• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제15권12호
• /
• pp.483-492
• /
• 2015

본 연구는 부산광역시의 초등학생들을 대상으로 기상분야 교육서비스를 제공하는 사회적협동조합 설립을 가정하고, 첫 해의 성공적 운영을 위해 1년 뒤 예상되는 기대수익을 분석하였다. 수익과 비용에 관련된 12개 변수를 도출하였고, 최적의 기대수익 분석을 위해 의사결정나무를 사용하였다. 수입 관련 변수는 시간당 교육비, 교재가격이다. 비용 측면 변수는 교재제작비, 강사연봉, 강사교육비, 교재개발비, 출장비, 임대료, 운영비이다. 그밖에 교육수요, 학년 수, 강사 수 변수를 추가하여 수입과 지출 변동을 고려한 기대수익 변화를 분석하였다. 그 결과 다소 낮은 수요가 예상되더라도 교재가격과 시간당 교육비를 높이는 것이 기대수익을 높이는데 유리하게 나타났다. 그 이유는 수요가 늘어난 만큼 교재제작비가 증가하게 되는데, 낮아진 교재가격과 교육비로 인해 늘어난 비용을 상쇄할 만큼의 수익을 내지 못했기 때문이다. 사회적협동조합의 공익적 가치를 생각하여 수요증가만을 의식한 가격결정은 지양되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국농공학회지
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.3170-3180
• /
• 1973

This study of the subject will review past and present irrigation development in Korea. Particular attention will be given to water pricing structure and a case study on the purpose of rational operation and management of irrigation water and organizations, and the optimum irrigation water and organizations, and the optimum irrigation water fee inorder to reduce farmers burden and to rationalize the farmland associations management so as to achieve development of the rural environment. In 1971, the reservoir of the Farmland Improvement A sociation (FIA) produced only 775 millison $m^3$ of irrigation water or 77% of planned capacity of 1,015 million $m^3$. It was caused by inefficient maintenance of irrigation facilities; for instance, about 21% of reservoirs, pumping stations and weirs in Korea have been silted by soil erosion which hinder to water production according to an ADC survey. The first Irritation Association was established in 1906, whcih was renamed the Farmland Assoeiation by the Rural Development Enouragement Law in 1970. By the end of 1971, 411,000 ha of rice paddies were under the control of 267 associations nationwide. The average water price assessed by Associations nationwide rose from 790 won per 0.1 ha. in 1966 to 1,886 won in 1971. The annual growth rate was 20%. The highest water price in 1971 was 4,773 won her 0.1 ha. and the lowest was 437 won. This range was caused by differences in debt burden, geographic conditions and management efficiency among the Associations. In 1971, the number of Associations which exceeded the average water price of 1,886 won per 0.1 ha. was 144, or 55.1% of all Association. In determination of water price, there are two principles; one is determined by production cost such as installation cost of irrigation facilities, maintenance cost, management cost and depreciation ect. For instance, the Yong San River Development project was required 33.7 billion won for total construction and maintenance cost is 3.1 billion won for repayment, maintenance and management cost per year. The project produces 590 million $m^3$ of irrigation water annually. Accordingly, the water price per $m^3$ is 5.25 won. The other principle is determined by water value in the crop products and in compared with production of irrigated paddy and non-irrigated paddy. By using this method, water value in compared with paddy rice vs. upland rice(Average of 1967-1971) was 14.15 won per $m^3$ and irrigated paddy vs. non-irrigated paddy was 2.98 won per $m^3$. In contrast the irrigation fee in average association of 1967-1971 was 1.54 won per $m^3$. Accordingly, the current national average irrigation fee(water price) is resonable compared with its water value. In this study, it is found that the ceiling of water price in terms of water value is 2.98 won per $m^3$ or 2,530 won per 0.1 ha. However, in 1971 55% of the associations were above the average of nationwide irrigation fees. which shows the need for rationalization of the Association's management. In connection with rationalization of the Association's management, this study recommends the following matters. (1) Irrigation fee must be assessed according to the amount of water consumption taking intoaccount the farmer's ability. (2) Irrigation fee should be graded according to behefits and crop patterns. (3) Training personnel in the operation and procedures of water management to save O&M costs. (4) Insolvent farmland association should be integrated into larger, sound associations in the same GUN in order to reduce farmers' water cost. (5) The maintenance and repair of existing irrigation facilities is as important as expansion of facilities. (6) Establishment of a new Union of Farmland Association is required to promoted proper maintenance and to protect the huge investment in irrigation facilities by means of technical supervision and guidance.

• 수산경영론집
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.9-42
• /
• 1974

Korea is a peninsular country surrounded by seas on three sides, and the fishing industry has carried out the service of suppling to the people with important anima protein. The distribution of fishery products has very complicated structures, because the production is in charge of small producers scattering along the coast all over the country, while consumpstion is made by separate homes in areas away from producing district. The relation between these two factors the structures make very complicated. The most typical and special structures of fishery distridution are distinguished in two, that is, one is landing market, the other is inland market. Landing markets have been monopolized by fishermen's cooperatives, providing with landing facilities and building sites. Fish markets played not only an important role in the landing, but distribution and price determination of catches by auction or tender. Inland markets are two types of wholesale market in consuming center, one is the terminal market for urban consumers, the other type is the local market for rural consumers. Fundamental functions of landing markets are gathering, assessment, and distribution functions. Gathering function is in charge of wholesaler in fishery cooperative. Gathering amounts are equal to gathering capacity of wholesaler and transact ability of licensed dealers as shown below model. Gathering amount=f.gathering capacity(=pre price.landing facility.account of wholesaler.distance of fishing ground.conveniency purchasing.home port)=fㆍ transact ability of licensed dealers≒f.population or port, and table 1 indicates these relationship. Assessment and distribution functions are in charge of licensed dealers in consumption side. Assessment function should bring the value in production activity through the auction between the cooperative seller and the licensed dealer as buyer. For fair trade transaction in auction, the free competition is supposed to be a prerequisite among the licensed dealers. The ideal condition for free competition is sameness in the scale of buying amount by licensed delaers, but it is almost impossible to attain its goal in actual marketing.

• 재무관리연구
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.85-107
• /
• 2007

본 연구는 펀드의 수익률과 현금흐름 간에 관계를 분석함으로써, 펀드의 현금흐름에 의한 주식시장 교란이 있는지를 분석하였고, 주식형 펀드의 수익률에 영향을 줄 것으로 예상되는 결정요인들을 통계적으로 분석해 보았다. 본 연구의 표본기간은 2005년 4월부터 2006년 3월까지로 주가상승기라 펀드의 현금흐름이 뚜렷할 것으로 예상되어 설정하였다. 연구대상은 월별로 116개 펀드이며, 연구기간이 12개월이므로 최종 표본펀드는 1,392개가 된다. 먼저, 수익률과 결정요인 등과의 분석에서는 모든 펀드 유형에서 펀드의 성장성(GRW)이 증가할수록 펀드의 수익률과 초과수익률이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 수익률과 현금흐름과의 관계에서는 성장추구형 펀드만 현금흐름이 수익률에 대해 영향을 주었다. 이는 안정주식형 펀드는 주식편입비가 낮기 때문에 수익률이 현금흐름에 영향을 크게 안 받는 것으로 보이며, 고성장 추구형 펀드는 수익률에 미치는 현금흐름의 영향이 기대와 비기대의 혼재나 기간시차의 혼재로 인해 영향을 받지 않는 것으로 추론된다. 추가로 펀드수익률(FR)에 현금흐름 시차가 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과, 펀드의 전기 현금흐름이 펀드의 당기 수익률에는 영향을 미치지 않았다. 이는 아직까지 국내 펀드시장에서 펀드의 현금흐름에 의해 주식시장이 왜곡되어 펀드수익률의 상승으로 이어지지는 않는 것으로 보인다. 국내 펀드시장이 일천하여 향후 더 많은 표본으로 진보된 연구들이 수행됨으로써 펀드산업이 발전되어야 할 것이다.

• 수산해양기술연구
• /
• 제52권3호
• /
• pp.220-231
• /
• 2016

Yield-per-recruit (YPR) analysis is used to provide management guidance for the efficient use of a fish cohort. However, the individual fish price per unit weight of small yellow croaker (Larimichthys polyactis) or hairtail (Trichiurus lepturus) increases dramatically by size in Korea. Therefore, age-based production value-per-recruit (PPR) analysis has recently been developed (Zhang et al., 2014). Since age determination requires a substantial amount of money and time and it is even impossible for some fish species, it is difficult to obtain age information to apply the age-based PPR model. Thus, we attempted to develop an alternative method, which uses length data rather than age information, called the length-based PPR analysis. The results revealed that length-based PPR analysis was much more conservative for stock management than the YPR analysis. Furthermore, the PPR analysis was more economically beneficial than the YPR analysis, which can prevent the fish stock from the economic overfishing. In conclusion, the length-based PPR analysis could be a proper approach for stock assessment in the case that the individual fish price per unit weight increases dramatically by size, and this analysis is useful to obtain vital management parameters under data-deficient situation when traditional stock assessment methods are not applicable.

• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제33권2호
• /
• pp.771-780
• /
• 2013

과거에 시행한 심사제도는 입찰참가자격사전심사 및 기본설계평가와 가격평가로 구분하여 최종 낙찰자를 선정하였으나, 2010년 1월 1일부터 현재까지 턴키 대안입찰공사는 설계 적합 최적가 방식, 종합 평가 방식(입찰가격조정, 설계점수조정, 가중치기준), 확정금액 최상 설계 방식의 낙찰자 결정방식을 선택하고 있다. 이러한 제도적인 문제로 발주기관은 동일 유사한 공사에 대해 서로 다른 낙찰자 결정방식을 적용하고 있는 사례가 종종 있어 왔다. 그러므로 이 연구는 국내에서 시행된 토목부분 턴키 대안입찰공사 발주현황, 건수 및 수주실적, 공종별 발주기관별 수주실적, 세부방식 가중치 낙찰자 수주실적 등의 분석을 통해 국내 턴키 대안입찰공사 실정에 적합한 낙찰자 선정기준을 제시하였다.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
• /
• 제40권5호
• /
• pp.35-45
• /
• 2020

Photovoltaic (PV) power system prices have been steadily dropping in recent years due to their mass production and advances in relevant technology. Crystalline silicon (c-Si wafers) account for the largest share of the price of solar cells; reducing the thickness of these wafers is an essential part of increasing the price competitiveness of PV power systems. However, reducing the thickness of c-Si wafers is challenging; typically, phenomena such as bowing and cracking are encountered. While several approaches to address the bowing phenomenon of the c-Si solar cells exist, the only method to study the crack phenomenon (related to the strength of the c-Si solar cells) is the bending test method. Moreover, studies on determining the strength properties of the solar cells have focused largely on c-Si wafers, while those on the strength properties of front and rear-side electrodes and SiNx, the other components of c-Si solar cells, are scarce. In this study, we analyzed the strength characteristics of each layer of c-Si solar cells. The strength characteristics of the sawing mark direction produced during the production of c-Si wafers were also tested. Experiments were conducted using a 4bending tester for a specially manufactured c-Si solar cell. The results indicate that the back side electrode is the main component that experienced bowing, while the front electrode was the primary component regulating the strength of the c-Si solar cell.

• 한국산업보건학회지
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.274-285
• /
• 2021

Objectives: The question of whether the level of fees paid to working environment measurement agencies is appropriate has long been a matter of concern to the government. In addition, measurement institutions express dissatisfaction with their level of compensation, which has a great influence on the evaluation of a subject's policy. This study is intended to find a way to appropriately calculate working environment measurement fees. Methods: We looked at the principle of fee determination as a basic theory of fee calculation used in fee calculation, the legal and academic aspects of the general method of fee calculation, and government cost calculation standards. Furthermore, we reviewed the research methods applied so far to derive a method of calculating fees appropriate for this environment. Results: The working environment measurement environment is different from other commission calculation environments. The other environment is to appropriately calculate the service price provided by a monopoly public enterprise, while the situation is to appropriately calculate the fees provided by competitive private enterprises. Therefore, the service delivery environment and the delivery entity are different. In this case, the appropriate method of calculating service fees would be competitive pricing. There have also been many problems under the method of calculation by service cost. Conclusions: First, the working environment measurement fee requires an accounting correction of endogenous variables. Second, the theory of calculating fees appropriate for this situation is appropriate for competitive pricing that applies to private competitors. Third, the government should make efforts to make the service supply market a fully competitive market while ensuring that the service fee level is determined at the marginal cost level. Fourth, economically, research on marginal cost levels is needed.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.104-107
• /
• 2023

The Ministry of Health and Welfare of Korea has implemented various social security programs to ensure a basic standard of living and raise overall quality of life for all citizens. The Korean social security system provides social insurance, public assistance, and social welfare services. To achieve adequate drug benefits, the Drug Management Department of Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) implement drug management duties including drug listing, upper price limit setting, scope of benefits, and post-factum management. When a manufacturer or an importer wants to apply for National Health Insurance (NHI) coverage of the drug that has obtained safety and efficacy approval, the pharmaceutical benefit assessment committee of HIRA evaluates the drug's clinical efficacy and cost-effectiveness to determine whether or not to include the drug into the benefit package. The benefit standards for a listed drug (ingredient) are set either for the whole permitted range or a part of range with conditions. To increase the coverage rate for new drugs, the listed drugs are regularly reviewed for their value. The status of listed drugs can be adjusted or eliminated from the benefit package if the clinical efficacy turns out to be insignificant. Therefore, through these pharmaceutical management procedures, high-quality drugs are provided at reasonable prices, which save healthcare expenditure by price determination and selective coverage in consideration of economic evaluation.

• 한국프랜차이즈경영연구
• /
• 제14권4호
• /
• pp.35-50
• /
• 2023

Purpose: This study aims to uncover the mechanism of how initial fees are determined in the restaurant franchise business. Since the initial fees can be considered as a price of utilizing business models and operational knowledge of a certain franchise brand, it is critical to understand the fee decision-making process based on the strategic pricing theories. Therefore, this study investigates the influence of operational value on the determination of initial franchise fees grounded on a value-based pricing strategy. The Operational value is specifically categorized into profitability, growth, and stability of the franchise system. Research design, data, and methodology: The data used were collected through franchise disclosure documents and brand equity index provided by Korea Management Association Consulting. Data from 44 franchise restaurants during 2018 to 2021 are included in the sample. The panel dataset was analyzed by using generalized least squares estimation with R-Studio. Results: Profitability and stability positively influence initial franchise fees. However, growth did not influence initial franchise fees. Conclusions: The results of the study demonstrate that the operational value plays a critical role in determining the franchise fees. Specifically, franchisees recognize how much revenue a franchise system generates for them (i.e., profitability) and how stable the entire system is for operating business (i.e., stability) when they make purchasing decisions for franchise. The findings extend the pricing literature by applying pricing theories in the franchise fee context. Also, the study contributes to franchising and restaurant management literature by providing knowledge of how franchise fees are determined.