• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.71-73
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• 1982

수종(數種)의 조경수목(造景樹木)에서 $SO_2$피해(被害)는 7월(月) 처리(處理)에서 가장 심(甚)하게 나타났으며 8월(月) 및 9월(月)에는 현저(顯著)히 낮아졌다. Daminozide 전처리(前處理)는 공시수목류(供試樹木類)의 $SO_2$피해정도(被害程度)에 영향(影響)을 미치지 못하였으며 MH전처리(前處理)는 무궁화에서의 $SO_2$피해엽수(被害葉數)를 증가(增加)시켰다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.119-125
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• 2004

In this paper, the effect of the volcanic ash dyed on cotton knitted fabrics was studied in various ways. A cationic agent was used to improve the depth of color of the fabric in the dyeing process. K/S values of dyed fabrics were measured to examine the dyeing properties. Cationic agent pretreatment, followed by dyeing with volcanic ash, was tested. In the dyeing experiment, the effects of a wide range of parameters such as the concentration of cationic agent, treatment time, treatment temperature and treatment pH of the dyebath were studied. Experimental results showed that the pretreatment with cationic agent improved the dyeing properties of cotton knitted fabrics with volcanic ash. At this point, concentration of cationic agent was 4%(on weight of fabric), treatment time was 40minutes, treatment temperature was 80 C and treatment pH of the dyebath was a neutral condition.

• E2M - 전기 전자와 첨단 소재
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• 제10권10호
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• pp.1034-1040
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• 1997

A solar cell conversion effiency was degraded by grain boundary effect in polycrystalline silicon. Grain boundaries acted as potential barriers as well as recombination centers for the photo-generated carriers. To reduce these effects of the grain boundaries we investigated various influencing factors such as emitter thickness thermal treatment preferential chemical etching of grain boundaries grid design contact metal and top metallization along boundaries. Pretreatment in $N_2$atmosphere and gettering by POCl$_3$and Al were performed to obtain multicrystalline silicon of the reduced defect density. Structural electrical and optical properties of slar cells were characterized before and after each fabrication process. Improved conversion efficiencies of solar cell were obtained by a combination of pretreatment above 90$0^{\circ}C$ emitter layer of 0.43${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ Al diffusion in to grain boundaries on rear side fine grid finger top Yb metal and buried contact metallization along grain boundaries.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.23-30
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• 1980

Berberine, when administered into a ear-vein of the rabbit anesthetized with urethane, produced a long-lasting, dose related fall in blood pressure, but intraventricular berberline did not elicit the hypotensive response. This hypotensive activity of berberine was not influenced by pretreatment of vagotomization and atropine. Depressor responses induced by berberine were not impaired by diphenhydramine, chlorisondamine, guanethidine and propranolol, but reduced significantly by phentolamine pretreatment. Berberine attenuated markedly prossor responses of norepinephrine and epinephrine. These results suggest that berberine causes the hypotensive activity that is attributable to alpha adrenoceptor blockade, but not to a direct relaxant effect upon vascular smooth muscle.

• 약학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.31-39
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• 1979

Bethanidine was administered into the lateral ventricle of the rabbit brain for the investigation of the effect on the renal function in doses ranging from 0.1 to 1.0mg/kg. In a dose of 0.1 mg/kg, bethanidine did not exhibit significant changes on the renal function of the rabbit, on the other hand, in the doses of 0.3 and 1.0mg/kg bethanidine elicited the reduction of renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate with a marked antidiuresis, at the same time bethanidine produced the decrement of urinary sodium and potassium excretion. After intravenous pretreatment of phentolamine, intraventricular bethanidine in a dose of 0.3mg/kg did not produced the antidiuresis and the decrement of urinary sodium and potassium excretion, wherease renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate reduced as before of phentolamine pretreatment although the durations of their reduction were shortened. These observations suggest that bethanidine induces the antidiuresis through the centrally mediated mechanism which interposed other factors in addition to sympathetic stimulation affected by phentolamine, alpha adrenergic blocking agent.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.227-233
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• 2001

Wool fabrics were pre-treated with corona prior to treating with enzyme for shrinkage resistance. Commercial protease and cellulase were used for degradation of wool and the treatment conditions such as enzyme amount, treating time, and assistant chemicals. Friction coefficient and zeta-potential were measured to certificate an effect of treatment condition on the handle of wool fabric. Corona pretreatment make the wool fabric soft, which result in the decrease of friction coefficient and zeta-potential. Scale removal of wool surface was observed by scanning electron microscope. Amino acid analysis shows the effectiveness of enzyme, and corona pretreatment does not cause severe internal damage.

• 생약학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.47-52
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• 1988

In an attempt to investigate the effect of Beekeumsan on the hemostatic action and isolated uterine muscle, Beekeumsan was administered orally and the bleeding time in mouse tail, prothrombin time in vitro were estimated. Its activity on the isolated uterine muscle in rats were investigated. The following results were obtained; The bleeding time was not shortened, but the plasma prothrombin time in vitro was significantly shortened. The uterotonic action produced by the Beekeumsan was not inhibited by pretreatment of atropine, but was slightly inhibited by cyproheptadine and completely inhibited by pretreatment of diltiazem.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.752-755
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of ash tree leaf extract (ALE) on acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Hepatoprotective effects were detected by biochemical analysis of hepatic enzymes and histopathological examination of the liver. BALB/c mice were divided into three groups: 'normal' control mice, APAP-treated control mice, and mice pretreated with ALE and treated with APAP. A single dose of APAP markedly increased levels of plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Light micrographs of liver cells stained with hematoxylin and eosin showed that APAP induced severe centrilobular necrosis, degeneration, and infiltration by inflammatory cells. Moreover, APAP caused the numbers of TUNEL-positive hepatocytes to increase and caused glycogen content to decrease as observed by Periodic acid-Schiff stain. However, pretreatment with ALE for 7 days prior to the administration of APAP significantly decreased plasma levels of AST and ALT. Histological findings demonstrated that ALE pretreatment alleviated APAP-induced liver damage, and induced the regeneration of liver tissue and restoration of glycogen. These results indicate that ash tree leaf extract exerts a protective effect against APAP-hepatotoxicity induced injury.

• 생약학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.259-263
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• 1992

The neuroprotective effect of betaine, one of the components of Lycii Fructus, on glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in primary cultured chicken brain cells were examined. Betaine was found to attenuate glutamate-induced neurotoxicity at the concentration of $5{\sim}10{\;}mM$ in both morphological and chemical aspects. The pretreatment of chicken brain cells with $5{\sim}10{\;}mM$betaine for 2hr at the 12 th day of culture before the 40min-exposure to $500\;{\mu}M$ glutamate significantly increased the survival rate of nerve cells in chicken brain. Betaine could also raise the decreased LDH-level in chicken brain cells which were induced neurotoxicity with $100\;{\mu}M$ glutamate. LDH value was decreased to 63% of control level in chicken brain cells at the time of 48 hr after the exposure to glutamate. However, the pretreatment of chicken brain cells with 5 mM betaine for 2 hr before the exposure to glutamate prevent the decrease of LDH in cells showing 90% of control level. Nevertheless, the remarkable neuroprotective effect of betaine on the glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in cultured chicken brain cells could not be observed when betaine was simultaneously administrated with glutamate.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.354-361
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• 1999

In this study, the effects of tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) on ischemia/ reperfusion injury were investigated on isolated heart perfusion models. Hezrts were perfused with oxygenated Krebs-henseleit solution (pH 7.4, $37^{\cire}C$) on a Langendorff apparatus. After equilibration, isolated hearts were treated with TUDCA 100 and 200 $\mu\textrm{M}$ or vehicle (0.02% DMSO) for 10 min before the onset of ischemia in single treatment group. In 7 day pretreatment group. TUDCA 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight were given orally for 7 days before operation. After global ischemia (30 min), ischemic hearts were reperfused for 30 min. The physiological (i.e. heart rate, left ventricdular developed pressure, coronary flow, double product, time to contracture formation) and biochemical (lactate dehydrogenase; LDH) parameters were evaluated. In vehicle-treated group, time to contracture formation was 810 sec during ischemia, LVDP was 34.0 mmHg at the endpoint of reperfusion and LDH activity in total reperfusion effluent was 34.3 U/L. Single treatment with TUDCA did not change the postischemic recovery of cardiac function, LDH and time to contractur compared with ischemic control group. TUDCA pretreatment showed the tendency to decrease LDH release and to increase time to contracture and coronary flow. Our findings suggest that TUDCA does not ameliorate ischemia/reperfusion-reduced myocardial damage.