• 한국해양학회지
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.237-246
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• 1992

In order to examine controlling factors on primary productivity and assimilation Number of phytoplankton, chlorophyll-a concentrations, light intensity, temperature, salinity and transparency were measured in the Kyonggi Bay and in the mid0eastern coast of Yellow Sea from March 1989 to October 1990. Chlorophyll-a concentration of phytoplankton ranged from 0.91 to 4.30 ug/; in the Kyonggi Bay, and from 0.78 to 4.97 ug/l in the mideastern coast of Yellow Sea. Daily averaged primary productivities and annual primary productivities of phytoplankton ranged from 37.23 to 1104.44 (averaged 361.54) mgC/m$^2$/day, 131.96hC/m$^2$/yr in the mid0eastern coast of Yellow Sea, respectively. Assimilation Number of phytoplankton ranged from 1.47 to 28.28 mgC/mg chl-a/hr in the Kyonggi Bay, and of phytoplankton in the Kyonggi Bay was higher than that of the mid0eastern coast of Yellow Sea. Light utilization efficiencies (a) in the P-I curve ranged from 0.03 to 0.93 [mgC/mg chl-a/hr]/[ue/m$^2$/sec]in the Kyonggi Bay, and from 0.01 to 0.62 [mgC/mg chl-a/hr]/[ue/m$^2$/sec] in the mid-eastern coast of Yellow Sea. Their results indicated that phytoplankton in the Kyonggi Bay utilized light more efficiently than those of the mid0eastern coast of Yellow Sea. The average values of I/SUB k/ were 48.15 ue/m$^2$/sec in the Kyonggi Bay, and 120.37 uE/m$^2$/sec in the mid-eastern coast of yellow Sea. It means the phytoplankton populations in the Kyonggi Bay seem to be adapted to lower light intensity than those of the mid-eastern coast of Yellow sea.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.106-123
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• 2000

The purpose of the survey was to clarify the clinical features and management of the anorectal malformations (ARM) in Korea. Twenty-seven members of the Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons were surveyed. The members completed a case registration form for each patient during the two years period of 1996-1997, and a questionnaire that contained their management preferences for primary and complicated patients. Twenty-four members of the 22 institutions registered 295 cases of the ARM, and 27 out of 34 members (77.1 %) responded to the questionnaire. The patients were classified by the Wingspread classification of ARM(1984). The case registration form was a modification of Wingspread workshop for the postoperative assessment and case registration. The male to female ratio was 1.7 : 1. The average number of patients per surgeon was 6.1 cases per year. Prematurity(< 36 weeks) was present in 1.9 % of cases and low birth weight (< 2.6 Kg) in 12.1 %. Among 187 male patients, 62 were high(H) type, 29 intermediate(l) type, 88 low(L), and 8 unclassified. In female, there were 2 cases of cloacal anomalies(C), 4 H type, 30 I type, 66 L type and 6 unclass ified. For male, 87.9 % of H and I type were operated by the Pena procedure, but only 7.9 % in L types. In female, all of C, H and I types, and 40.9 % of L type were done by the Pena procedure. One case expired (MR; 0.003%) as a result of surgical complication. Over-all complication rate was 12.5 %. Among 6 cases of reoperation, 4 were failed Pena procedures. Among 140 colostomies sigmoid colon was utilized in 75.7%, and loop colostomy was commonly used. Ten surgeons prefered primary maturation of the stoma. In conclusion, posterior sagittal anorectoplasty is popular for high types of ARM in this country, but considerable number of patients are still suffering from failed operations. For better understanding and analysis, necessity of prospective study by new classification was discussed.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.62-70
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• 1993

There was intraspecific variation in Echinochloa crus-galli var, crus-galli in response to quinclorac, showing that plan height and dry weight of a locally collected barnyardgrass(Chinjupi) from Chinju were 90.5 and 37.8% of the untreated control, while those of a locally collected one(Iripi) from Iri showed 19.1 and 14.4%, respectively. The normal distribution curve was obtained from frequency distribution of 89 rice cultivars as affected by the application rates of quinclorac at 30, 300, and 3,000g ai/ha. Protein patterns(SDS-PAGE) of two barnyardgrasses belonging to E, crus-galli var. crus-galli such as Iripi and Chinjupi were not affected by the quinclorac application, indicating that inhibition of enzyme and/or protein biosynthesis seems to be not the primary action target of quinclorac. Electronmicroscopic observation on the injured leaf of Iripi which is considered as a susceptible one showed prominent membrane disruption. Chuchungbyeo(rice variety) resulted in a greater inhibition of tomato growth than those from Chinjupi or Iripi, indicating a great amount of quinclorac discharged from rice root, Chinjupi which is relatively tolerant to quinclorac than Iripi, discharged more quinclorac causing a greater inhibition of tomato growth.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.11-21
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• 1987

To estimate the biomass, net production and nutrient distribution of Pinus Koraiensis and Quercus mongolica stand, experimental plots located in Kwangju of Kyonggi-do were selected. Ten sample trees selected account of DBH distribution were felled and the diagram of oven-dry weight distrubution of leaves, branches and stems for each 1m segment was constructed. The logarithmic regression equations between dry weight of each component and the variable of $(DBH)^2$ H obtained. The standing crops were estimated to be as much as 152.07 and 156.02 tons of dry matter per hectare in P. koraiensis and Q. mongolica stand respectively. The net production was estimated as 24.66 and 20.35t/ha$\cdot$yr and the net assimilation rate was 1.90 and 3.42kg/kg$\cdot$yr in same order. Particulary large proportions of nitrogen. calcium and magnesium were found in soil of P. koraiensis stand, phosphours and potassium in overstory of it. At Q. mongolica stand, large proportions of nitrogen. phosphorus. potassium and magnesium were found in soil and calcium in overstory. The amounts of litter fall was 4.013t/ha$\cdot$8 months in P. koraiensis stand and 3.490t/ha$\cdot$8 months in Q. mongolica stand.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 1974

On a newly reclamed acidic Song-jong soil (soil of a member of fine loamy, mesic family of Hapludults) an experiment was carried out to find out the proper measure of the improvement of soil fertility with soybean as test crop. Results are summarized as follow: 1. Application of compost (1 ton/10a), lime (lime requirement)and fused phosphate (equivalent to 5% of the phosphate fixation coefficient)resulted in the increase of soybean yield by 93.3% over the check plot (N: 6kg/10a, $P_2O_5$: 9kg/10a, $K_2O$: 6kg/10a). The application of fused phosphate at the level of 5% of phosphate fixation coefficient N (6kg/10a) and K(6kg/10a) brought the yield increase by 62.7% over the check plot. However, although the pH of the soil was adjusted to 7.0 by liming, the application of lime with moderate dose of phosphate ($P_2O_5$: 9kg/10a) did not increase the yield of soybean significantly. And the application of fused phosphate at the level of 5% of phosphate fixation coefficient increased the available soil P from 14 ppm to around 100 ppm as tested after harvest. 2. Application of compost (1 ton/10a) increased the organic matter content of soil by 0.8% when tested after harvest. While, the application of rice straw (0.5 ton/10a) did not alter the soil organic matter content. The CEC of the soil tested after havest found incereased significantly by the addition of lime and compost. 3. Plant analysis revealed that the $K_2O/Ca+Mg$ is better correlated with the yield than the absolute concentration of $K_2O$ in plant tissue. Between the concentration of $P_2O_5$ in plant tissue and the yield of soybean, a typical C-curve relationship was observed, indicating that in this particular soil, phosphate was the primary growth liming factor.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.428-437
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• 2000

Background : Five year survival rate of postoperative stage I non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) reaches to 66%. In the remaining one third of patients, however, cancer recurs and the overall survival of NSCLC remains dismal. To evaluate clinical and pathologic characteristics of recurred NSCLC, the patterns and factors for postoperative recurrence in patients with staged I and II NSCLC were studied. Method : A retrospective analysis was performed in 234 patients who underwent radical resection for pathologic stage I and II NSCLC. All patients who were followed up for at least one year were included in this study. Results : 1) There were 177 men and 57 women The median age was 63. The median duration of the follow up period was 732 days (range 365~1,695 days). The overall recurrence rate was 26.5%, and the recurrence occurred $358.8{\pm}239.8$ days after operation. 2) The ages of recurred NSCLC patients were higher ($63.2{\pm}8.8$ years) than those of non-recurred patients ($60.3{\pm}9.8$ years)(p=0.043). The recurrence rate was higher in stage II (46.9%) than in stage I (18.8%) NSCLC p<0.001. The size of primary lung mass was larger in recurred ($5.45{\pm}3.22\;cm$) than that of non-recurred NSCLC ($3.74{\pm}1.75\;cm$, p<0.001). Interestingly, there were no recurrent cases when the resected primary tumor was less than 2cm. 3) Distant recurrence was more frequent than locoregional recurrence (66.1% vs. 33.9%). Distant recurrence rate was higher in females and in cases of adenocarcinoma. Brain metastasis was more frequent in patients with adenocarcinoma than in those with squamous cell carcinoma (p=0.024). Conclusion: The tumor size and stage were two important factors for determining the possibility of a recurrence. Because distant brain metastasis was more frequent in patients with adenocarinoma, a prospective study should be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of preoperative brain imaging.