• Wind and Structures
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.449-468
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• 2015

Current wind-resistance designs of large-scale indirect dry cooling towers (IDCTs) exclude an important factor: the influence of the ventilation rate for radiator shutter on wind loads on the outer surfaces of the tower shell. More seemingly overlooked aspects are the effects of various ventilation rates on the wind pressure distribution on the tower surfaces of two IDCTs, and the feature of the flow field around them. In order to investigate the effects of the radiator shutter ventilation rates on the aerodynamic interference between IDCTs, this paper established the numerical wind tunnel model based on the Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) technology, and analyzed the influences of various radiator shutter ventilation rates on the aerodynamic loads acting upon a single and two extra-large IDCTs during building, installation, and operation stages. Through the comparison with the results of physical wind tunnel test and different design codes, the results indicated that: the influence of the ventilation rate on the flow field and shape coefficients on the outer surface of a single IDCT is weak, and the curve of mean shape coefficients is close to the reference curve provided by the current design code. In a two-tower combination, the ventilation rate significantly affects the downwind surface of the front tower and the upwind surface of the back tower, and the larger positive pressure shifts down along the upwind surface of the back tower as the ventilation rate increases. The ventilation rate significantly influences the drag force coefficient of the back tower in a two-tower combination, the drag force coefficient increases with the ventilation rate and reaches the maximum in a building status of full ventilation, and the maximum drag coefficient is 11% greater than that with complete closure.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.397-413
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• 2018

Excitation mechanism of interference effect between two tall buildings is investigated with wind tunnel experiments. Synchronized building surface pressure and flow field measurements by particle image velocimetry (PIV) are conducted to explore the relationship between the disturbed wind flow field and the consequent wind load modification for twin buildings in tandem. This reveals evident excitation mechanisms for the fluctuating across-wind loads on the buildings. For small distance (X/D < 3) between two buildings, the disturbed flow pattern of impaired vortex shedding is observed and the fluctuating across-wind load on the downstream building decreases. For larger distance ($X/D{\geq}3$), strong correlation between the across-wind load of the downstream building and the oscillation of the wake of the upstream building is found. By further analysis with conditional sampling and phase-averaged techniques, the coherent flow structures in the building gap are clearly observed and the wake oscillation of the upstream building is confirmed to be the reason of the magnified across-wind force on the downstream building. For efficient PIV measurement, the experiments use a square-section high-rise building model with geometry scale smaller than the usual value. Interference factors for all three components of wind loads on the building models being surrounded by another identical building with various configurations are measured and compared with those from previous studies made at large geometry scale. The results support that for interference effect between buildings with sharp corners, the length scale effect plays a minor role provided that the minimum Reynolds number requirement is met.

• 센서학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.106-111
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• 2006

Pulse sensors generally have characteristics that cause a analytical error by the interference of signals according to tiny motion of body and pressure applied to skin. To resolve this problem, we implemented the sensor that is capable of simultaneously measuring pressure and PPG(photoplethymogram) in a state attached to skin. Pressure and PPG was recorded at the finger and wrist respectively to evaluate the usefulness of the implemented sensor. Then, it was observed that the shape of PPG from sensor changed by pressure pushing down skin. Results of this study suggested that it is possible to monitor a degree of skin pressurization and to guarantee a reliable measurement by simultaneously measuring pressure and PPG using implemented integrated sensor when measuring PPG on the wrist or the finger.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.907-915
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• 2013

TPMS(Tire Pressure Monitoring System)는 자동차 타이어의 센서부에서 전송된 온도나 압력 등의 데이터를 기반으로 타이어의 상태를 파악하여 운전자가 수시로 이를 점검하여 차량의 주행조건을 최적의 상태로 유지시켜주기 위한 안전보조시스템이다. TPMS는 특성상 무선통신을 기반으로 데이터를 전송하는데, 무선통신 시 TPMS와 비슷한 주파수 대역을 사용하는 외부의 각종 전기 및 전자 장치들에 의한 간섭의 영향으로 통신 장애가 발생할 수 있다. 이러한 다양한 고출력의 간섭을 제거하기 위해 등간격 선형 안테나 어레이 구조의 다양한 빔형성 기술을 사용한다. 빔형성 기술은 많은 수의 안테나를 사용할수록 더욱 향상된 간섭제거 성능을 얻을 수 있는데, 차량 내부의 구조상 사용할 수 있는 안테나의 수는 제한적이다. 본 논문에서는 차량 내부에 설치되는 안테나 수를 늘리기 위해 안테나 사이의 간격을 줄였을 경우 빔형성기의 성능을 비교 분석한다. 빔형성기의 성능분석을 위해 최근에 제안된 TPMS용 스위칭(switching) 빔형성기와 MVDR(Minimum -Variance Distortionless-Response) 빔형성기를 고려한다.

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.5-14
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• 2000

In the design of epicyclic gearing, the analysis of interference and mechanical efficiency is an important index. As an applied way, epicyclic gearing can be used for planetary gear drive and differential gear unit. In case that one of its components is fixed with intend, it is called planetary gear drive. On the contrary, in case that no component is fixed, it is called differential gear unit. In this paper, various design constraints and interferences are defined for 2K-H I type epicyclic gearing which is a basic arrangement of diverse epicyclic gearings. And various interferences are analyzed, and mechanical efficiency is calculated in case that 2K-H I epicyclic gearing is used for a differential gear unit as the change of gear ratio, cutter pressure angle, addendum modification coefficient. As that results, trend of mechanical efficiency is investigated in the ranges of addendum modification coefficients which would not lead to interferences, and the optimal range of addendum modification coefficient which can generate the maximum mechanical efficiency are presented. In order to prove results of theoretical efficiency analysis, experimental studies are performed.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제22권11호
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• pp.64-71
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• 2005

In order to measure surface roughness profile, stylus type equipments are commonly used, but the stylus keeps contact with surface and damages specimens by its tip pressure. Therefore, optics based measurement systems are developed, and light phase interferometer, which is based on light interference phenomenon, is the most noticeable research. However, light interference based measurements require translation mechanisms of nano-meter order in order to generate phase differences or multiple focusing, thus the systems cannot satisfy the industrial need of on-the-machine and in-process measurement to achieve factory automation and productive enhancement. In this research, we focused light reflectance phenomenon rather than the light interference, because reflectance based method do not need translation mechanisms. However, the method cannot direct]y measure surface roughness profile, because reflected light consists of several components and thus it cannot supply surface height information with its original form. In order to overcome the demerit, we newly proposed an image processing based algorithm, which can separate reflected light components and conduct parameterization and reconstruction process with respect to surface height information, and then confirmed the reliability of proposed algorithm by experiment.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.99-107
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• 2014

The aim of the present study is to investigate the flow interference between two adjacent undulating fish-like body, and its effect on the undulating propulsion. For this purpose, unsteady two dimensional incompressible flow calculations were conducted using an unstructured mesh flow solver, coupled with an overset mesh technique. To deal with mesh deformation due to fish locomotion, spring analogy is utilized. The fish body used in the simulation is constructed from the NACA0012 airfoil. The study indicates that the propulsion of undulating fish is proportional to frequency and wavelength of the midline oscillation when there is no adjacent fish. It also reveals that average thrust was increased when the vortex shedding from the tail was conserved well and pressure difference between upper and lower sides of the fish was magnified due to flow interference. From this study, which relative position and phase difference of locomotion between two fishes can generate maximum thrust was known among six different cases.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제36권7호
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• pp.621-627
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• 2008

풍동에서 측정된 공력자료에는 풍동벽면의 영향으로 인하여 불가항력적인 오차가 포함되어 있다. 벽면영향이 없는 공력자료를 얻기 위해서는 이러한 원하지 않는 벽면효과를 제거 하여야 한다. 유선곡률 효과는 풍동벽면의 영향으로 유선의 곡률이 자유 흐름의 것과 다르기 때문에 발생한다. 고정익 항공기에 사용되고 있는 전통적인 유선곡률 효과를 보정방법인 Glauert의 보정방법은 회전익 항공기에 적용이 적절하지 않다. 본 논문에서는 로터에 적절한 후류모델을 사용하는 Heyson의 보정방법을 사용하여 로터축 기울어짐 각과 동압을 보정하였다. Heyson 보정방법의 결과를 Glauert 보정방법의 결과와 비교하였다.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.374-379
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• 2002

A new active muffler system has been developed and its superior performance on both noise reduction and engine torque increase is demonstrated with experiment. Main characteristic of the proposed muffler system is the use of destructive interference by transmission path difference of divided exhaust pipes to reduce major exhaust noise components thereby overcoming problems of other active exhaust noise control methods. The exhaust pipe is divided into two sections and joined again downstream. One divided pipe has a sliding mechanism to vary its length, which is controlled to make half wavelength transmission path difference for the major engine rpm frequency. In this system one divided pipe is used to control major rpm frequency and its Harmonics and another pipe is used to control noise component double the frequency of rpm. An after-market tuning muffler, which has very simple internal structure and minimal back pressure, is also installed to remove remaining wideband noise. To make the system to be small enough to be practical, conventional muffler is also installed and used in low rpm range and active muffler is only employed in high rpm range. Noise reduction of the proposed system is comparable to conventional passive muffler. The engine dynamo test has proved the proposed system can recover almost all the torque lost by conventional muffler.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2007

Scattering fields of two dimensional acoustic waves by a circular cylinder are investigated. The present numerical approach for the acoustic scattering problem has difficulties of numerical robustness, long-time stability and suitability of far-field boundary treatments. The time-dependent periodic acoustic source is used to analyze Interference patterns between incident waves and waves reflected by the cylinder. Characteristic boundary algorithms coupled with 4th order Modified-Flux-Approach ENO(essentially non-oscillatory) schemes are employed in generalized coordinates to examine the effect of the wane frequency on the interference patterns. Non-reflecting boundary conditions, which is crustal for accurate computations of aeroacoustic problems, are used not to contaminate scattering fields by reflected waves at the outer boundary. Computed scattering fields show the circumferential acoustic modes generated by interacting between acoustic sources and scattered waves. At a lower frequency, the wave passes almost straight through the cylinder without Interacting with circular cylinder. Simulation results are presented and compared with the analytic solution. Computed RMS-pressure distribution on the cylinder wall is good agreement with exact solution.