• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.30-35
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• 2009

Lung cancer could be developed through a series of morphological changes from dysplasia to carcinoma in situ and then invasive cancer. However, precancerous lesions are generally a few cell layers thick and are detected only by chance. Autofluorescence bronchoscopy(AFB) is one of the newly developed diagnostic tools to detect the pre-cancerous lesions m the bronchial tissue. Several studies have shown that AFB improved the rate of detection of cancer and dysplastic lesions of the airway, especially those in intraepithelial stage. However, there were high rates of false positive with AFB, and it is also important to develop non-biopsy methods because of lack of accurate information of variable course of preneoplastic lesions regarding progression. So, many other technologies were developed, such as narrow band imaging(NBI), endobronchoscopic ultrasound, optical coherence tomography, and confocal fluorescence microendoscopy. Among the new machines, NBI is a new optical technology that can clearly visualize the microvascular structure m the mucosal layer. NBI seems to increase specificity without compromising sensitivity. In the future such techniques would make it possible to precisely study in detail the natural history of the premalignant epithelium.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.165-172
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• 2007

Background: The pathogenesis of lung cancer includes the accumulation of multiple genetic abnormalities. The CREB-binding protein(CBP) is one of several transcriptional co-activators among various sequence-specific DNA-binding transcription factors. CBP is involved in a wide range of cellular activities, such as DNA repair, cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis that are suspected of contributing to tumorigenesis. The goal of this study was to evaluate CBP expression in a series of human lung tissues containing normal epithelium, premalignant lesions(hyperplasia and dysplasia) and squamous cell carcinomas. Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemical staining was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections by use of a monoclonal anti-CBP antibody. CBP expression was compared in samples from 120 patients with premalignant and malignant histological types including 20 metaplastic specimens, 40 dysplastic specimens, and 60 squamous cell carcinomas in the lung. Results: CBP expression was seen in 35% (7/20) of the metaplastic specimens. 65% (26/40) of the dysplastic specimens, and 70% (42/60) of the squamous cell carcinomas (p<0.05). According to celluar atypism, CBP expression was 50% (10/20) of the low-grade dysplastic specimens and 80% (16/20) of the high-grade dysplastic specimens(p <0.01). By cellular differentiation, CBP expression was seen in 95% (19/20) of the well differentiated squamous cell carcinomas, 85% (17/20) of the moderately differentiated carcinomas and 30% (6/20) of the poorly differentiated lesions (p <0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that CBP may have an important role in malignant transformation of precancerous lung lesions and may be a marker for malignancy.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.25-27
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• 2016

Cutaneous horns are conical, circumscribed protuberances formed by densely layered keratin. These lesions originate from basal keratinocytes and may manifest as benign, premalignant, or malignant cutaneous pathology in chronically sun-damaged areas. Complete surgical excision with histologic examination is needed for potential malignancy. In this report, we describe two elderly women presenting with solitary facial cutaneous horns, which were respectively diagnosed as actinic keratosis and squamous cell carcinoma.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.17
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• pp.7141-7148
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• 2014

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is an important malignancy throughout the world; early detection is an important criterion for achieving high cure rate. Out of the many reported markers for OSCC, this study validated the efficacy of tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) in differentially diagnosing premalignant oral lesions and OSCC. Also, the study aimed to correlate the levels of salivary and serum TNF-${\alpha}$ with clinicopathologic factors. Materials and Methods: A prospective experimental laboratory study was designed. Serum and salivary samples from 100 subjects in each group of healthy control, premalignant disease (PMD) and OSCC were collected for the study following appropriate exclusion and inclusion criteria. Serum and salivary level of TNF-${\alpha}$ was analysed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The data obtained were subjected to appropriate statistical analysis. Results: Increased level of both serum and salivary TNF-${\alpha}$ was observed in OSCC subjects compared to healthy control and PMD group. Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis and area under curve values showed high specificity and sensitivity for salivary TNF-${\alpha}$ in differentiating OSCC from PMD and healthy controls. There was significant increase in TNF-${\alpha}$ level in moderately and poorly differentiated lesion compared to well differentiated lesion and in stage IV of clinical stage. A positive correlation was observed only with histological grading of OSCC and TNF-${\alpha}$. Conclusions: Salivary TNF-${\alpha}$ is proved to be superior for detecting OSCC. Increase in TNF-${\alpha}$ with histological grading and clinical staging suggests a role in prognosis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.4265-4269
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• 2015

Introduction: The aim of the study was to explore the distribution of eyelid tumors in Ankara, the capital city of Turkey, from a histopathological point of view. Materials and Methods: Medical records of 1,502 patients who had eyelid surgery because of tumoral lesions were retrospectively reviewed after obtaining institutional review board approval. A total of 1,541 lesions with histopathologic diagnosis were included. Inflammatory tumoral lesions were excluded. The lesions were categorized into three groups according to the origin: epidermal, adnexal tumors and 'others', including melanocytic, neural and vascular lesions. Results: Of the total of 1,541, 908 lesions were epidermal in origin. Only 22 (1.5%) were malignant, and 6.0% was premalignant lesions such as actinic keratosis and Bowen's disease. Twenty-one of 22 malignant lesions were basal cell carcinoma. There was only one patient with squamous cell carcinoma and no sebaceous cell carcinoma. Among the benign tumors (92.5%), squamous papilloma was the most frequent (21.8% of all lesions). The other frequent lesions were nevus (17.6%), seborrheic keratosis (17.3%), hydrocystomas (10.6%), xanthelasma (7.6%) and epidermal cysts (7.2%). Conclusions: The results of this study are in accordance with published literature. The absence of sebaceous cell carcinomas needs to be stressed.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.457-459
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• 2002

Sunlight causes various types of adverse skin changes on the sun-exposed areas of the skin, in which the most hazardous one is the induction of malignant skin tumours. FT -IR spectra were obtained from specimens excised from normal skin, BCCs, SCCs, MMs, nevi, lesions of solar keratosis and Bowen's disease. Tissue samples from freshly frozen specimens were cut into 2 sections in strictly sequential order to be stained with H & E for histopathological analysis, and then to be air-dried on CaF$_2$ slide glasses for further spectral data acquisition from defined area of interest. Intra- and inter-sample variations were estimated within grouped lesion categories according to each skin component. Mean spectra for each type of tissue pathology in the 800-1800 $cm^{-1}$ / region was interpreted using the classical group frequency approach that showed the most visible differences in spectra of benign, premalignant and malignant changes directly related to protein conformation and nucleic acid bases. The relative intensity of the nucleic acid peak was increased with progression to malignancy. In addition, PCA was able to evaluate and maximise the differences in the spectra by reducing the number of variables characterizing each patient and pathology category. This type of approach to non-destructively estimate the complexity of IR-spectra of inhomogeneous samples such as skin demonstrates the advantage of FT -IR microspectroscopy to be able to observe diseased states (benign, premalignant, malignant) and distinguish them from normal against a huge background of inter- and intra-subject variability.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.46-50
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• 2009

During carcinogenesis, precancers (premalignant lesions) are the morphologically identifiable lesions that precede invasive cancers. In theory, the successful treatment of precancers would result in the eradication of most human cancers. Despite the importance of these lesions, there has been no effort to list and classify all of the precancers. In 2001, the NCI sponsored a workshop on the classification of precancers. When considering all the possible classes of precancers, it is worth noting that not all precancers are neoplastic. In fact, precancers need not progress to cancer, and precancerous lesions often have a high rate of regression. Thus, the following five classes were adopted: 1) acquired microscopic precancers; 2) acquired large lesions with microscopic atypia; 3) Precursor lesions occurring with inherited hyperplastic syndromes that progress to cancer; 4) acquired diffuse hyperplasias and diffuse metaplasias; and 5) currently unclassified entities. In this review paper, precancerous lesions of the stomach are classified and their clinical significance is described.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.1633-1637
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• 2012

Introduction: The incidence of oral premalignant and malignant lesions is on the rise due to an increased number of people taking in tobacco and alcohol related habits. Material and Methods: 1028 patients with tobacco, alcohol and areca nut habits attending our Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology formed the study sample. An interviewer based questionnaire was used to record the habit details. All the patients were then examined clinically for the presence of lesions. Chi square and Fisher exact tests were used to assess the statistical significance of the study parameters. Results: Males had a higher prevalence and comprised 87.9% of the sample. The commonest habit in this study sample was smoking (39.2%) followed by smokeless tobacco use (28.1%). Out of the 1028 patients with habits 40% had no clinically detectable changes in their mucosa. Of the mucosal changes leukoplakia (14%) was the commonest. Conclusions: This study provided information about the habit trends in the patients visiting this institution. The study may serve as a useful tool in educating the patients about the deleterious effects of oral tobacco, alcohol and betel exposure.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.18
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• pp.7635-7638
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• 2014

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the value of serum gastric markers to differentiate between patients with precancerous lesions and nonatrophic chronic gastritis. Materials and Methods: Serum samples of 128 patients with dyspepsia who were candidates for endoscopic examination were tested for pepsinogen (PG I and PG II), PG I/II ratio, gastrin 17(G-17), anti-Helicobacter pylori (anti-H pylori ) and anti-CagA antibodies. Two sample t-tests, chi-square tests and Pearson's correlation analyses were used for analysis using SPSS (version 20). Results: PGI, PG I/II ratio values were decreased significantly in the precancerous lesion group (0.05, 0.001 respectively). The frequency of H pylori infection was significantly (p=0.03) different between the two groups ofthe study. Conclusions: We suggest PGI and the PG I/II ratio as valuable markers for screening of premalignant gastric lesions.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.15
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• pp.6081-6086
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• 2014

Background: To evaluate the effectiveness of Microlux/DL with and without toluidine blue in screening of potentially malignant and malignant oral lesions. Materials and Methods: In this diagnostic clinical trial clinical examination was carried out by two teams: 1) two oral medicine consultants, and 2) two general dentists. Participants were randomly and blindly allocated for each examining team. A total of 599 tobacco users were assessed through conventional oral examination (COE); the examination was then repeated using Microlux/DL device and toluidine blue. Biopsy of suspicious lesions was performed. Also clinicians opinions regarding the two tools were obtained. Results: The sensitivity and, specificity and positive predictive value (PVP) of Microlux/DL for visualization of suspicious premalignant lesions considering COE as a gold standard (i.e screening device) were 94.3%, 99.6% and 96.2% respectively, while they were 100%, 32.4% and 17.9% when considering biopsy as a gold standard. Moreover, Microlux/DL enhanced detection of the lesion and uncovered new lesions compared to COE, whereas it did not alter the provisional clinical diagnosis, or alter the biopsy site. On the other hand, adding toluidine blue dye did not improve the effectiveness of the Microlux/DL system. Conclusions: The Microlux/DL seems to be a promising adjunctive screening device.