• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.173-195
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• 2023

Objectives: To investigate and analyze the assessment indicators and tools used in clinical practice to assess Korean medicine (KM) treatment for infertility, and to establish a basis for assessment tools to diagnose and assess infertility. Methods: Relevant studies published until March 2023 were extracted from Pubmed, Research Information Sharing Service, and National Digital Science Library databases. Results: Sixty-four studies comprising 4,105 patients were included. We investigated pregnancy outcomes, and assessed pregnancy- and childbirth-related factors, overall health, reproductive health, and mental health. Pregnancy result was most common primary outcome. Ongoing pregnancy, stillbirth, miscarriage, and ectopic pregnancy rates were suggested as indicators of pregnancy and childbirth-related assessment. Overall health was most commonly assessed with Likert and Visual analogue scale (VAS). Among reproductive health variables, menstrual history was most frequently assessed. Moreover, indicators such as reproductive function, sexual intercourse, and gynecological disease were assessed. The Infertility Stress Scale and the Fertility Quality of Life tool (FertiQoL) were used to assess mental health. Conclusions: Subjective scales and objective assessment tools, such as the Likert scale and blood tests/ultrasonography, respectively, are used to assess KM infertility treatment. Inconsistent assessment tools make quantitative analyses more challenging. The development of a standardized mental and physical function assessment questionnaire with confirmed reliability and validity ensure the effectiveness of KM infertility treatment, and promote future studies on infertility treatment.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.47-70
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• 1985

This study was presented of the 1,872 cases of infertile couples who visited and examined at the sterility clinic of Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital from Sept., 1980 to Dec., 1983. Age, duration of infertility, past medical history, and other general factors were analyzed, and the factors responsible for infertility were classified and discussed. Mode of treatment, outcome of pregnancy, pregnancy rate responsible for each factor were also presented. The results were as follows: 1) The infertility was primary in 1,128, or 60.3% and secondary in 744, or 39.7%. 2) The age between 26 and 30 years of age comprised about one half of the total patients. 3) The duration of infertility between 1 and 4 years comprised about three quarters of the total patients, and the mean duration was 3.8 years. 4) The most common medical history in primary infertility was tuberculous disease, and that in secondary infertility was history of previous laparotomy. 5) About two thirds of antecedent pregnancies were abortion. 6) The major etiologic factor of infertility were male factor in 12.3%, tubal factor in 38.8%, ovulatory failure in 25.4%, uterine factor in 8.8%, cervical factor in 5.2%, peritoneal factor in 9.5%, and no demonstrable cause in 11.3%. 7) The types of male factor were azoospermia in 61.6%, oligospermia in 25.8%, low motility in 11.6%, and other abnormality in 1.0%. 8) The types of ovulatory failure were ovarian failure in 7.4%, hypothalamo-pituitary failure in 8.1 %, hypothalamo-pituitary dysfunction (including Polycystic ovarian syndrome) in 30.2%, and hyperprolactinemia in 22.4%. 9) The types of uterine factor were endometrial tuberculosis in 27.5%, uterine synechia in 33.8%, uterine anomaly in 19.7%, myoma and polyp in 9.1 %, and luteal phase defect in 9.9%. 10) The types of peritoneal factor were pelvic adhesion in 80.9% and endometriosis in 19.6%. 11) Surgeries were done in 408 patients, and they were salpingolysis, lysis of extraadnexal adhesion, salpingostomy, fimbrioplasty, ovarian wedge resection for polycystic ovarian disease, tubo-tubal anastomosis, and tubo-uterine implantation in orders. 12) 243 pregnancies were achieved during the infertility work-up, of which livebirth was 46.5%, ectopic pregnancy was 7.4%, spontaneous abortion was 7.8%, and on-going pregnancy or lost to follow-up was 36.2%. 13) Pregnancy rates in various factors were male factor in 18.7%, ovulatory factor in 31.7%, tubal factor in 24.2%, uterine factor in 34.6%, cervical factor in 19.0%, peritoneal factor in 29.0%, combined factors in 10.5%, and unexplained infertility in 37.1%. Pregnancy rate in whole patients was 25.2%.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.273-278
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• 2011

This study was performed to compare the status of oral care knowledge, oral care practice, and the patterns of the oral health care utilization before and during the pregnancy. It was conducted on the basis of a survey of 291 pregnant women who were in 9 post-natal care centers for post-natal care after delivery located in Daegu Metropolitan city and Changwon city of Gyeongsangnam-do from April 1st till April 29th on 2010. Forty five percent of them were experienced with the gum bleeding before pregnancy and 55.7% were experienced during pregnancy. The number of average tooth brushing per day was 3.05 times before pregnancy and 2.99 times during pregnancy in the survey. The patients who were experienced in dental health care during pregnancy out of the subjects for study were 51 for 17.5%. The score for the dental health knowledge was 7.82 for 10 grade scale and 5.38 before pregnancy and 5.14 during pregnancy for 10 grade scale in the actual performance scoring for dental care. Pre-dental care, experience in activity restriction due to dental disease, concern about oral health and regular visit to dental clinic were significant associated with use of dental care services during pregnancy.

• The Journal of the Korean life insurance medical association
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.123-132
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• 1984

Among the person who want to insure, there are not only fair persons who want to become the insurance with not realizing that one was not infected with certain disease but also someones on purpose to overcome the disease through the insurance company with be recognized by oneselves. However, it was found that the ultrasonography and exact effects of medical examination with the existing medical equipments of the insurance company could not be expected. We present some several proven examples for the purpose of getting the advanced effects in medical examination by utilizing the ultrasonic device which is not harmful to human body presently as far as known. We could find affirmation through the check of ultrasonography from 907 cases, in our Department of Medical selection that many portion of the cases checked the medical examination have the present condition of illness even though they enjoy social life with good health and finally the conclusions we have learned are as follows; The aged cases show the increase of rate of possessing disease and man shows 2.2 times of possessing disease than woman. Fatty infiltration of liver take portion of 74.7% from the case checked. 12 cases of cholelithiasis are not conscious of symptom at all. Through the check of ultrasonography in obstetrics and gynecology, myoma uteri be showed high rate of 72.2% from the case of possessing disease. In Case of the potential pregnancing woman it made clear to find pregnancy which was undistincted still more also know the existence and nonexistence of fetal death when pregnancy expected.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.3
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• pp.31-40
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• 1993

The objective of this study was examine sick leave rates of hospital employees. The sick leave data of 2,123 employees in three(3) general hospitals located in Seoul during the period from January 1, 1992 to December 31, 1992 was analyzed to achieve the study objective. The sick leave rates were computed in compliance with the standards recommended by the International Association on Occupational Health. Univariate analysis methods($X^2$-test and ANOVA) were used to assess the sourse of variance in the rates. The results were as follows : 1. The total annual rates of sick leave were 4.8% in frequency(persons), 0.23% in lost time, 0.68 days in duration and 14.0 days in severity. 2. The sick leave rates of frequency(person). duration and lost time were significantly higher in female than male, in groups of 40-49 years than in the other age group, the married than the unmarried and in the long employment of 8 years or above than the short employment. But there was no significant difference in the rate of severity. Only the sick leave rate of frequency(person) was significantly related to the educatial status, but there was no significant difference in other analytical factors of sick leave rate. 3. The main causes of sick leave were injury and poisoning(24.3%), and disease of the digestive system, disease of the nervous system and sense organs, and complications of pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium(respectively 11.6%). The severity rate was the highest in neoplasms(32.2 days), and followed by endocrine, nutritional and metabolic disease and immunity disorders, injury and poisoning, and infections and parasitic disease in descending order. 4. The sick leave rates of frequency(person), duration and lost time were the highest in nutritional workers followed by registered nurses. However, severity rate was the highest in doctors and pharmacists and followed by in nutritional works. 5. The main cause of sick leave was complication of pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium in registered nurses(26.3%), injury and poisoning in nutritional workers(78.6%) and disease of respiratory system and digestive system in other workers.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.40 no.7 s.276
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• pp.508-511
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• 2007

The causes of aortic dissection are usually hypertension, connective tissue disease such as Marfan syndrome, congenital valvular abnormality such as bicuspid aortic valve, iatrogenic injury, pregnancy and drugs. Previous studies have shown that 50% of all dissections in women less than 40 years age were associated with pregnancy. Almost all aortic dissections during pregnancy occur during the third trimester or during labor and delivery. Marfan's syndrome is a particularly important predisposing factor for aortic dissection during pregnancy. We report here on a case of surgical treatment for acute type II aortic dissection in a Marfan syndrome patient who was 24 weeks pregnant, and we include a review of literature.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.106-114
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• 2020

Breast metastases of extramammary malignant neoplasms are rare, with an incidence of 0.3%-2.7% among all malignant mammary tumors. Breast metastases from gastric carcinoma are very rare (<0.1%), and this event is even rarer during pregnancy. Herein, we describe a 39-year-old Caucasian woman with a history of an Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma (EBVaGC) that was characterized by prominent tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. Three years after undergoing radical surgery, the patient developed bilateral breast nodules during her pregnancy. A breast biopsy was performed, and histology confirmed a diagnosis of EBVaGC; tumor cells showed positivity for cytokeratin 8/18 and E-cadherin, and negativity for cytokeratin 7, cytokeratin 20, cytokeratin 5/6, caudal type homebox 2, androgen receptor, mammaglobin, gross cystic disease fluid protein-15, and estrogen and progesterone receptors. We also discuss the main diagnostic pitfalls. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an EBVaGC with lymphoid stroma that developed breast metastases during pregnancy.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.150-158
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this analysis was to establish safety and efficacy of using herbal medicine during pregnancy. Methods: We investigated 18 patients of visiting Dongshin university Kwangju Oriental Hospital. from september 1, 2006 to December 31, 2007, who had taken herbal medicine in pregnancy for medical treatment. And we investigated birthhistory, newborn babies's condition, satisfaction of herbal treatment and so on. Results: 15 cases delivered normally, and they had no congenital malformation, 2 patients were pregnant yet, and 1 patient had an abortion. Most newborn babies had on the average height and weight, and were healthy condition. And patients's satisfaction score of herbal treatment was 3.4 point. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that using herbal medicine in pregnancy is safe and effective.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.266-271
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• 2021

Osteoporosis associated with pregnancy and lactation is a rare disease that can cause osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF). Patients usually complain of severe back pain, which is easily mistaken for pain due to pregnancy, childbirth, and lactation, making a rapid diagnosis and treatment difficult. The authors diagnosed OVCF related to pregnancy and lactation through a physical examination, simple radiography, whole-body bone scan, magnetic resonance image, bone marrow density, and blood tests in a 29-year-old female patient and a 31-year-old female patient who presented with low back pain. This paper reports two cases of symptom improvement through a teriparatide injection, wearing thoracic lumbar sacral orthosis and taking calcium and vitamin D with a review of the literature.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.585-598
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• 2011

This study was conducted to examine the trend of national health insurance service use with relation to pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium among pregnant and postpartum women older than 35 over the last decade. A descriptive analysis was conducted, using the data which were drawn from the "nationwide claim database of Korean National Health Insurance Corporation(NHIC)". Data were composed of the total cases related to pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium (International Classification of Disease, $10^{th}$revision [ICD-10] codes O00-O99) from 2001 to 2008. During 2001-2008, the number of pregnant and postpartum women older than 35 had continuously increased and the percentage of them also had increased in both hospital and ambulatory care. There are similar trends in their total use of national health insurance service and total expenditure. According to demographic characteristics, there was the biggest increase of the percentage in residents in large cities, self-employed workers, ones in the highest income level. According to ICD-10 codes, there was the biggest increase of the percentage in O10-O16 (oedema, proteinuria and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium). According to the major prevalent disease, there was the biggest increase of the percentage in O60 (preterm labor and delivery). Throughout the past decade, the necessity has been emphasized of supporting pregnant and postpartum women older than 35. But in maternal and child health care, they are in an early stage of development. The findings of this study would be helpful in developing the support programs for the aged pregnant and postpartum women.