기년도의 기술수준 등의 기여분을 추정하였다. 이러한 각 생산요소의 직접적인 추정결과로부터 각 요소간(고등교육, 중등교육, 지적자본) 상호작용으로 인한 간접적인 기여분을 재 추정하여 보정된 결과를 제시하였다. 1975년${\sim}$2004년간 한국의 경제성장 과정에서 인적자본요소 중 중등교육의 역할이 가장 큰 87.0%, 물적자본이 39.6%, 초등교육이 6.6%, R&D자본이 24.1%를 보였으며 중등교육과 R&D자본에 간접적으로 기여한 대학교육이 -53.9%, 지식 ${\cdot}$ 정보기반사회의 의미가 감소한 단순노동력은 -1.4%, 기술추격을 가능케 하는 1975년도 초기기술수준이 -3.0%의 추정결과를 보여주고 있다.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈C:초등수학교육
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.121-142
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• 2001

The goal of the National Assessment of Educational Achievement(NAEA) 2001 was to affirm the accountability of school education, to scientifically manage and elevate the quality of education at the national level, and to articulate the final design of the NAEA. It was implemented on June 28th of the year 2001. The assessment frame for NAEA includes the achievement standards, the assessment standards, the instruction for the item development, and the grading policy for mathematics subject. Most of items are multiple-choice types, but the performance-based items should be at least thirty percent of the total items, also 30% in case of mathematics. Approximately 1% of students among entire population of the Grades 6 were randomly selected. Therefore, the finally sampled examines were 8023 at Grade 6. The result of the analysis of the NAEA revealed that Grade 6 students was labelled as ‘average’ level in general (Number and Operation: average, Geometric figures: average, Patterns and Functions: excellent, Measurements: average, Letters and Expressions: average, Probability and Statistics: average). The most characteristic finding was that except for Grade 6(its average is 69.92), most secondary students obtained low test scores and its average of each grade is below 50 out of 100. Especially, the scores on the performance-based items were by and large very low. This finding implies that Korean students are not familiar with the kind of test items which requires expression of ideas and feelings and they are rather familiar with the multiple-choice items. Another interesting finding was that the students in small towns and remote areas showed significantly low scores in all four skills compared with Seoul, metropolitan cities and medium and small cities. This may be attributed from the fact that the remote areas do not have equal learning environment with regard to social and cultural experience, supply of various teaching materials, extracurricular lessons which are directly related to teaching and learning. These findings may be utilized as a reliable resource fur improving curriculum and teaching and learning in Mathematics.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈C:초등수학교육
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.21-39
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• 2001

This study is to develop assessment framework, test items and questionnaire for the National Assessment of Educational Achievement(NAEA), which administered in the elementary and secondary schools across the country in this year(2000). According to the first year study result of the NAEA, the test was administered in two core subjects, Mathematics and Social Studies. In this study, test items and sets of questionnaire and administered pretest were developed in the last year. In this year, the NAEA was administered with the adjusted test items and questionnaires and the results was analyzed and would be reported to the public. NAEA was developed on the basis of national curriculum, especially of the nature and objectives of subject curriculum in Mathematics (and also Social Studies). In the framework of assessment, we set up four differentiated levels of student achievement:‘under basic’,‘basic’,‘intermediary’, and ‘advanced’. Here ‘the intermediary level’means the level of educational achievement in which students can understand average content of subject curriculum. ‘Advanced level ’indicates the level of educational achievement in which students master all the content of subject curriculum and apply basic concepts and principles to a variety of situations. ‘The basic level’means the level of educational achievement in which students do not achieve the intermediary level. Students who do not understand average content of subject curriculum are classified as belonging to the basic level. Finally, this study would explain how to administer and analyze the test int he future. The test result was analyzed to report students’s educational achievement according to regions, content area, behavioral characteristics, and etc. This study would show how to report test results and how to set up student’s academic achievement.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.97-108
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• 2022

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to confirm the efficacy and safety of Gongjin-dan and Ssanghwatang for chronic fatigue. Methods : A total of 90 people, between 19 and 65 years old, will be recruited to participate in a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled a clinical trial. Participants in the Gongjin-dan group will take one pill of Gongjin-dan along with three packs of placebo oral liquid Ssanghwa-tang per day for 4 weeks. Participants in the Ssanghwa-tang group will take three packages of liquid Ssanghwa-tang and one placebo Gongjindan pill per day for 4 weeks. In the placebo group, participants will take one pill of placebo Gongjin-dan and three packs of placebo liquid Ssanghwa-tang per day, for 4 weeks. Outcomes will be measured at the baseline, 4^th week, and 6^th week. The primary outcome is the change in the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS). Secondary outcomes are the change of Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory-20 (MFI-20), Chalder Fatigue Scale (CFQ), Short-Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36), Korean Version of Schedule of Fatigue and Anergy/General Physician (SOFA/GP), Glucose, Lactate, Ammonia, Free Fatty Acid (FAA), d-ROMs&BAP, Selenium, and Cortisol. Results : This trial was approved by the institutional review board of Pusan National University Korean Medicine Hospital (registry number: PNUKHIRB 2021-10-005). Recruitment opened in November 2021 and is supposed to be completed by December 2022. Conclusions : This trial will provide clinical information to determine the efficacy and safety of Gongjindan and Ssanghwa-tang for chronic fatigue.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.139-146
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• 2012

Obese postmenopausal women increase their risk of developing breast cancer (BC), in particular if they display an android-type pattern of adiposity, which is also associated to increased risks of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. In order to explore the associations among anthropometry (body mass index, body composition, somatotype), some specific items of medical history (diabetes, hypertension, dislypidemias, hyperuricemia) and the risk of BC in Uruguayan women, a case-control study was carried out between 2004-2009 at our Oncology Unit. 912 women of ages between 23-69 years (367 new BC cases and 545 non hospitalized, age-matched controls with a normal mammography) were interviewed. Twenty body measurements were taken in order to calculate body composition and somatotype. Patients were queried on socio-demographics, reproductive history, family history of cancer, a brief food frequency questionnaire and on personal history of diabetes, dislypidemias, hyperuricemia, hypertension and gallbladder stones. Uni- and multivariate analyses were done, generating odds ratios (ORs) as an expression of relative risks. A personal history of diabetes was positively associated to BC risk (OR=1.64, 95% CI 1.00-2.69), being higher among postmenopausal women (OR=1.92, 95% CI 1.04-3.52). The risks of BC for diabetes in postmenopausal women with overweight combined with dislypidemia (OR=9.33, 95% CI 2.10-41.5) and high fat/muscle ratio (OR=7.81, 95% CI 2.01-30.3) were significantly high. As a conclusion, a personal history of diabetes and overweight was strongly associated to BC. The studied sample had a subset of high-risk of BC featured by postmenopausal overweight and diabetic women, who also had a personal history of hypertension and/or dyslipidemia. The present results could contribute to define new high risk groups and individuals for primary as well as for secondary prevention, since this pattern linked to the metabolic syndrome is usually not considered for BC prevention.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.181-189
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• 2007

This study aims to conduct research into the property of costumeplay that has been established with our unique characteristics despite the critics from the existing generation, and the cospre style preferred by costumeplayers. The research methods include literature study, existing research, and a survey targeting costumeplayers who make costumes upon order or borrow costumes on websites. The findings are as follows. 1. From the results of the survey, 77% of the participants in the costumeplay were secondary school students, 16% were college students, and 5% were primary school students. 2. The distribution of the residences of the costumeplayers was found to be mostly centered in two areas including Seoul/Gyeonggi and Gyeongsang/Busan, which were 39% and 37% each. This is probably because Seoul Comic and Busan Comic were regularly taking place, and these are relatively economically affluent areas and locations where the rapid exchange of Japanese culture occurs. 3. For the cospre style preferred by costumeplayers, 57% of respondents preferred costumes for reviving characters, 18% of them for fan-cospre and 14% of them for reviving a character and creating new characters. Costumeplayers preferred cospre costumes for reviving characters rather than for creating new characters. 4. Most respondents preferred a character-oriented design, posting 31.9%. Next, 17.5% of them selected the Lolita look This is probably because the Lolita look which is much favored in the latest fashion trends affects them, and the rest of the respondents preferred a fantasy/SF group, visual, uniform, and maid look, in order. 5. For costs required for costumeplay for 1 time, 39% of respondents spent about KRW $100,000{\sim}150,000$, and 24% of them about KRW $150,000{\sim}200,000$. However, for buying accessories or small items, over 50% of them spent KRW $30,000{\sim}40,000$.