• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.162-167
• /
• 2017

The chevron rubber spring is used for subway vehicle as a primary suspension. Generally, the primary suspension has an influence to the running performance and not so much effect on the ride comfort in railway vehicle. But the stiffness of chevron spring is harder and harder as time goes on because of rubber characteristics. Therefore the dynamic characteristics such as ride comfort and derailment coefficient should be reviewed according to the stiffness variation of chevron rubber spring. In this paper the effect of chevron rubber spring on dynamic characteristics was studied by considering multi-body dynamics of railway vehicle on one straight line and seven curved lines.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 전기기기 및 에너지변환시스템부문
• /
• pp.34-36
• /
• 2005

In this paper, dynamic simulation results for magnetically-levitated vehicles are presented. The dynamic equations and models for a half-bogie system are derived. They include primary suspension system, module, secondary suspension and cabin. Also, the dynamic characteristics for the derived models are analysed.

• 한국세라믹학회지
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.74-82
• /
• 1992

Ultra-fine calcium phosphate powders were synthesized by the reaction of Ca(OH)2 suspension with various phosphoric aqueous solutions such as (NH4)2HPO4, H4P2O7 and H3PO4, and the characterization of powders was examined for each synthetic condition. When (NH4)2HPO4 and H3PO4 were used, hydroxyapatite powders with poor crystallinity were obtained. In the case of H4P2O7, amorphous calcium phosphate was obtained up to 0.3 mol/ι Ca(OH)2 suspension, but above the concentration, poor crystalline hydroxyapatite was produced. Crystalline phases of powders heat-treated at 80$0^{\circ}C$ were hydroxyapatite, $\beta$-tricalcium phosphate and $\beta$-tricalcium phosphate for the case of (NH4)2HPO4, H4P2O7 and H3PO4, respectively. SEM observation revealed that the shapes of synthesized powders were vigorously agglomerated spherical with the size below 100 nm, but TEM observation revealed that primary shapes of particles were rod for (NH4)2HPO4 and H3PO4 and were sphere for H4P2O7. There was no dependence of the concentration of Ca(OH)2 suspension. In the case that reaction temperature and pH of the suspension were raised, the inclination to the hydroxyapatite were remarkable. The amorphous calcium phosphate synthesized in this experiment contained water about 20% , and was crystallized to $\beta$-tricalcium phosphate at 69$0^{\circ}C$.

• 한국기계가공학회지
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.57-65
• /
• 2016

The suspension system of a subway vehicle is composed of $1^{st}$ and $2^{nd}$ springs. The suspension system is the most important parameter in determining the vibration ride comfort. If the $1^{st}$ suspension spring is designed as a spring with strong stiffness to improve the running stability at high speed, it causes vehicle vibrations. In this paper, by testing and analyzing changes of the characteristics of Chevron springs, which have been the primary suspension springs used for about 20 years, we study how changing the characteristics affects vehicle acceleration and ride comfort. The lateral and longitudinal vibrational ride comfort index levels were lower than the vertical ones. Therefore, as increasing the stiffness of Chevron springs has the greatest effect on the vertical vibrational ride comfort index level, a countermeasure for vertical vibration reduction is needed when the stiffness increases owing to aging. Finally, maintenance guidelines, including the replacement time for the Chevron rubber, were proposed based on these findings.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.184-190
• /
• 2015

NVH engineering has become a hot issue due to radical technology changes and development in automotive industry since customers' expectations and needs for their vehicle is taken to a higher level. However, the source identification and quantification of the road noise within a vehicle is still not at the level where it needs to be to meet their expectations due to its' complex transfer path and difficulties in path optimization. The primary focus of this research is on direct force obtaining method at suspension hard points using suspension test rig. Directly obtained forces at suspension to body mounting points are critical and crucial for determining the effects of design changes of the suspension has on road noise performance. Direct force obtaining method has its limitation in sensor installation within an actual vehicle therefore, many has been indirectly calculating forces using full matrix inversion method or dynamic stiffness method. In this study, to circumvent this limitation, a suspension rig is used. Then, the suspension rig is verified through a comparative analysis of its dynamic behavior between the actual vehicle by cleat test on chassis dynamometer.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제21권10호
• /
• pp.547-557
• /
• 2020

본 연구에서는 캡슐트레인의 승차감 향상을 위하여 캡슐트레인 모델 내의 현가장치에 감쇠 제어 장치를 적용하고 그 효과를 검토하였다. 캡슐트레인의 부상 방식으로 사용되는 초전도 유도 반발식 부상은 별도의 부상제어가 필요 없고 부상 공극이 큰 장점이 있다. 하지만, 본 부상 방식은 공극 변화량이 크고 외부로부터 유입되는 진동에 대한 작은 감쇠 특성으로 인해 캡슐트레인의 승차감을 저하시키는 단점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 캡슐트레인의 승차감 향상을 위해서 1차 및 2차 현가장치 내에 적용되는 감쇠 제어 장치를 고려하였다. 1차 현가장치에 적용되는 감쇠 제어 장치는 외란에 의해 발생하는 진동이 대차로 전달되는 것을 감소시키는 역할을 하고, 2차 현가장치 적용되는 감쇠 제어 장치는 대차의 진동이 차체로 전달되는 것을 감소시키는 역할을 한다. 감쇠 제어가 승차감에 미치는 효과를 검토하기 위하여 캡슐트레인 모델을 기반으로 한 동특성 해석 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 검토 결과, 현가장치 내 감쇠 제어를 통해 ISO 기준의 승차감 규격을 만족할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제21권6호
• /
• pp.16-23
• /
• 2013

It is important that proving ground damage is correlated with target customer usage. This paper describes the test mode for durability test of active suspension control system for proving ground correlation and optimization. Acceleration, strain, wheel force and other types of data are collected on a vehicle as it traverses different proving ground surfaces. The primary objective of the analysis is to determine which mixture of proving ground surfaces offers the best representation of customer usage while minimizing the total test time. And durability testing offers the best way to assess the capability of a product to reach its reliability target. The test should be representative of the real environmental load and replicate the same customer usage.

• 한국철도학회논문집
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.40-47
• /
• 2002

In this study, and analytical method for ride sensitivity analysis of a train with non-linear suspension elements are proposed. Non-linear characteristics of springs and dampers for primary and secondary suspensions of a train are parameterized using polynomial interpolation. Vertical dynamic model of a three-body train running on straight rail with the predetermined roughness expressed in terms of spectral density function is set up and its equations of motion for ride analysis are derived. Using the direct differentiation method, sensitivity equations of the vertical dynamic model with respect to design parameters associated with non-linearity of suspensions are obtained. Based on the sensitivity analysis, improvement of ride is achieved by varying appropriate suspension parameters.

• 물과 미래
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.115-121
• /
• 1994

하구수리계에 있어서 점착성류사의 운동은 응결과 응집(aggregation) 현상에 의해 크게 좌우되며, 이들 현상에 의하여 의결된 입자들의 크기, 모양, 강도는 그 퇴적율과 그리고 부유류사와 오염물질의 변동과정에 영향을 미친다. 본 연구에서는 Brownian 운동에 의해 지배되는 이동성 부유영역과 중력에 의해 지배되는 정체성 부유영역으로 분리하여 점착성입자들의 응집과 응결과정을 모의하였다. 이동성 부유영역에 있어서는 Smoluchowski 모형중 입자들의 무작위 회전을 이용한 최대연쇄 모형으로 응집물질의 사영들을 도출하였으며, 그 회전반경에 의해 사영들의 쪽거리 차원을 구하였다. 저에성 부유영역에서의 응집물질(Brownian 영역을 벗어나 침강하는 응집물질)는 비구형 입자들의 침강으로 간주되어진다. 최종 침강속도 차이로 이들 응집물들은 재차 충돌, 결합하여 보다 큰 응집 입자들을 형성하며, 이들 최종 응집입자들의 사영이 모의되어진다. 최대 Feret's 직경과 Minkowski's sausage logic 개념들을 이용하여 모의되어진 사영들의 둘레 길이에 대하여 쪽거리 차원들을 구하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.162-166
• /
• 2001

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS) is a complex sleep disorder characterized by intermittent apnea secondary to sleep-induced obstruction of the upper airway. It occurs because of an airway obstruction anywhere between the trachea and the oronasal apparatus. The hallmark of OSAS is snoring, which is caused by vibration of the tissues of the pharynx as the airway narrows. The consequences of OSAS have focused on excessive daytime sleepiness resulting from sleep fragmentation and the cardiovascular derangements producing hypertension and arrhythmias. The primary method of controlling OSAS has been surgery. The current surgical procedures used for OSAS are tracheostomy, tonsillectomy, nasal septoplasty, uvulopalatopharyngoplasty, anterior mandibular osteotomy with hyoid myotomy and suspension, and maxillary, mandibular and hyoid advancement. We report a case of OSAS that was improved by genial advancement with infrahyoid myotomy and suspension. The patient was objectively documented by polysomnography, cephalometric analysis, and physical examination before the surgical procedure. The patient underwent genial advancement with infrahyoid myotomy and suspension. Patient had a good response from surgery.