• 한국치위생학회지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.65-75
• /
• 2018

Objectives: This study aims to contribute to the prevention of dental diseases and health care in the elderly by investigating the relationship among the experiences of chronic diseases, dental health status, and the behaviors in the Korean elderly people. Methods: A total of 2,856 elderly people aged 65 or older were selected as the final analysis subjects using data from the 6th National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2014). Chronic diseases were defined as 'cardiocerebrovascular diseases', 'diabetes', 'chronic respiratory diseases', and 'cancer' diagnosed by the doctors. For the statistical analysis, SPSS 21.0 for Windows was used. Descriptive analysis and a Chi-square test were conducted to investigate the relationship among the experiences of chronic diseases, general characteristics, dental health status, and the behaviors in the Korean elderly. Finally, logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the relationship among the experiences of chronic diseases, dental health status, and the behaviors. Results:The prevalence of Cardiocerebrovascular diseases was significantly higher in the 3-4 group of community periodontal index with the score of 1.36 (95% CI 1.03-1.00) than in the 0-2 group. The prevalence of Cardiocerebrovascular diseases was significantly higher in the group without dental examination during the past one year with the score of 1.29 (95% CI 1.00-1.66). The prevalence of diabetes was significantly higher in the uncomfortable speaking state group with the score 1.46 (95% CI 1.12-1.91). The prevalence of cancer was significantly higher in the partial denture needs group with the score 1.67 (95% CI 0.98-2.83). Conclusions: Regular dental examinations and dental health care for the elderly with chronic diseases showed that periodontal health and residual teeth could be maintained and managed. Therefore, continuous customized dental health services should be implemented for the elderly with chronic diseases.

• 한국치위생학회지
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.233-240
• /
• 2016

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the oral health status and behavior in Korean diabetic adults. Methods: The study subjects were 11,840 adults who participated in the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(2010-2012). Diabetic status was defined by doctors and fasting blood sugar(FBS) level. Oral health status was assessed by decayed-missing-filled teeth(DMFT), community periodontal index(CPI), periodontal disease, denture needs, limitation of oral function, and chewing difficulty. The oral health behavior was evaluated by oral examination within a year, brushing times a day, and use of auxiliary oral product. The data were analyzed by descriptive analysis, chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression analyses. Results: The prevalence rate of diabetes mellitus diagnosed by doctor and FBS was 8.3% and 10.2%, respectively. The prevalence rate of periodontitis was 25.4%. The proportions of $DMFT{\geq}20$, $CPI{\geq}3$, periodontal disease, denture needs, oral function limitation and chewing difficulty in the confirmed diabetic group by doctor were significantly higher than those of the non-diabetic group(p<0.05). In multiple logistic regression analysis, the adjusted odds ratio(aOR) for periodontal disease(aOR=1.73, 95% CI=1.41-2.12), presence of denture needs(aOR=1.40, 95% CI=1.06-1.84), limited oral function(aOR=1.43, 95% CI=1.15-1.78) and chewing difficulty(aOR=1.41 95% CI=1.13-1.77) in diabetic subjects were significantly higher than those of the non-diabetic subjects. There were similar associations between diabetes defined with FBS and oral health. In oral health behavior, diabetic subjects had significantly lower odds ratios for oral examination(aOR=0.76, 95% CI=0.60-0.98), brushing time ${\geq}2$ times(aOR=0.73, 95% CI=0.57-0.93), and auxiliary oral products(aOR=0.74, 95% CI=0.59-0.94). Conclusions: There was a significant relationship between oral health status and behavior in Korean diabetic adults. Further study is needed to evaluate the underlying mechanisms between diabetes mellitus and oral health status.

• 대한소아치과학회지
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.13-23
• /
• 1983

The purpose of this study was to make a comprehensive study and provide information about the oral status of handicapped. 874 (male: 540, female: 334) persons who are housed by 12 institution aged from 4 to 28 years in Seoul area was examined by considering the DMF rate, periodontal condition and occlusion. The obtained results were as follows: 1. Cerebral palsy, poliomyelitis, mental retardation, and blindness groups had a significant higher DMF rate than that occurring in any of the remaining groups. 2. Prevalence of periodontal disease in blindness, mongolism, cerebral palsy, poliomyelitis groups showed higher than that of the remaining groups. 3. Mongolism group had a significantly higher incidence of malocclusion (69.23%).

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.487-496
• /
• 1995

Previous studies have demonstrated that not all A. actinomycetemcomitans produced significant level of leukotoxic factor and its leukotoxicity have associated with serotype and genetic variation. Our aim was to investigate on the interrelationship between serotype and leukotoxicity of an A. actinomycetemcomitans consisting of 13 clinically well characterized. Korean isolates and to evaluate if particular virulent clonal types of A. actinomycetemcomitans are associated with periodontal disease. For this study, 13 strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans from 6 patients with periodontal disease were isolated and identified by using a selective medium(tryptic soy agar supplemented with 10% serum, $75{\mu}g$ of bacitracin and $5{\mu}g$ of vancomycin per ml) in 10% C02 incubator for 3days with routine Gram staining, colony morphology and biochemical test..For serotyping, antisera were prepared from reference strains of 5 serotypes. (ATCC 29523,Y4, SUNY aB 67, IDH 781, IDH 1705) and then ammonium sulfate precipitation, immunoabsorption and indirect immunofluoroscent procedures were done. For analysis of leukotoxicity, sonic extract of A. actinomycetemcomitans exposed to PMN, and trypan blue was stained for counting the cell viability. Finally Southern blot analyses of genomic DNA digested with the restriction enzyme Tag I was done and the Southern blots were hybridized with the 530bp fragment, termed delta 530, originating from the ltx promoter of strain 652 and deleted from strain JP2. Also ltxA-3.1 and SC2 probe from strain JP2 were hybridized with genomic DNA fragments. Results reveal that strains isolated showed approximately equal proportions of 3 serotypes(b, d, e) and serotype b was not detected. 2 patients harbored 2 different serotypes in the same disease site. The prevalence of leukotoxic strain was 23% and there was no relationship between serotype, leukotoxicity and clinical observations. Especially virulent clonal types of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitan (JP2 strain) could not found. Further studies are necessary on the genetic polymorphism of leukotoxin and its relations to clinical status.

• 한국치위생학회지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.41-51
• /
• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of oral health behaviors of patients with hypertension and diabetic patients on the number of remaining teeth in Korean adults over 45 years of age, furthermore, we also aimed to develop oral health care programs and health promotion for patients with hypertension and diabetes. Methods: Altogether, 1,526 subjects with hypertension and diabetes from the 6th Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey (2013-2015) were analyzed. Results: A multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the effects of oral health behavior and periodontal disease on residual teeth in patients with hypertension and diabetes after adjusting for age. We found 1.53 times the risk of having less than 20 remaining teeth in the group of brushing more than 3 times a day (95% CI: 1.00,2.35, p<0.001), 2.27 times (95% CI: 1.23-4.17, p<0.05) in the group not using the dental floss group 0.05), compared to the group undergoing regular dental check-up (95% CI: 0.93-1.85, p>0.05), compared to the non-smoking group 0.77 times (95% CI: 0.51-1.14, p>0.05), 1.33 times (95% CI: 0.98-1.80, p>0.05) in the drinking group compared to the non-drinking group, in the periodontal disease group, the risk of having less than 20 remaining teeth was 2.19 times higher (95% CI: 1.48-3.24, p>0.001) than in the normal group. Conclusions: As a super-aging society, develops in Korea, the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes will increase gradually. Therefore, an oral health policy should be implemented at the national level for the prevention and treatment of periodontal disease as well as the management of oral health the elderly.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.725-736
• /
• 2000

It is becoming increasingly apparent that periodontitis consists of mixture of diseases, most of which respond favorably to traditional mechanical therapy. Among these variants of the disease, some appear to be associated with unusual microbial infections and defective host defenses. Many of these fail to respond to conventional treatment. The recognition that some forms of periodontitis are refractory to standard periodontal therapy has given rise to a new classification of peridontitis. A series of 1692 subgingival microbial samples sent to a diagnostic microbiology laboratory included 738 samples that could be identified as compatible with a clinical diagnosis of refractory or recurrent periodontitis. In descending order of prevalence the associated microbiota included Bacteroides forsythus(85%) ,Fusobacterium species(78%), Spirochetes(67%), Campylobacter rectus(64%), Porphyromonas gingivalis(59%), Peptostreptococcus micros(58%), motile rods(46%), Prevotella intermedia(33%), Eikenella corrodens(13%), Capnocytophaga species(12%) ,and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans(6%). Antibiotic resistance to tetracycline, penicillin G, or metronidazole was particularly noticeable for Fusobacterium species, Capnocytophaga species, and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. It was largely absent for Campylobacter rectus. No antibiotic data were obtained for Porphyromonas gingivalis or Bacteroides forsythus, as these species were detected by immunofluorescence. The results indicate that a substantial number of microorganisms associated with refractory periodontitis are variably resistant to commonly-used antibiotics. Diagnostic microbiology must be considered an essential adjunct to the therapist faced with periodontal lesions refractory to conventional treatment.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• 제32권1호
• /
• pp.61-68
• /
• 2002

The objective of this study was to determine the incidence and distribution of root fusion as well as its sexlinkage in maxillary and mandibular molars. One hundred fifty patients who had eight maxillary and mandibular molars (third molars excluded) were consecutively selected for the study subjects. The subjects provided a total of 1200 molars, i.e., 600 maxillary and 600 mandibular molars. A decision about root fusion was made on the radiographic examination. If a molar had one root and/or roots fused at any part in the root surface, it was considered as having root fusion. The results showed that : (1) 14.1 % of the maxillary molars and 5.8 % of the mandibular molars had a fused root, (2) the prevalence of root fusion in the male was 33 % and 56.4 % in the female, (3) 60 % in the male and 48.8 % in the female had bilaterally paired root fusion, (4) the root fusion was most frequently observed in the maxillary second molar position, but none in the mandibular first position in this study. Within limitations of this study, it can be concluded that, in management of molars with a furcation problem, treatment options such as hemisection and root amputation should be chosen after careful evaluation of root fusion. Further studies are needed to investigate a possible relationship between root fusion and periodontal disease progression.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• 제43권4호
• /
• pp.177-182
• /
• 2013

Purpose: Diabetes and periodontal disease are two common diseases with high prevalence rates. Recent evidence has shown a bidirectional relationship between diabetes and periodontitis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Methods: Sixty subjects aged 35-45 years with blood sugar controlled by oral hypoglycaemic agents were randomly divided equally among 3 groups: group A (scaling, mouthwash, and brushing), group B (mouthwash and brushing), and group C (brushing only). Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood sugar (FBS), probing pocket depth (PPD), gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), and the relevant drug history were recorded at baseline and after 3 months of intervention. Comparison of the mean difference among the variables was performed by parametric and nonparametric tests, which were further evaluated using multiple regression analysis. Results: The mean differences between the PPD, FBS, HbA1c, GI, and PI in groups A and B were found to be statistically significant (P<0.001). Multiple regression analysis in group A showed that out of all the independent variables, GI and frequency of drug administration independently (b=0.3761 and b=0.598) showed a significantly greater impact on HbA1c ($R^2$=0.832, P<0.05). Conclusions: Nonsurgical periodontal therapy can effectively decrease HbA1c levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients on medication.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• 제50권6호
• /
• pp.368-378
• /
• 2020

Purpose: Vitamin D deficiency may cause bone loss and increased inflammation, which are well-known symptoms of periodontal disease. This study investigated whether serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels are associated with periodontal disease status and tooth loss. Methods: Cross-sectional data from 5,405 individuals aged ≥50 years (2,253 males and 3,152 females) were obtained from the 2008-2010 Dong-gu study, a prospective cohort study of risk factors for chronic diseases. Periodontal examinations were conducted to evaluate the number of remaining teeth, the periodontal probing depth (PPD), the clinical attachment level (CAL), and bleeding on probing. The percentages of sites with PPD ≥4 mm and CAL ≥4 mm were recorded for each participant. The severity of periodontitis was classified using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Academy of Periodontology case definitions. Serum 25(OH)D levels were classified as reflecting severe deficiency, deficiency, insufficiency, or sufficiency. Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to assess the associations of serum 25(OH)D levels with periodontal parameters and the number of remaining teeth after adjusting for confounders including age, smoking status, alcohol consumption status, month of blood collection, and physical activity. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between serum vitamin D levels and severe periodontitis. An overall statistical analysis and a stratified analysis by sex were performed. Results: Overall, the rates of severe deficiency, deficiency, insufficiency, and sufficiency were 6.5%, 67.9%, 22.4%, and 3.2%, respectively. After adjustment for confounders, vitamin D levels were directly associated with the number of remaining teeth, an association that was significant in males, but not in females. Sufficient serum 25(OH)D was associated with a low frequency of severe periodontitis. Conclusions: This population-based cross-sectional study indicates that low serum 25(OH) D is significantly associated with tooth loss and severe periodontitis in Koreans aged 50 years and older.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• 제48권6호
• /
• pp.337-346
• /
• 2018

Purpose: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a form of arteriosclerosis that occurs in the extremities and involves ischemia. Previous studies have reported that patients with periodontitis are at high risk for PAD. However, the relationship between these 2 diseases has not yet been fully elucidated. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated this relationship by comparing patients with PAD to those with arrhythmia (ARR) as a control group. Methods: A large-scale survey was conducted of patients with cardiovascular disease who visited Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital. We investigated their oral condition and dental clinical measurements, including probing pocket depth, bleeding on probing, clinical attachment level, and number of missing teeth; we also collected salivary and subgingival plaque samples and peripheral blood samples. All patients with PAD were extracted from the whole population (n=25), and a matching number of patients with ARR were extracted (n=25). Simultaneously, ARR patients were matched to PAD patients in terms of age, gender, prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, and the smoking rate (n=25 in both groups). Real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to measure the bacterial counts, while the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method was used to measure anti-bacterial antibody titers and proinflammatory cytokine levels in serum. Results: PAD patients had more missing teeth ($18.4{\pm}2.0$) and higher serum levels of C-reactive protein ($1.57{\pm}0.85mg/dL$) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha ($70.3{\pm}5.7pg/mL$) than ARR patients ($12.0{\pm}1.7$, $0.38{\pm}0.21mg/dL$, and $39.3{\pm}4.5pg/mL$, respectively). Meanwhile, no statistically significant differences were found in other dental clinical measurements, bacterial antibody titers, or bacterial counts between the 2 groups. Conclusions: Our findings suggested that PAD patients had poorer oral and periodontal state with enhanced systemic inflammation.