• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.65-80
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• 2003

The purpose of this research was to survey and compare the status of science preference of elementary school students with that of middle school students. Preference for science was defined theoretically. According to theoretical model, a questionnaire was developed with piloting and consisted of three parts. First part was for background information, second part, for measurement of science preference and third for measurement of the relevant factors of science preference. The questionnaire was modified for primary school students. In July 2002, the questionnaire was administered to one class per grade of randomly selected 8 elementary and 8 middle schools all over the country and analyzed result of collected 696 elementary school students and 819 middle school students. Middle school students' science preference was low compared with elementary school students, especially in 'emotional response and 'valuational comprehension'. The preference for science became lower especially from 4th to 5th grade and from 8th to 9th grade. The differences of mean science preference were significant by gender. perception of science achievement. and future career choice. The average of science preference relevant factors of middle school students also became lower than elementary students, especially in 'educational factor'. Multiple regression analysis on the science preference showed that important factors were personal ability, the personal traits, rewards in school science and contents of school science, slightly different in elementary and secondary school. The way to promote students' preference for science was suggested on the analysis result.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.1010-1029
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• 2002

The purpose of this research was to survey middle school students' preference for science and its causal factors, so as to analyze the causal relationships between them. Preference for science and its causal factors were defined theoretically, and a theoretical model was constructed to measure them and analyze the causal relationship by structural equation modeling. According to the theoretical model and a pilot test, a questionnaire was developed with three parts; the background information of a respondent, the preference for science, and the causal factors of preference. The questionnaire was administered to one class per grade of randomly selected 8 middle schools from 4 areas across the country, and 819 students' data were collected. Preference for science was defined as a state of mind. It revealed to what extent, and how, one likes science. It consisted of 3 categories - 'emotional response', 'behavioral volition', 'valuational comprehension', and each category was divided into two subcategories. Causal factors affecting the preference for science consisted of three categories - personal, educational and social factors, and each was divided into 2 or 3 subcategories. Middle school students' preference for science was middling as a total. Curiosity about contents of science and valuation of science were high, comparatively, but behavioral volition about science was especially low. Students' responses to the causal factors were relatively high in every educational factor and sociocultural valuation of social factors, but relatively low in socioeconomic rewards of social factors, and especially low in personal factors. The causal relationship about the preference for science was investigated by multiple regression analysis and path analysis, using the structural equation model. Multiple regression analysis about the preference for science and its causal factors revealed important factors. The important factors were personal ability, the personal traits, rewards in school science, and contents of school science in order of magnitude of standardized regression coefficient ${\beta}$. Stepwise regression analysis with each of the subcategories of the preference for science as dependent variables showed what factors were important in each subcategory. According to the result of structural equation modeling, personal factors affected 'emotional response' and 'behavioral volition' directly, and social factors affected 'valuational comprehension' directly. Educational factors affected all categories of the preference for science by influencing not only 'emotional response' and 'valuational comprehension' directly, but also 'behavioral volition' indirectly. The way to promote middle school students' preference for science was suggested, based on the analysis result.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.81-96
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to draw up the promoting plan of science preference by survey and analysis of the preference for science of the elementary students. The preference for science is defined theoretically with three categories ; they are emotional response, behavioral response and value establishment. Causal factors of the science preference were composed of individual factor, educational factor and social factor. According to this theoretical model, a questionnaire was developed, and administered to 696 students of 4,5,6 grade of randomly selected eight elementary schools all over the nation. Elementary students liked science, but they didn't want to select their future job in science-technology area. The science preference of boys was higher than that of girls. The science preference of 4th grade students was higher than that of 5th and 6th grade students. Individual factor affected the curiosity. learning interest, subject accomplishment on the science and course selection in life. Educational factor not only directly affected the curiosity. learning interest, value establishment and belief of the science but also indirectly affected the individual factor and social factor. Therefore, educational factor was the most important on the science preference. Social factor only affected the value establishment and belief on the science. Elementary students wanted to team science through experiment and they wanted science to be easier than that of now. On the analysis of result, the promoting plan of the science preference was suggested.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.12
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• pp.1974-1979
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• 2018

Objective: This study compared fatty acid compositions and antioxidant activities of high-preference cuts (loin, tenderloin, and rib) and low-preference cuts (brisket, topside, and shank) of Hanwoo (Bos taurus coreanae) cows to obtain potentially useful information for promoting the consumption of various low-preference cuts. Methods: Individual 500 g samples of fresh beef were collected from each of the six cuts from 10 Hanwoo cows (quality grade 1) and immediately freeze-dried. The dried samples were evaluated for fatty acid composition, free radical scavenging activities (hydroxyl, alkyl, and 2, 2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl [DPPH] radical), and antioxidative enzyme activities (glutathione peroxidase [GPx], glutathione-S-transferase [GST], and superoxide dismutase [SOD]). Results: The percentages of total polyunsaturated fatty acids were significantly higher in low-preference cuts than in high-preference cuts (p<0.05). Hydroxyl, alkyl, and DPPH radical scavenging activities were significantly higher in low-preference cuts than in high-preference cuts (p<0.05). In addition, the activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as GPx, GST, and SOD, were significantly higher in low-preference cuts compared with high-preference cuts (p<0.05). Conclusion: These results may influence consumers to include more low-preference cuts in their selections based on the nutritional facts, which could help to balance the beef market in South Korea.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.216-225
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to find out the differences (if any) and the causes of preferences for science between elementary school boys and girls. Another purpose of this study is to find out when such differences in preference begin and what their causes we. Fourth, fifth and sixth grades from elementary school A in Gyeongg-gi Province participated twice in research surveys on preference levels in science with education, career course and personal experience taken into account. A total of 997 survey responses, (excluding no responses or half-hearted ones) were selected for comparative analysis. The analysis methods used were frequency analysis, cross stabs and one-way ANOVA Analysis which depended on survey items. The results of this study show that preference levels in science are 61.7% and the difference of preference levels in science between boys and girls are 31.2% and 30.5% with boys showing higher percentages in science preference levels than girls(p<.01). Moreover, the results also show that the point in which changes in preference level in science emerges is from fifth and sixth grades. Therefore, the gender difference in preference levels in science begins with fifth grade students, with science being slightly more favored by boys. finally, the main causes in gender differences seems to be the experiment participants' levels, scientific education textbook preference level, interests in science class, and plans for the future that are related to field of science. Among these causes, interests level in science class and preference levels in science are closely related.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.139-147
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• 2003

The main purpose of this study is to obtain forest scenic beauty management informations toward forest working systems in pinus densiflora forest stands, etc. To get these information, visual preference and spatial image analysis methods are used. 25 different alternatives were simulated to visualize on basis of actual forest working methods with taken photos from May to July, 2003. The options were illustrated as photos produced by computer software. Respondents' ratings for 25 landscape scenes were obtained by interview survey method. Each alternatives were evaluated by forest major student group with total 103 respondents after reliability test. Visual preference evaluation was used 10 point rating scale. Spatial images of 12 alternatives were measured by 12 semantic differential scale. In general, the respondents preferred refreshing and ordering forest stand after forest working to natural forest stand before forest working. High visual preference for forest density produces 400-600 trees/ha in small diameter class forest stands. Regarding visual preference according to pavement type of trail, soil trail is ranked high. Visual preference for cutting area ranks mature forest stand and visual preference for trail slope cover type ranks shrub with grass as relatively high on the preference scale. Through the factor analysis, spatial images of 12 coniferous forest stands are classified as 'ordered opened' and 'beautiful healthy'. Results indicate how to conduct forest working systems for forest scenic beauty management.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.163-171
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to evaluation of science curriculum by the cognitive preference construct, the instrument of emotional domain. The effects of students' variables on the cognitive preference were also examined. Samples of 216 boys and 166 girls for this study were selected from the secondary school students. he data were analyzed by ANOVA, Pearson correlation, factor analysis, etc. The results of this study are as follows: (1) The students prefer the Principles of science than any other kind of cognitive preference. (2) Sex has influence on the tendency of students' cognitive preference among the studnets' variables. (3) It is not significantly different the tendency of student's cognitive preference according to IQ among the studnets' variables. (4) Most of the students avoid Critical Questions and Applications of cognitive preference in spite of the difference of sex, grade, and department of the students.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.172-184
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• 2010

This study is to investigate the problem solving styles according to the left /right brain preference among earth science gifted students. We took the R/LCT and the test of BPI to investigate the brain preference of earth science gifted students (N=16), and took S-CPST to investigate the problem solving styles on them. In the R/LCT, the earth science gifted students were classified into 3 groups (8 left-brain preference students, 7 right-brain preference students, 1 middle-brain preference student). In the BPI, 8 students had the appearance of left-brain preference, whereas 8 students had the appearance of right-brain preference. According to the result of S-CPST, first the left brain preference students tended to resolve a problem into simple components, then they put together each simple component. They prefer to solve a problem using numbers and mathematical signs logically, but they were afraid of giving trouble to describe own idea with pictures. Whereas the right brain preference students solved a problem with 3 steps. First, they saw an overall form of problem. Second, they tried to analyze each simple component of it, and then, made up all in one. Also, the right brain preference students observed the intuitive pattern of problem first, and then suggested the various problem solving methods later, and they took a solving plan using a picture in detail. In sum, earth science gifted students are unequal in problem solving styles according to the left/right brain preference. Thus, a teaching-learning method needs to be developed based on left/right brain preference for more effective gifted education.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.53-63
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the preference of plant environmental images for flower plant consumption. This study came up with a total of four treatments including one image without plants and three images with flower plants (three roses, rose gift, rose garden). We conducted a survey on 104 men and women through the Google (online) survey and analyzed the data. The preference was higher with statistical significance for environmental images with plants than the image without plants. The preference for environmental images of roses was highest in the order of rose gift > rose garden > three roses. As a result of the cross-tabulation analysis, it was found that there was a significant difference in the preference for environmental images of roses according to general characteristics such as educational background and residence type. In terms of educational background, 2-year college graduates showed higher preference for the three environmental images of roses with statistical significance compared to high school graduates, university graduates and masters or higher. As a result of determining the difference in preference according to residential types, residents of multiplex houses showed higher preference for the "rose garden" environment image than residents of detached houses (p < .05). As a result of examining stress and depression in everyday life, 48.1% (the highest) of the respondents answered that they were "under daily stress" and 48.1% (the highest) of the respondents claimed not to be "under much depression". This study investigated the difference in preference according to demographic characteristics and existence of plants, preference in environmental images using roses, correlation with daily stress and depression, and utility of publicity using photographic images of plants.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.238-245
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• 2012

This study investigated the preference and intake frequency of a list of 15 commonly available high sodium Malaysian foods/dishes, dis cretionary salt use, and their possible association with demographics, blood pressures and anthropometric measurements among 300 Malaysian university students (114 males, 186 females; 259 ethnic Chinese, 41 Indians; 220 lean, 80 overweight). French fries and instant soup noodle were found to be the most preferred and most frequently consumed salty food, respectively, while salted fish was least preferred and least frequently consumed. Males had a significantly higher intake frequency of at least 6 of the salty foods, but the preference of most salty foods was not significantly different between genders. Ethnic Chinese significantly preferred more and took more frequently traditional and conventional Malaysian foods like asam laksa (a Malaysian salty-sour-spicy noodle in fish stock), salted biscuits and salted vegetable, while Indians have more affinity and frequency towards eating salty Western foods. Body Mass Index was significantly negatively correlated with the intake frequency of canned/packet soup and salted fish while waist circumference was significantly positively correlated with the preference of instant noodle. Also, an increased preference of potato chips and intake frequency of salted biscuits seemed to lead to a decreased WHR. Other than these, all the other overweight/obesity indicators did not seem to fully correlate with the salty food preference and intake frequency. Nevertheless, the preference and intake frequency of asam laksa seemed to be significant negative predictors for blood pressures. Finally, increased preference and intake frequency of high sodium shrimp paste (belacan)-based foods like asam laksa and belacan fried rice seemed to discourage discretionary salt use. In conclusion, the preference and intake frequency of the high sodium belacan-based dish asam laksa seems to be a good predictor for ethnic difference, discretionary salt use and blood pressures.