• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.111-125
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• 2020

In the rapidly changing era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the business environment surrounding venture companies is also changing rapidly. In recent years, the government has reorganized the venture verification system, including expanding the types and scope of venture companies. This study analyzes the current status of venture preferential system from the perspective of technology-based start-up companies and in addition, this paper proposes a plan for improving the legal system. For analysis, The relevant provisions were confirmed through a search using "venture" as a keyword in the National Legal Information Center and the Korean Court of General Law. Then, meaningful texts were extracted along with relevant data to secure basic data and analyzed by benefits, by means and by content. As a result of the study, Venture preferential treatment system is focused on 'reduction of burden' by the means of benefits, and on 'financial' and 'production' by benefits. In conclusion, four suggestions for improvement are presented. First, efforts are needed to increase the practical applicability of venture-related clauses. Second, the venture preferential treatment system is mainly focused on mitigating the burden, so efforts are needed to find a balance. Third, the venture preferential treatment system is mainly focused on the 'non-research' field, so the benefits of the 'research' field should be expanded. Finally, efforts to discover and overcome blind spots in the venture preferential system should be supported.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.71-77
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• 2000

A multi-region model for solute transport through saturated soils has been developed to describe preferential flow. The model consists of numerous discrete pore groups, which are characterized by a discrete dispersion coefficient, flow velocity, and porosity . The hydraulic properties for each pore group are derived from a soil's hydraluic conductivity and soil water characteristic functions . Flow in pore group is described by the classical advection-disersion equation (ADE). An implict finite difference scheme was applied to the governing equation that results in a block-tridiagonal system of equations that is very efficient and allows the soil to be divided into any number of pore groups. The numerical technique is derived from methods used to solve coupled equations in fluid dynamics problems and can also be applied to the transport of interacting solutes. The results of the model are compared to the experimental data from published papers. This paper contributes on the characteristics of the method when applied to the parallel porosity model to describe preferential flow of solutes in soil.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.293-300
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• 2006

KIER has been developing a Ru-based preferential oxidation catalysts and a novel fuel processing system to provide hydrogen rich gas to residential PEMFCs system. The catalytic activity of Ru-based catalysts was investigated at different Ru loading amount and different support structure. The obtained result indicated that 2 wt% loaded Ru-based catalyst supported on ${\alpha}-Al_2O_3$ showed high activity in low temperature range and suppressed the methanation reaction. The developed prototype fuel processor showed thermal efficiency of 78% as a HHV basis with methane conversion of 92%. CO concentration below 10 ppm in the produced gas is achieved with separate preferential oxidation unit under the condition of $[O_2]/[CO]=2.0$. The partial load operation have been carried out to test the performance of fuel processor from 40% to 80% load, showing stable methane conversion and CO concentration below 10 ppm. The durability test for the daily start-stop and 8 h operation procedure is under investigation and shows no deterioration of its performance after 50 start-stop cycles. In addition to the system design and development.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.353-358
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• 2013

To develop preferential CO oxidation reaction (PROX) catalyst for small scale hydrogen generation system, supported Pt catalysts have been applied for the target reaction. The supports were systematically changed to optimize supported Pt catalysts. $Pt/Al_2O_3$ catalyst showed the highest CO conversion among the catalysts tested in this study. This is due to easier reducibility, the highest dispersion, and smallest particle diameter of $Pt/Al_2O_3$. It has been found that the catalytic performance of supported Pt catalysts for PROX depends strongly on the reduction property and depends partly on the Pt dispersion of supported Pt catalysts. Thus, $Pt/Al_2O_3$ can be a promising catalyst for PROX for small scale hydrogen generation system.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.271-282
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• 2024

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to examine legal problems in managing special customs clearance companies that were not covered in previous studies, and seek legal solutions. Design/methodology/approach - This study tries to analyze and the Administrative Rules related to special customs clearance and suggest alternatives since the management of the special customs clearance system is mainly carried out through Administrative Rules. Findings - The definition of a consignment carrier under the Customs Act does not reflect the reality, and the subject of registration does not coincide with the Customs Act and Administrative Rules. Article 2 of the Customs Act, the definition of consignments and the subject of registration of consignment forwarders should include international logistics forwarders who "arrange logistics of import and export cargo". In the E-commerce Administrative Rules revised in July 2023, the registration of e-commerce companies subject to special customs clearance, the registration of companies with preferential customs clearance and notification of changes, and the provision of preferential customs clearance can be seen as new legislation beyond the mandate of the Customs Act. Research implications or Originality - It it time to allow recipients and agents to submit customs clearance lists to protects the rights of goods recipients.

• Carbon letters
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.303-307
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• 2008

The studies on integrated operation of fuel cell with fuel processor are very essential prior to its commercialization. In this study, Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) was operated with a fuel processor, which is mainly composed of two parts, methanol steam reforming reaction and preferential oxidation (PROX). In fuel processor, ICI 33-5 (CuO 50%, ZnO 33%, $Al_2O_3$ 8%, BET surface area: $66\;m^2g^{-1}$) catalyst and CuO-$CeO_2$ catalyst were used for methanol steam reforming, preferential oxidation (PROX) respectively. PEMFC was operated by hydrogen fuel generated from fuel processor. The resulting gas from PROX reactor is used to operate PEMFC equipped with our prepared anode and cathode catalyst. PtRu/C catalyst gives more tolerance to CO.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.732-745
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• 2016

This study aims to analyze ordinance in a local government for the improvement of the preferential purchasing system of products manufactured by disabled. So, This study analyze 44 ordinance of a local government. The results of this study were as follows. First, 44 local governments enacted the ordinance(rate was 18.1%). Second, Most of the local governments suggest purpose of ordinance, agency of application, establishment of support plan, request of purchase cooperation, duty of purchase promotion. But there are not suggest other items in many ordinance. In particular, Duty of local government president is specified only 30(rate was 68.1%). Third, The municipal ordinance conflicting with the upper laws and regulation. Forth, The Council for the promotion of the preferntial purchasing system of products made by disabled upgrade to an advisory organization including professor, expert, disabled. Fifth, The sales routes of products need to be extended from the public agency to private companies for Preferential purchasing in affirmative action. In order that the Preferential purchasing system will not be a nominal law, the government should show active willingness about monitoring of local government.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.475-498
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• 2013

The most fundamental reason why FTA Agreement must be concluded is based on the preferential tariff treatment among country parties. In order to get applied by the preferential tariff treatment under an FTA, the parties need to meet the rules of origin and the criteria stipulated under the FTA simultaneously. In addition, Certificate of Origin(C/O) document is required to claim for the preferential treatment under the FTA Agreement. In South Korea, the electronic Certificate of Origin can be issued by the UNI-PASS and FTA-PASS of the Korea Customs Service. The Web Certification System of the Korea Chamber of Commerce & Industry also is established. But the majority cases of requesting the preferential Certificate of Origin are generally performed by the business partners. The settlement and activation of electronic Certificate of Origin are urgently needed to maximize the effects of FTA, First, this paper examines the application situation of electronic Certificate of Origin throughly. Second, the current circumstances related to electronic Certificate Origin are analyzed in the practical and systematic perspectives. Finally, the improvements for activating electronic Certificate of Origin is suggested.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.310-314
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• 2024

The corrosion behavior of high chromium white cast iron was studied in 0.5 mol dm^-3 H₂SO₄ + 0.01 mol dm^-3 HCl solution over time through electrochemical and immersion experiments. Potentiodynamic and potentiostatic polarizations revealed active-passivation transition behavior, with critical current densities observed at -0.27 V_SSE and 0.00 V_SSE, repectively. The former potential showed preferential dissolution of primary γ phases, while the latter one showed preferential dissolution of eutectic γ phases. Immersion tests showed an exponential increase in corrosion rate, with significant acceleration observed around 1000 seconds due to the onset of eutectic γ phase dissolution. Over a 24-hour immersion period, both γ phases exhibited extensive corrosion, leaving carbides largely intact. These findings elucidate distinct corrosion behaviors of high chromium white cast iron in acidic environments, providing critical insights into material performance evaluation. Understanding these mechanisms is essential for predicting the longevity and durability of materials in corrosive conditions, thereby informing better material design and application strategies.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.232-240
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• 1986

Extinction characteristics of the two interacting premixed flames are analyzed for the effects of flame stretch and preferential diffusion using large activation energy asymptotic analysis by adopting counterflow system as a model problem. Results show that the flammable limit of the thermally interacting premixed flames is extended compared to the single flame, and the extinction mechanism is classified into weak and strong interactions. As the lewis number of the deficient species increases, the region of strong interaction diminishes which can explain the different characteristics of the extinction boundaries of the lean (rich) methane/air and butane/air flames. The influence of the flame stretch to the interaction boundaries is also studied.