• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.439-446
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• 2020

Purpose: The evidence for an association between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and obesity is conflicting. Therefore, we set out to review the body mass index (BMI) at presentation of IBD to understand if the rise of the obesity rate in the general population, lead to an increase of obesity in patients with IBD at the time of diagnosis. Methods: Retrospective review of all patients with IBD seen at Children's Hospital and Medical Center from January 1st 2010 to December 31st 2014. From the initial visit and endoscopy, we obtained: age; sex; BMI; disease phenotype; disease severity. Results: We had a total of 95 patients, 35 patients were excluded due to incomplete data or referral being made after diagnosis was made. 28 were males and 32 were females, Age range was 2-17 years. A 37 had Crohn's disease, 19 ulcerative colitis, and 4 indeterminate colitis. Disease severity in 19 cases was mild, 29 moderate and 12 severe. BMI distribution was as follows-obese (5.0%), overweight (6.7%), normal weight (65.0%), mild malnutrition (8.3%), moderate malnutrition (15.0%), severe malnutrition (1.7%). Conclusion: Our data is consistent with other series. Showing most children had a normal BMI, regardless of disease severity or phenotypes. One confounding factor is the possibility of delay in referral to GI. This could mean some obese children may fall in the normal BMI range at the time of diagnosis due to ongoing weight loss. Future studies should include prospective cohort studies, comparing incidence of IBD in obese and non-obese patients, severity at presentation, duration of symptoms, and clinical outcomes.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.277-280
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• 2014

Background: Testicular cancer management is considered a marvel of modern science with excellent treatment results. Pakistan has a distinct ethnic variation and geographic distribution but data regarding clinical presentation of testicular tumors and their management is under reported. The objective of this study was to determine clinical profile, treatment modalities and survival outcome of testicular tumors in the Pakistani population. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of patients who received treatment for testicular cancer at Shaukat Khanum Cancer Hospital from January 2009 to December 2012 was performed. Patient demographics, clinical features at presentation and treatment modalities were assessed. For categorical variables chi square test was used. Survival was calculated using Kaplan Meier survival curves and Log rank test was employed to determine significance. Results: The most common tumor was mixed germ cell tumor in 49% patients. For all tumor variants except seminoma, stage III was the most common clinical stage at presentation. Majority of patients with non seminomatous germ cell tumors presented in the15-30 year age group as compared to seminoma which was most prevalent in the 30-40 year age group. Orchiectomy followed by chemotherapy was the most common treatment modality in 80% patients. Expected 5 year survival for seminomas and non-seminomatous germ cell tumors was 96% and 90% respectively which was not significantly different (p=0.2). Conclusions: Despite a distinct clinical profile of testicular tumors in Pakistani population, survival is comparable with published reports.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.3809-3813
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• 2012

Background and Objectives: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major health problem in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Our aim was to characterize the epidemiology of CRC in the Saudi population. Design and Setting: Retrospective analysis of all cases of CRC recorded in the Saudi Cancer Registry (SCR) between January 2001 and December 2006 amongst Saudi citizens in KSA. Patients and Methods: Data were retrieved from the database of the SCR. Descriptive statistics was performed using SPSS. Results: A total of 4,201 cases of CRC were registered in the SCR. The incidence of CRC increased between 2001 and 2006. The mean age of patients at the time of diagnosis was 58 years; most patients were above 45 years of age (n=3322; 79.1%). At the time of diagnosis, 977 patients (23.0%) presented with localized disease and 1,018 (24.0%) had distant metastasis. The most frequent pathological variant was adenocarcinoma (73%), with grade 2 (moderately differentiated) being the most common grade among all variants (61%). For all cancer grades, the frequency of CRC was significantly higher among patients >45 years (P=0.004), who presented with more advanced disease (stages III and IV) (P=0.012). Based on logistic regression, age >45 years was associated with advanced regional presentation (P=0.001). Tumor grade was associated with advanced regional presentation and metastasis. Conclusions: There was an increase in the incidence of CRC between 2001 and 2006. The age at the time of diagnosis was low when compared with reports from developed countries. A nationwide approach is needed to encourage and illustrate the importance of screening programs.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.4009-4011
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• 2016

Background: Classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (cHL) is a B-cell lymphoid neoplasm characterized by a distinctive biological behavior with potentially curable disease characteristics. It is an uncommon hematological malignancy which primarily affects younger individuals. The rationale of this study was to determine its clinico-hematological profile along with stage stratification in Pakistani patients. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, adult patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma were enrolled from January 2010 to December 2014. Results: Sixty two histopathologically confirmed cases of cHL were identified. There were 42 males and 20 females, with a male to female ratio of 2: 1. The mean age was $29.7{\pm}13.8$ years with the median age of 30 years. B symptoms were present in 72.5% of patients. Histopathologically, the mixed cellularity type constituted 62.9% of cases, followed by nodular sclerosis in 25.8%, lymphocyte predominant in 9.6% and lymphocyte depleted in 1.6%. Stages I and II were present in 43.5% of patients at disease presentation, with 56.4% in stages III and IV. Conclusions: Our analysis shows that clinico-pathological features of Hodgkin's lymphoma in Pakistan are comparable to published data. Mixed cellularity is the commonest histological variant and advanced stage at presentation are common findings in our patients.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.88-93
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• 1996

A clinical analysis was made of 42 pilomatricoma in 34 children treated, from January 1980 to August 1996 at the Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hanyang University. The gender ratio was 13 to 21 with female preponderance. The average age at presentation was 7 years 3 months(range 8 months to 19 years old). The time average interval from onset to excision was 9.8 months. The predilection site was neck, upper extremities, face, trunk and lower extremities in the decreasing order of frequency. The masses were less than 3cm in diameter and there was no correlation between age at presentation and size of the mass. Of the six children with multiple lesions, two presented with multiple lesions initially and four presented with second lesion metachronously after excision of the primary lesions. Two girls had cysticercosis and von Recklinghausen's disease respectively in association with a pilomatricoma. All lesions were encapsulated subcutaneous masses which were clearly distinguished from surrounding tissue, and 4 of them had pigmentation, ulceration, skin disruption and hemorrhagic changes in the overlying skin. Microscopically the mass was composed of basophilic cells and eosinophilic shadow cells. Calcification, foreign body giant cell, ossification, focal cystic, inflammatory or necrotic changes were also seen.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.5077-5083
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• 2013

Background: Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in women globally and represents the second leading cause of cancer death among women (after lung cancer). India is going through epidemiologic transition. It is reported that the incidence of breast cancer is rising rapidly as a result of changes in reproductive risk factors, dietary habits and increasing life expectancy, acting in concert with genetic factors. Materials and Methods: In order to understand the existing epidemiological correlates of breast cancer in South India, a systematic review of evidence available on epidemiologic correlates of breast cancer addressing incidence, prevalence, and associated factors like age, reproductive factors, cultural and religious factors was performed with specific focus on screening procedures in southern India. Results: An increase in breast cancer incidence due to various modifiable risk factors was noted, especially in women over 40 years of age, with late stage of presentation, lack of awareness about screening, costs, fear and stigma associated with the disease serving as major barriers for early presentation. Conclusions: Educational strategies should be aimed at modifying the life style, early planning of pregnancy, promoting breast feeding and physical activity. It is very important to obtain reliable data for planning policies, decision-making and setting up the priorities.

• 대한기관식도과학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.151-158
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• 1995

Anaplastic carcinoma of thyroid gland account for no more than 10% of thyroid cancer, but it shows extremely poor prognosis. The purpose of this study is to review the outcome of patients with anaplastic carcinoma over the span of 5 years and to determine the patterns of clinical presentation, age, sex and other possible prognostic variables. We analyzed 30 cases of anaplastic carcinoma retrospectively from 1991 to 1995. There were 14 men and 16 women. There age ranged 33 to 75 years with a mean of 61.0 years. Sixteen patients presented with transformationqr of well differentiated carcinoma to anaplastic carcinoma, 1 with rapid in-crease in the size of long standing goiter, 8 with rapidly growing neck mass and 4 with meta static disease. Twenty-eight patients(93.3%) showed cervical lymphnode metastasis at presentation and twenty three patients(76.6%) showed laryngotracheal invasion. Nine patients (30.3%) showed distant metastasis. Treatment modalities included surgical resection, external irradiation, radioactive iodine and systemic chemotherapy. At decision making of treatment plan, we considered completeness of initial surgery, uptake rate of whole body radioactive io-dine scan, locoregional progression and distant metastasis. The median survival was 6.8 months and three cases survived beyond 12 months.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.1139-1146
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• 2002

Sixty crossbred Anglo-Nubian goats (growing females), 18-24 mo of age, with a mean pre-experimental live weight of $20.9{\pm}0.44kg$ were used to investigate voluntary dry matter intake (DMI) and digestibility of supplements of Leucaena leucocephala (LL) leaves to a basal diet of guinea grass. The experiment was a 3 forms of presentation: fresh, wilted and $dry{\times}4$ levels of supplementation: 10, 20, 30 and 40% of total forage allowance with LL leaves. The goats were assigned based on weight and age to one of the twelve diets in a randomized manner and each level had five animals (replicates) per diet for 56 days. The form of presentation of LL leaves had effects on dry matter (DM) and nutrient composition. DM and NDF were higher in the dry LL leaves (p<0.05). In the diets, CP increased as the level of supplementation with LL leaves increased (p<0.05). Mean CP was similar in the fresh ($14.8{\pm}3.5%$), wilted ($14.3{\pm}3.3%$) and dry forms ($13.9{\pm}3.1%$). Neutral detergent fibre (NDF) decreased linearly (p<0.05) with increase in levels of supplementation. Organic matter (OM) followed the trend of CP concentration (p<0.05). Drying was observed to reduce the availability of CP at the different levels of supplementation and subsequently this affected the NDF of the diets. DM intake of the goats on the fresh and wilted LL leaves was significantly higher (p<0.05) than in those on the dry LL leaves. DM intake of the basal diet was observed to decrease as the level of supplementation (p<0.05) increased regardless of the form of presentation of LL. Growth rate was best (p<0.05) on the fresh form followed by wilted and the least in the dry form. Growth rate decreased linearly (p<0.05) with increase in the level of supplementation in the dry form. The form of presentation and level of supplementation influenced DM, CP and OM digestibility (p<0.05). Except for NDF, the digestibility of DM, CP and OM were better (p<0.05) in the goats on fresh LL leaves compared to the wilted and dry leaves. Based on the data on DMI, growth rate and apparent nutrient digestibility coefficients, the results suggest that LL leaves is best utilized when fed fresh or wilted to goats. In the dry form of presentation, the best level of supplementation without a reduction in voluntary DMI and growth rate is the 20%. In the fresh and wilted form, LL leaves could be fed up to the 40% level with improved DMI, growth rate and nutrient utilization.

• 아동학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2005

This study investigated moral judgment and moral reasoning about aggressive behavior by intention, presentation of results of aggressive behavior, and age of child. Forty-four 3-year old and forty-six 5-year-old day-care children in Seoul and Kyonggi Province were interviewed individually with 20 pictorial tasks. Data analysis was by frequencies, percentiles, means, standard deviations, paired t-test, and ANOVA(repeated measures). Both age groups judged instrumental and resentment-based types of aggression to be worse than prosocial or rule observance-based aggression. Both age groups judged aggressive behavior to be worse when results of aggression were presented. Five-year-olds judged aggression to be worse on instrumental than on retributive types of intent. Level of reasoning on aggressive behavior was lowest in cases of satisfying resentment Level of reasoning about aggression increased with age.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.861-872
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to objectively explain the visual sensibility of clothing pattern and develop the design of clothing pattern that satisfies the consumer's sensibility. The photos stimuli on clothing pattern are divided into source, presentation, layout and are composed of each 6 photos per chapter totally 48 photos and semantic differential bi-polar scales are consist of 27 couples sensibility words. The subjects were 400 females in the twenties. Data were analyzed by SAS. The major finds were as follows: 1. As a result of the factor analysis, 4 factors of visual sensibility were consist of Coordination, Hardness and Softness, Attention, Rhythm. 2. As to the difference of visual sensibility based on the composition of clothing pattern, there were differences Hardness and Softness, Rhythm by source and there were significant differences among 4 factors by presentation and layout. 3. According to the age and education level, there were significant differences in Attention, Rhythm and according to the consuming areas, there were significant differences in Coordination, Rhythm. 4. According to sensibility positioning, The clothing pattern was classified as soft-hard, simple-complicated. 5. As a result of the regression analysis, preference, consuming desire and satisfaction appears to be closely related. Good quality is related with total clothing image which is brought about composition of clothing pattern.