Hong, Jong won;Park, Woong-Sub;Kim, Sang-A;Kim, Nam Jun
Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
/
v.42
no.3
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pp.155-167
/
2017
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the performances and limitations of health community building project of 148 village in Gangbuk-gu, Seoul on community health organization perspective. Methods: we conducted a qualitative study using both a systematic review of this project and in-depth interviews with the operators who had worked for the project from January 2012 to December 2012. Results: In this project, activists worked by gathering the opinions of the residents and focusing on their growth. The residents themselves established a community health care plan. Based on social determinants of health, they continued projects to solve residents' needs. A variety of programs were activated by providing a health cafe, which was an alternative public participation health promotion space that was not a clinic or a public health center. As the various entities gathered, there were difficulties related to interests and role sharing, and there were limitations such as the fact that the performance and limit of the pilot project could not be clearly predicted beforehand. Conclusions: This case suggested that new possibility of health and medical movement, approaching health issues by the way of community organization principle. Through the health community building project as community health organization perspective is expanded, health promotion effect will be created in the whole society.
Kim, Myung-Ho;Lee, Won-Duck;Kim, Young-Ok;Kim, Moon-Shik
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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v.9
no.1
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pp.95-108
/
1976
It is obvious that adequate nutrition is essential for growth and development of school children, and many elementary schools in this country have already practiced it. Therefore, it would seem apparent that the school feeding program would have a significant effect on the growth and development of school children. This paper presents a two-year experimental school-feeding program from 1973 to 1974, and attempts to evaluate its effects by before-and-after nutrition surveys conducted in two elementary schools, one experimental and the other as a control. The two schools are both located in the same county (Yongin-Kun, Kyunggi-Do), and the families of their students are presumed to share the same socio-economic level. To assess the effect of school-feeding, we measured height, weight, chest circumference and grasping power. Physical examination was done foresigns of nutritional deficiency. A stool examination for parasites and blood examinations for hemoglobin, hematocrit and serum protein were included. Analyses were done for 150 students selected randomly at the beginning of the program. These students attended the school throughout the program period. Results are as follows: 1. The amount of increase of height, weight, chest cirumference and grasping power were greater in the experimental school than in the control school, but the differences are not statistically significant. 2. Signs of vitamin deficiency decreased in both experimental and control schools during the two-year program period. 3. At the time of the 1974 post-survey, values of Hb. & Hct. revealed no significant differences between the two schools, but serum protein level was a little higher than that of general Korean rural children of the same age. 4. Infestation rate of parasites had increased in both schools during the two-year program period. 5. Each student of the two schools was classified into three major classes, according to the level of economic condition of his or her parents, namely higher, middle and lower. The results of each class of the experimental school was compared with that of the corresponding class of the control school, expecting the relative magnitude of change largest in the lower economic class of the experimental school. However, change was greatest in the middle class, still not being statistically significant. Finally, the authors concluded that the two-year period for such a program is not sufficiently long for its beneficial effects to be demonstrated and measured. As long as the growth and development of children are concerned, planning with a more distant perspective is required, as well as the development of new methods of evaluation.
This study was undertaken to develop performance measurement indicators in S Hospital, which is the largest component of Y Medical Center which implemented the Responsible Management System in 1993. To begin, strategic initiatives for S Hospital were reestablished based on Y Medical Center's goals and objectives. The BSC(Balanced Scorecard) was used to develop performance measurement indicators after validity checks by specialists. The results were that total 16 indicators were developed to measure performance for strategic initiatives. Those included the growth rate of patient revenues, operating profit to gross revenues, reduction rate in administrative expenses from a financial perspective; average medical expenses per adjusted patient, patient satisfaction survey for inpatients and outpatients and emergency room patients, return rate for treatment results from the customer's perspective; reduction rate in average length of hospital stay, expenses for lost cases of medical disputes, rate for contracted employees, the number of published reports per faculty member from an internal perspective; educational expenses for training medical staff and full time employees, adjusted patient per medical staff, and the number of cases implemented which were proposed by employees. Any organization needs to have its own explicit objectives to grow and develop and it is absolutely necessary to measure performance to accomplish them. The performance measurement indicators developed by this study are expected to be used as a tool to attain the objectives of S Hospital.
Given the further promotion of economic globalization, China's financial market has also expanded. However, at present, this market faces substantial risks. The main financial and economic risks in China are in the areas of policy, credit, exchange rates, accounting, and interest rates. The current status of China's financial market is as follows: insufficient attention from upper management; insufficient innovation in the development of the financial economy; and lack of a sound financial and economic risk protection system. To further understand the current situation of China's financial market, we conducted a questionnaire survey on the financial market and reached the following conclusions. A comprehensive enterprise questionnaire from the government's perspective, the enterprise's perspective and the individual's perspective showed that the following problems exist in the financial and economic risk prevention aspects of big data and Internet of Things in China. The political system at the country's grassroots level is not comprehensive enough. The legal regulatory system is not comprehensive enough, leading to serious incidents of loan fraud. The top management of enterprises does not pay enough attention to financial risk prevention. Therefore, we constructed a financial and economic risk prevention model based on big data and Internet of Things that has effective preventive capabilities for both enterprises and individuals. The concept reflected in the model is to obtain data through Internet of Things, use big data for screening, and then pass these data to the big data analysis system at the grassroots level for analysis. The data initially screened as big data are analyzed in depth, and we obtain the original data that can be used to make decisions. Finally, we put forward the corresponding opinions, and their main contents represent the following points: the key is to build a sound national financial and economic risk prevention and assessment system, the guarantee is to strengthen the supervision of national financial risks, and the purpose is to promote the marketization of financial interest rates.
The purpose of the present review is to give an overview of the association between alcohol intake and the risk of developing cancer. Two large-scale expert reports; the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF)/American Institute of Cancer Research (AICR) report from 2007, including its continuous update project, and the International Agency for Research of Cancer (IARC) monograph from 2012 have extensively reviewed this association in the last decade. We summarize and compare their findings, as well as relate these to the public health impact, with a particular focus on region-specific drinking patterns and disease tendencies. Our findings show that alcohol intake is strongly linked to the risk of developing cancers of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, oesophagus, colorectum (in men), and female breast. The two expert reports diverge on the evidence for an association with liver cancer and colorectal cancer in women, which the IARC grades as convincing, but the WCRF/AICR as probable. Despite these discrepancies, there does, however, not seem to be any doubt, that the Population Attributable Fraction of alcohol in relation to cancer is large. As alcohol intake varies largely worldwide, so does, however, also the Population Attributable Fractions, ranging from 10% in Europe to almost 0% in countries where alcohol use is banned. Given the World Health Organization's prediction, that alcohol intake is increasing, especially in low- and middle-income countries, and steadily high in high-income countries, the need for preventive efforts to curb the number of alcohol-related cancers seems growing, as well as the need for taking a region- and gender-specific approach in both future campaigns as well as future research. The review acknowledges the potential beneficial effects of small doses of alcohol in relation to ischaemic heart disease, but a discussion of this lies without the scope of the present study.
Several common issues are encountered by countries - Germany, Japan, and the United States - that adopted long-term care (LTC) system. First, the demand for LTC and its associated costs have steeply risen following the implementation of the LTC policy. Second, ensuring the quality of services have been difficult. Third, the coordination of services among providers and between LTC and medical care has been inadequate. Learning from their experience, we suggest ways to improve the LTC system in Korea. The basic approach aims for efficiency over equity in the system. This would require promoting provider competition and consumer choice. We propose several policy options according to the major stakeholders. For consumers, cash benefits at fixed rates and personal savings accounts are feasible options to self-contain the demand and cost of services. On the insurer's side, creating an environment of multiple insurers will engender competition, leading to cost savings and quality care. For providers, delivery of quality services through competition, cost-containment through capitated reimbursements, and coordination of services through integrated delivery system can be achieved. From the assessors' perspective, establishing an information system to monitor the activities of insurers and providers would be important, empowering consumers with information to choose cost-effective service providers. In summary, the suggested approach would provide cost-effective LTC services by guaranteeing consumer choice and promoting major stakeholder accountability. Further studies are needed to test the feasibility of this model in ensuring quality LTC in Korea.
In the past, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection was endemic in the general Korean population. The association of HBV infection with the occurrence of liver cancer has been well demonstrated in several epidemiologic studies. While the mortality rates of liver cancer in Korea have decreased steadily over the last decade, the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in mothers remains high at 3-4%, and 25.5% of these HBsAg positive mothers are positive for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg). HBV infection caused almost a quarter of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases and one-third of deaths from HCC. These aspects of HBV infection prompted the Korean government to create a vaccination program against HBV in the early 1980s. In 1995, the Communicable Disease Prevention Act (CDPA) was reformed, and the government increased the number of HBV vaccines in the National Immunization Program (NIP), driving the vaccination rate up to 95%. In 2000, the National Health Insurance Act (NHIA) was enacted, which provided increased resources for the prevention of perinatal HBV infection. Then in 2002, the Korean government, in conjunction with the Korean Medical Association (KMA), launched an HBV perinatal transmission prevention program. The prevalence of HBsAg in children had been high (4-5%) in the early 1980s, but had dropped to below 1% in 1995, and finally reached 0.2% in 2006 after the NIP had been implemented. After the success of the NIP, Korea finally obtained its first certification of achievement from the Western Pacific Regional Office of the World Health Organization (WPRO-WHO) for reaching its goal for HBV control. An age-period-cohort analysis showed a significant reduction in the liver cancer mortality rate in children and adolescents after the NIP had been implemented. In addition to its vaccination efforts, Korea launched the National Cancer Screening Program (NCSP) for 5 leading sites of cancer, including the liver, in 1999. As a consequence of this program, the 5-year liver cancer survival rate increased from 13.2% (1996-2000) to 23.3% (2003-2008). The development of both the primary and secondary prevention for liver cancer including HBV immunization and cancer screening has been of critical importance.
Business process reengineering(BPR) aims at a radical redesign of our business processes in order to achieve dramatic improvements in their performance. However, the fact that many BPR projects have failed hesitates the companies who have started to use BPR or who are planning to do so. Implementing a radical plan from a cross-functional perspective needs a more careful consideration of process vision, preventive measures and contigency plan. Our research suggests to use a visual decision making process (VDMP) in the development of a process vision and implementation plan. A BPR project of Carlaon School of Mnagement (CSOM) at the University of Minnesota is illustrated to show our suggested methodology.
Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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v.34
no.3
/
pp.97-105
/
2011
Previous researches have focused on the efficiency of project execution and the satisfaction of internal customers In view of the fact that a project is successful if any defects are not found in the short-term performance test of the project final outcome. To execute a project that both internal customer and external customer are satisfied in terms of longer-term benefit perspective, the project claim costs (PCC) which may occur for the warranty period of the project final outcome should be considered. We propose a model included PCC to the linear programming between time and cost to expedite a project and perform the validity test by applying the model to an example project. This model and related procedure will contribute to overall project activities' cost reduction by taking preventive actions for PCC.
Unani system of medicine provides comprehension about the state of human body while in health and during turn down of health. Unani system strives to find the best methods to leads a healthy life with minimal or zero risk of any sickness additionally, the treatment is not only done through unani formulations but also by the regimenal therapies (Tadabeer) like Cupping (Hijamah), Leeching (Taleeq), Venesection (Fasd), Massage (Dalak), Exercise (Riyazat) etc. Massage (Dalak) is widely practiced regimens, which are used for restrorative, preventive as well as for therapeutic purposes. Almost all the civilizations having evidences about the use of massage in their manuscripts to improve impure blood or impurities from the body. Massage (Dalak) found to be effective in treatment of neurological and musculoskeletal disorders. Ibn Rushd stated that Massage (Dalak) is a type of exercise used for the removal of toxins or waste metabolites from the body. According to the disease, Massage (dalak) should be done in different parts of body and with different types of oils (roganiyat) and single drugs (mufrid advia).
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