• 방사선산업학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.239-256
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• 2023

The classification of the radiation work performed in Korean nuclear power plants (NPPs) must be understood to provide workers with more comprehensive radiation protection. This study used annual reports on occupational exposure to investigate and analyze the similarities and differences in the radiation work performed in Korean NPPs with pressurized water reactors (PWRs) and pressurized heavy water reactors (PHWRs). The results showed that the radiation work performed in Korean NPPs could be classified into three categories. Category 1 contains work at the highest level. This work can be divided into individual tasks belonging to Category 2, which enables the evaluation of the radiation dose during the work. The work in Category 2 consists of tasks from Category 3, which contains basic detailed tasks that are not further subdivided. This study emphasized the need for the systematic management of the radiation work performed in both Korean PWRs and PHWRs, such as the tasks in Category 3, which are similar, with similar working conditions, for PWRs and PHWRs. It also suggested the need to establish a list of radiation work for decommissioning because Kori Unit 1 and Wolsong Unit 1 are currently in permanent shutdown and preparations are being made for their decommissioning.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.172-177
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• 2010

중수로원전에서 환경으로 배출되는 방사성유출물의 양은 경수로원전에 비해 상대적으로 많고, 방사성유출물을 계속적으로 배출하는 연속배출(Continuous release) 방식으로 운용되고 있다. 이 때문에 원자로건물 배기 굴뚝(Stack) 등 주요 배출지점에 방사선검출기(Radiation detector)를 설치하여 방사성유출물의 농도를 실시간으로 감시하고 있다. 또한 방사성핵종 별로 연간 배출 가능한 유도배출한계(Derived Release Limits: DRLs)를 정하고, 이들 설정 값을 초과하지 않도록 엄격하게 관리하고 있다. 본 논문은 중수로원전 방사성유출물에 대한 배출관리 방식, 유도배출한계의 설정기준, 설정 방법론과 설정 현황을 조사하여 검토하였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제41권8호
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• pp.1005-1014
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• 2009

The Dual Unit Optimizer 2000 MWe (DUO2000) is put forward as a new design concept for large power nuclear plants to cope with economic and safety challenges facing the $21^{st}$ century green and sustainable energy industry. DUO2000 is home to two nuclear steam supply systems (NSSSs) of the Optimized Power Reactor 1000 MWe (OPR1000)-like pressurized water reactor (PWR) in single containment so as to double the capacity of the plant. The idea behind DUO may as well be extended to combining any number of NSSSs of PWRs or pressurized heavy water reactors (PHWRs), or even boiling water reactors (BWRs). Once proven in water reactors, the technology may even be expanded to gas cooled, liquid metal cooled, and molten salt cooled reactors. With its in-vessel retention external reactor vessel cooling (IVR-ERVC) as severe accident management strategy, DUO can not only put the single most querulous PWR safety issue to an end, but also pave the way to very promising large power capacity while dispensing with the huge redesigning cost for Generation III+ nuclear systems. Five prototypes are presented for the DUO2000, and their respective advantages and drawbacks are considered. The strengths include, but are not necessarily limited to, reducing the cost of construction by decreasing the number of containment buildings from two to one, minimizing the cost of NSSS and control systems by sharing between the dual units, and lessening the maintenance cost by uniting the NSSS, just to name the few. The latent threats are discussed as well.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.589-596
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• 2013

In a pressurized heavy water reactor, following loss of the primary coolant, severe core damage would begin with the depletion of the liquid moderator, exposing the top row of internally-voided fuel channels to steam cooling conditions on the inside and outside. The uncovered fuel channels would heat up, deform and disassemble into core debris. Large inventories of water passively reduce the rate of progression of the accident, prolonging the time for complete loss of engineered heat sinks. The efficacy of available backup and ultimate heat sinks, available in a CANDU 6 reactor, in mitigating the consequences of a prolonged station blackout scenario was analysed using the MAAP4-CANDU code. The analysis indicated that the steam generator secondary side water inventory is the most effective heat sink during the accident. Additional heat sinks such as the primary coolant, moderator, calandria vault water and end shield water are also able to remove decay heat; however, a gradually increasing mismatch between heat generation and heat removal occurs over the course of the postulated event. This mismatch is equivalent to an additional water inventory estimated to be 350,000 kg at the time of calandria vessel failure. In the Enhanced CANDU 6 reactor ~2,040,000 kg of water in the reserve water tank is available for prolonged emergencies requiring heat sinks.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.167-175
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• 2014

가동중검사 동안 가압중수로 압력관에서 탐지된 베어링 패드 프레팅 결함, 이물질 프레팅 결함 등 체적결함에 대해서는 CSA N285.8-05 에 따라 탄성 응력집중계수 수식을 이용하여 피로균열 및 수소지연균열이 개시되는 것을 평가하여야 한다. CSA N285.8-05 에는 이물질 프레팅 결함에 대해서는 선형파괴역학 기반한 개략적인 수식만이 제시된다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 이물질 프레팅 결함에 대해 2 차원 유한요소 해석과 일부 수정된 Kinectrics 사의 공학적 절차를 통해 이물질 프레팅 결함의 기하학적 특성이 좀더 상세히 고려된 탄성 응력집중계수 수식을 도출하였다. 도출된 수식을 적용한 결과와 3 차원 유한요소 해석 결과를 비교한 결과, 도출된 수식은 유한요소 해석과 잘 일치하는 결과를 얻을 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.638-644
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• 2017

The importance of developing a source-term assessment technology has been emphasized owing to the decommissioning of Kori nuclear power plant (NPP) Unit 1 and the increase of deteriorated NPPs. We analyzed the behavioral mechanism of corrosion products in the primary system of a pressurized heavy-water reactor-type NPP. In addition, to check the possibility of applying the CRUDTRAN code to a Canadian Deuterium Uranium Reactor (CANDU)-type NPP, the type was assessed using collected domestic onsite data. With the assessment results, it was possible to predict trends according to operating cycles. Values estimated using the code were similar to the measured values. The results of this study are expected to be used to manage the radiation exposures of operators in high-radiation areas and to predict decommissioning processes in the primary system.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.311-322
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• 2012

Since the crisis at the Fukushima plants, severe accident progression during a station blackout accident in nuclear power plants is recognized as a very important area for accident management and emergency planning. The purpose of this study is to investigate the comparative characteristics of anticipated severe accident progression among the three typical types of nuclear reactors. A station blackout scenario, where all off-site power is lost and the diesel generators fail, is simulated as an initiating event of a severe accident sequence. In this study a comparative analysis was performed for typical pressurized water reactor (PWR), boiling water reactor (BWR), and pressurized heavy water reactor (PHWR). The study includes the summarization of design differences that would impact severe accident progressions, thermal hydraulic/severe accident phenomenological analysis during a station blackout initiated-severe accident; and an investigation of the core damage process, both within the reactor vessel before it fails and in the containment afterwards, and the resultant impact on the containment.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.351-356
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• 2021

Korean nuclear power plants (NPPs) have various radiation protection programs to attain radiation exposure as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA). In terms of ALARA, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of administrative dose control for occupationally-exposed workers in Korean NPPs. In addition to dose limits, administrative dose constraints are implemented to resolve an inequity of radiation exposure in which some individuals in NPPs receive relatively higher doses than others. Occupational dose constraints in Korean NPPs are presented in this paper with the background of how those values were determined. For pressurized water reactors, 80% and 90% of the annual average limit for an effective dose, 20 mSv/y, are set as the primary and secondary dose constraints, respectively. Pressurized heavy water reactors (PHWRs) have also established the primary and secondary dose constraints corresponding to 70% and 80% of the effective dose limit, and additional constraints for tritium concentration are provided to control internal exposure in PHWRs. Follow-up measures for exceeding these administrative dose constraints are also introduced compared to exceeding the dose limits. Finally, analysis results of dose distributions show how the implementation of administrative dose constraints impacted the occupational dose distributions in Korean NPPs during the years 2009-2018.

• 한국압력기기공학회 논문집
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.14-20
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• 2011

The end of design lifetime for Wolsong unit 1 will be reached on 20th November in 2012. So the license renewal documents for the continuous operation of Wolsong unit 1 is under reviewing now. Major components of primary system such as pressure tubes, feeder pipes including delayed neutron monitoring system tubing are being replaced and many components of secondary system are also being repaired. In this paper, the assessment on the wear degradation of delayed neutron monitoring system tubing(on the other hand, DN tube was called) was performed for the ageing management of the same component. The wear defects of this component was one of causes that resulted in heavy water leakage accidents. Therefore design specifications of Wolsong uint 1 and heavy water leakage accidents of pressurized heavy water reactors were reviewed and causes of wear defect for DN tubes were analyzed. Wear propagation equations based on the heavy water leakage history were made and the proper repairing time was possible to be expected if the continued operation was considered. Finally design change items of DN tubes that were conducted for the long term operation of Wolsong unit 1 are introduced.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.184-189
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• 2009

중수로원전의 방사선작업종사자는 방사선작업 종료 후에 뇨시료를 제출하여 공기중 삼중수소의 섭취에 따른 내부피폭 선량을 평가하고 있다. 이 경우 종사자가 제출한 뇨시료는 삼중수소가 체내에서 평형에 도달한 대표시료(Representative sample)라는 전제를 필요로 한다. 국제방사선방호위원회(ICRP)의 간행물과 삼중수소의 인체평형에 대한 캐나다의 실험결과에 의하면 체내로 유입된 삼중수소는 약 2-3시간 후에 평형에 도달한다고 기술하고 있다. 그런데 원전에서는 계획예방정비기간 동안 일시에 많은 작업이 진행되고 빈번한 종사자의 출입으로, 방사선작업 종료 후 제출하는 뇨시료는 섭취 후 평형에 도달하는 약 2시간 경과 이전에 제출하거나, 지연하여 제출하는 경우가 발생할 수 있다. 따라서 이 논문에서는 방사선작업 종료 후 종사자가 제출하는 시간대별 뇨시료 중의 삼중수소 농도를 측정하였고, 이를 근거로 체내 삼중수소의 농도에 대한 변화추이와 선량평가에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 그 결과 종사자의 뇨시료는 대부분 삼중수소 섭취 후 2시간 정도에 신체 내에서 평형에 도달하는 것으로 확인되었다.