• 제목/요약/키워드: Preference Data

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비정형 데이터 마이닝을 활용한 한국농수산대학 재학생의 학교생활 감성 분석(1) (An Analysis of School Life Sensibility of Students at Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries Using Unstructured Data Mining(1))

  • 주진수;이소영;김종숙;송천영;신용광;박노복
    • 현장농수산연구지
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    • 제21권1호
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    • pp.99-114
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    • 2019
  • 본 논문은 빅 데이터 분석기법을 이용하여 한국농수산대학 학생들의 대학생활 요소에 대한 선호도를 연구하기 위하여 비정형 데이터 분석기법으로서 감성 분석(opinion mining) 기법과 텍스트 마이닝 기법을 활용하였다. 분석도구로는 RStudio를 이용하였으며, 긍정과 부정의 감성을 분류하고 선호도를 평가하기 위한 긍정어 사전과 부정어 사전을 새롭게 작성하여 프로그래밍하였다. 비정형 텍스트에 대한 분석 결과는 도표와 워드 클라우드를 이용한 시각화 자료로 나타내어 정보를 추출하였다. 학교생활 요소로는 '나의 현재', '10년 후 모습', '교우관계', '한농제(대학 축제)', '후생관(식사)', '청학관(기숙사)', '한농대', '장기현장실습' 등 학생들에게 밀접한 8가지 주제를 대상으로 하였다. 분석 결과 한농대 학생들은 '후생관 식사'과 ' 교우관계'의 주제에 대해서 85% 이상의 긍정적 감성을 나타냈으나 '장기현장실습'과 '청학관(기숙사)'에 대해서는 긍정적 감성이 60%를 넘지 않는 만족도를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 '나의 현재', '10년 후 모습', '한농제(대학 축제)' 및 'KNCAF' 등의 주제에 대해서는 69.3~74.2% 정도의 긍정적 감성을 나타냈다. 남녀 학생별 차이를 보면 '나의 현재', '10년 후 모습', '교우관계', '청학과(기숙사)' 및 '장기현장실습' 주제에서는 남학생의 긍정적 감성이 높게 나타났으며, '한농제(대학 축제)', '후생관' 및 '한농대' 주제에서는 여학생의 긍정적 감성이 높게 나타났다. 전공별 특징을 살펴보면 학생들은 '현재'나 '10년 후'의 자신의 모습에 대하여 71% 이상 긍정적 자신감을 지니고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 축산계열 학생들의 긍정적 감성이 높게 나타났으며, 화훼학과 학생들은 다른 전공의 학생들에 비하여 긍정적 감성이 낮게 나타나 자신감이 부족한 결과를 보였다. '교우관계'에 대해서는 화훼학과를 제외하고 80% 이상의 긍정적 감성을 나타냈으며, 중소가축학과 학생들은 93%를 초과하는 적극적인 교우관계를 맺고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 대학 축제인 '한농제'에 대하여 전체 학생들의 긍정적 감성은 약 70% 정도이나 과수학과와 수산양식학과 학생들의 호감도는 60% 미만으로 축제에 대한 부정적 이미지가 높게 나타났다. '후생관 식사'에 대한 전체 학생들의 긍정적 감성은 85%를 넘어 매우 높은 만족도를 나타냈으나 수산양식학과 학생(남학생)들의 만족도는 매우 낮게 나타났다. 모든 학생들이 공동생활을 하는 '청학관'에 대한 학생들의 호감도는 59.5%로 낮게 나타났으며, 과수학과와 수산양식학과 학생들의 만족도는 약 42% 미만으로 더욱 부정적인 감성을 나타냈다. 또한 자신들이 3년간 학업을 재학한 한농대에 대해서는 74% 이상이 긍정적인 평가를 하는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 학생들의 호감도가 가장 낮게 나타난 장기현장실습에 대한 화훼학과, 채소학과, 중소가축학과 학생들의 호감도는 50%를 넘지 않는 매우 부정적 감성을 나타냈다. 빅 데이터 분석 결과를 쉽게 이해할 수 있도록 시각적으로 표현하기 위하여 텍스트 마이닝 기법으로 구조화되지 않은 텍스트에서 주요 단어를 긍정어와 부정어로 나누어 추출하고 그 단어들의 word cloud를 작성하여 학생들의 감성을 시각화하였다. 한농대는 학생들에게 지금보다 더욱 긍정적인 감성을 가지고 밝고 환한 말, 힘이 되고 용기를 주는 말, 사람을 기쁘게 하는 말을 많이 할 수 있도록 여건을 제공함으로써 학생들은 삶의 활기가 넘치고 성공적인 인생을 살아가는 행복을 만들 수 있으리라 여겨진다.

병원 간호사의 선호근무시간대에 관한 연구 (A Study on Hoslital Nurses' Preferred Duty Shift and Duty Hours)

  • 이경식;정금희
    • 대한간호
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    • 제36권1호
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    • pp.77-96
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    • 1997
  • The duty shifts of hospital nurses not only affect nurses' physical and mental health but also present various personnel management problems which often result in high turnover rates. In this context a study was carried out from October to November 1995 for a period of two months to find out the status of hospital nurses' duty shift patterns, and preferred duty hours and fixed duty shifts. The study population was 867 RNs working in five general hospitals located in Seoul and its vicinity. The questionnaire developed by the writer was used for data collection. The response rate was 85.9 percent or 745 returns. The SAS program was used for data analysis with the computation of frequencies, percentages and Chi square test. The findings of the study are as follows: 1. General characteristics of the study population: 56 percent of respondents was (25 years group and 76.5 percent were "single": the predominant proportion of respondents was junior nursing college graduates(92.2%) and have less than 5 years nursing experience in hospitals(65.5%). For their future working plan in nursing profession, nearly 50% responded as uncertain The reasons given for their career plan was predominantly 'personal growth and development' rather than financial reasons. 2. The interval for rotations of duty stations was found to be mostly irregular(56.4%) while others reported as weekly(16.1%), monthly(12.9%), and fixed terms(4.6%). 3. The main problems related to duty shifts particularly the evening and night duty nurses reported were "not enough time for the family, " "afraid of security problems after the work when returning home late at night." and "lack of leisure time". "problems in physical and physiological adjustment." "problems in family life." "lack of time for interactions with fellow nurses" etc. 4. The forty percent of respondents reported to have '1-2 times' of duty shift rotations while all others reported that '0 time'. '2-3 times'. 'more than 3 times' etc. which suggest the irregularity in duty shift rotations. 5. The majority(62.8%) of study population found to favor the rotating system of duty stations. The reasons for favoring the rotation system were: the opportunity for "learning new things and personal development." "better human relations are possible. "better understanding in various duty stations." "changes in monotonous routine job" etc. The proportion of those disfavor the rotating 'system was 34.7 percent. giving the reasons of"it impedes development of specialization." "poor job performances." "stress factors" etc. Furthermore. respondents made the following comments in relation to the rotation of duty stations: the nurses should be given the opportunity to participate in the. decision making process: personal interest and aptitudes should be considered: regular intervals for the rotations or it should be planned in advance. etc. 6. For the future career plan. the older. married group with longer nursing experiences appeared to think the nursing as their lifetime career more likely than the younger. single group with shorter nursing experiences ($x^2=61.19.{\;}p=.000;{\;}x^2=41.55.{\;}p=.000$). The reason given for their future career plan regardless of length of future service, was predominantly "personal growth and development" rather than financial reasons. For further analysis, the group those with the shorter career plan appeared to claim "financial reasons" for their future career more readily than the group who consider the nursing job as their lifetime career$(x^2$= 11.73, p=.003) did. This finding suggests the need for careful .considerations in personnel management of nursing administration particularly when dealing with the nurses' career development. The majority of respondents preferred the fixed day shift. However, further analysis of those preferred evening shift by age and civil status, "< 25 years group"(15.1%) and "single group"(13.2) were more likely to favor the fixed evening shift than > 25 years(6.4%) and married(4.8%)groups. This differences were statistically significant ($x^2=14.54, {\;}p=.000;{\;}x^2=8.75, {\;}p=.003$). 7. A great majority of respondents(86.9% or n=647) found to prefer the day shifts. When the four different types of duty shifts(Types A. B. C, D) were presented, 55.0 percent of total respondents preferred the A type or the existing one followed by D type(22.7%). B type(12.4%) and C type(8.2%). 8. When the condition of monetary incentives for the evening(20% of salary) and night shifts(40% of. salary) of the existing duty type was presented. again the day shift appeared to be the most preferred one although the rate was slightly lower(66.4% against 86.9%). In the case of evening shift, with the same incentive, the preference rates for evening and night shifts increased from 11.0 to 22.4 percent and from 0.5 to 3.0 percent respectively. When the age variable was controlled. < 25 yrs group showed higher rates(31.6%. 4.8%) than those of > 25 yrs group(15.5%. 1.3%) respectively preferring the evening and night shifts(p=.000). The civil status also seemed to operate on the preferences of the duty shifts as the single group showed lower rate(69.0%) for day duty against 83. 6% of the married group. and higher rates for evening and night duties(27.2%. 15.1%) respectively against those of the married group(3.8%. 1.8%) while a higher proportion of the married group(83. 6%) preferred the day duties than the single group(69.0%). These differences were found to be statistically all significant(p=.001). 9. The findings on preferences of three different types of fixed duty hours namely, B, C. and D(with additional monetary incentives) are as follows in order of preference: B type(12hrs a day, 3days a wk): day shift(64.1%), evening shift(26.1%). night shift(6.5%) C type(12hrs a day. 4days a wk) : evening shift(49.2%). day shift(32.8%), night shift(11.5%) D type(10hrs a day. 4days a wk): showed the similar trend as B type. The findings of higher preferences on the evening and night duties when the incentives are given. as shown above, suggest the need for the introductions of different patterns of duty hours and incentive measures in order to overcome the difficulties in rostering the nursing duties. However, the interpretation of the above data, particularly the C type, needs cautions as the total number of respondents is very small(n=61). It requires further in-depth study. In conclusion. it seemed to suggest that the patterns of nurses duty hours and shifts in the most hospitals in the country have neither been tried for different duty types nor been flexible. The stereotype rostering system of three shifts and insensitiveness for personal life aspect of nurses seemed to be prevailing. This study seems to support that irregular and frequent rotations of duty shifts may be contributing factors for most nurses' maladjustment problems in physical and mental health. personal and family life which eventually may result in high turnover rates. In order to overcome the increasing problems in personnel management of hospital nurses particularly in rostering of evening and night duty shifts, which may related to eventual high turnover rates, the findings of this study strongly suggest the need for an introduction of new rostering systems including fixed duties and appropriate incentive measures for evenings and nights which the most nurses want to avoid, In considering the nursing care of inpatients is the round-the clock business. the practice of the nursing duty shift system is inevitable. In this context, based on the findings of this study. the following are recommended: 1. The further in-depth studies on duty shifts and hours need to be undertaken for the development of appropriate and effective rostering systems for hospital nurses. 2. An introduction of appropriate incentive measures for evening and night duty shifts along with organizational considerations such as the trials for preferred duty time bands, duty hours, and fixed duty shifts should be considered if good quality of care for the patients be maintained for the round the clock. This may require an initiation of systematic research and development activities in the field of hospital nursing administration as a part of permanent system in the hospital. 3. Planned and regular intervals, orientation and training, and professional and personal growth should be considered for the rotation of different duty stations or units. 4. In considering the higher degree of preferences in the duty type of "10hours a day, 4days a week" shown in this study, it would be worthwhile to undertake the R&D type studies in large hospital settings.

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지속적 관여도 및 인지된 위험이 소비자의 온라인 상인선택 프로세스에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구: 요구신뢰 수준 개념을 중심으로 (How Enduring Product Involvement and Perceived Risk Affect Consumers' Online Merchant Selection Process: The 'Required Trust Level' Perspective)

  • 홍일유;이정민;조휘형
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • 제22권1호
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    • pp.29-52
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    • 2012
  • Consumers differ in the way they make a purchase. An audio mania would willingly make a bold, yet serious, decision to buy a top-of-the-line home theater system, while he is not interested in replacing his two-decade-old shabby car. On the contrary, an automobile enthusiast wouldn't mind spending forty thousand dollars to buy a new Jaguar convertible, yet cares little about his junky component system. It is product involvement that helps us explain such differences among individuals in the purchase style. Product involvement refers to the extent to which a product is perceived to be important to a consumer (Zaichkowsky, 2001). Product involvement is an important factor that strongly influences consumer's purchase decision-making process, and thus has been of prime interest to consumer behavior researchers. Furthermore, researchers found that involvement is closely related to perceived risk (Dholakia, 2001). While abundant research exists addressing how product involvement relates to overall perceived risk, little attention has been paid to the relationship between involvement and different types of perceived risk in an electronic commerce setting. Given that perceived risk can be a substantial barrier to the online purchase (Jarvenpaa, 2000), research addressing such an issue will offer useful implications on what specific types of perceived risk an online firm should focus on mitigating if it is to increase sales to a fullest potential. Meanwhile, past research has focused on such consumer responses as information search and dissemination as a consequence of involvement, neglecting other behavioral responses like online merchant selection. For one example, will a consumer seriously considering the purchase of a pricey Guzzi bag perceive a great degree of risk associated with online buying and therefore choose to buy it from a digital storefront rather than from an online marketplace to mitigate risk? Will a consumer require greater trust on the part of the online merchant when the perceived risk of online buying is rather high? We intend to find answers to these research questions through an empirical study. This paper explores the impact of enduring product involvement and perceived risks on required trust level, and further on online merchant choice. For the purpose of the research, five types or components of perceived risk are taken into consideration, including financial, performance, delivery, psychological, and social risks. A research model has been built around the constructs under consideration, and 12 hypotheses have been developed based on the research model to examine the relationships between enduring involvement and five components of perceived risk, between five components of perceived risk and required trust level, between enduring involvement and required trust level, and finally between required trust level and preference toward an e-tailer. To attain our research objectives, we conducted an empirical analysis consisting of two phases of data collection: a pilot test and main survey. The pilot test was conducted using 25 college students to ensure that the questionnaire items are clear and straightforward. Then the main survey was conducted using 295 college students at a major university for nine days between December 13, 2010 and December 21, 2010. The measures employed to test the model included eight constructs: (1) enduring involvement, (2) financial risk, (3) performance risk, (4) delivery risk, (5) psychological risk, (6) social risk, (7) required trust level, (8) preference toward an e-tailer. The statistical package, SPSS 17.0, was used to test the internal consistency among the items within the individual measures. Based on the Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficients of the individual measure, the reliability of all the variables is supported. Meanwhile, the Amos 18.0 package was employed to perform a confirmatory factor analysis designed to assess the unidimensionality of the measures. The goodness of fit for the measurement model was satisfied. Unidimensionality was tested using convergent, discriminant, and nomological validity. The statistical evidences proved that the three types of validity were all satisfied. Now the structured equation modeling technique was used to analyze the individual paths along the relationships among the research constructs. The results indicated that enduring involvement has significant positive relationships with all the five components of perceived risk, while only performance risk is significantly related to trust level required by consumers for purchase. It can be inferred from the findings that product performance problems are mostly likely to occur when a merchant behaves in an opportunistic manner. Positive relationships were also found between involvement and required trust level and between required trust level and online merchant choice. Enduring involvement is concerned with the pleasure a consumer derives from a product class and/or with the desire for knowledge for the product class, and thus is likely to motivate the consumer to look for ways of mitigating perceived risk by requiring a higher level of trust on the part of the online merchant. Likewise, a consumer requiring a high level of trust on the merchant will choose a digital storefront rather than an e-marketplace, since a digital storefront is believed to be trustworthier than an e-marketplace, as it fulfills orders by itself rather than acting as an intermediary. The findings of the present research provide both academic and practical implications. The first academic implication is that enduring product involvement is a strong motivator of consumer responses, especially the selection of a merchant, in the context of electronic shopping. Secondly, academicians are advised to pay attention to the finding that an individual component or type of perceived risk can be used as an important research construct, since it would allow one to pinpoint the specific types of risk that are influenced by antecedents or that influence consequents. Meanwhile, our research provides implications useful for online merchants (both online storefronts and e-marketplaces). Merchants may develop strategies to attract consumers by managing perceived performance risk involved in purchase decisions, since it was found to have significant positive relationship with the level of trust required by a consumer on the part of the merchant. One way to manage performance risk would be to thoroughly examine the product before shipping to ensure that it has no deficiencies or flaws. Secondly, digital storefronts are advised to focus on symbolic goods (e.g., cars, cell phones, fashion outfits, and handbags) in which consumers are relatively more involved than others, whereas e- marketplaces should put their emphasis on non-symbolic goods (e.g., drinks, books, MP3 players, and bike accessories).

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온라인 리뷰의 감성과 독해 용이성이 리뷰 유용성에 미치는 영향: 가산형 리뷰 유용성 정보 활용 (The Effects of Sentiment and Readability on Useful Votes for Customer Reviews with Count Type Review Usefulness Index)

  • 루스 안젤리 크루즈;이홍주
    • 지능정보연구
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    • 제22권1호
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    • pp.43-61
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    • 2016
  • 온라인 쇼핑몰의 상품에 대한 고객 리뷰는 구매자들의 구매 의사결정에 영향을 미치고 있으며 중요한 구전효과의 원천과 의사결정의 정보 원천의 역할을 하고 있다. 한 제품에 대한 리뷰가 무척 많기에 온라인 쇼핑몰들은 고객 리뷰 평가 방안을 도입하였고, 이를 통해 고객들에게 유용하리라고 판단되는 리뷰들을 걸러서 보여주거나 강조할 수 있게 되었다. 리뷰 평가 방안은 해당 리뷰가 도움이 되었는지 혹은 도움이 되지 않았는 지를 리뷰를 읽은 고객이 평가하게 하는 방안이다. Amazon.com은 고객 평가를 바탕으로 총 투표 수 중에서 유용하다는 투표 수의 비율을 리뷰 유용성 지표로 삼고 있으며, Yelp.com은 유용하다는 투표 수 자체를 유용성 지표로 삼고 있다. 본 연구는 고객 리뷰의 감성과 독해 용이성이 리뷰의 유용성에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 한다. Amazon.com의 고객 리뷰 자료를 활용하여 비율형 유용성 지표를 종속변수로 하는 유사한 연구들이 수행되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 Yelp.com의 리뷰 자료를 활용하여 가산형 리뷰 유용성 지표인 경우에도 동일한 효과가 존재하는지를 검토하고자 한다. Yelp.com의 음료와 음식 카테고리에 해당하는 업종에 대한 리뷰를 자료로 활용하였으며, 점포의 명성과 인기도 데이터를 파악할 수 있는 170,294개의 리뷰를 분석에 활용하였다. 분석결과는 리뷰의 긍정 정도는 유용 투표수를 늘리는데 음의 영향을 미쳤다. 평가가 긍정적인 리뷰에서는 음의 영향관계가 유의 하였으나, 평가가 부정적인 리뷰에서는 리뷰의 긍정 정도가 유용 투표 수에 미치는 영향은 유의하지 않았다. 독해 용이성은 리뷰가 읽기 어려울 수록 높은 값을 갖으며, 독해의 어려운 정도는 유용 투표수 획득에 음의 영향을 미쳤다. 독해 용이성은 긍정 리뷰, 부정 리뷰 관계없이 모두 음의 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 이 결과는 유용 투표수가 0인 리뷰를 포함하여 영과잉 음이항 회귀분석을 수행한 경우와 유용 투표수가 0인 리뷰를 제외하고 음이항 회귀분석을 수행한 경우 모두 동일하게 파악되었다.

지역사회 주민의 한약복용에 대한 의식 조사 연구 (A Study of Community Residents' Consciousness of Taking Herb Medicine)

  • 김성진;남철현;강영우;서호석;전봉천;장영진
    • 대한예방한의학회지
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    • 제6권1호
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    • pp.15-35
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    • 2002
  • This study was conducted to provide basic data for policy of Oriental medicine by analyzing community resident's consciousness of taking herb medicine and its related factors. Data were collected from 1478 residents from March 2, 2001 to May 31, 2001. The results of this study are summarized as follows. 1) The rate of experience of taking herb medicine was 85.2%(88.2% of 'male'; 82.5% of 'female'). It appeared to be significantly higher in the groups of 'the married', 'housewife', and 'Buddhist'. As the age increased, so the rate of experience of taking herb medicine was significantly high. 2) In case of purpose of taking herb medicine, taking herb medicine as a restorative(66.8%) was much higher than taking it as a curative medicine. 3) 52.1% of the respondents satisfied with the effect of herb medicine. The groups of 'male', 'older age', 'residents in a big city', 'insurant in company', and 'the employed' showed significantly high rate in satisfying with herb medicine than the other groups. 4) According to the reason for preferring herb medicine, 36.7% of the respondents preferred herb medicine because the herb medicine was effective, while 27.8% preferred it because its side effect was low. 16.7% preferred it because persons around them recommended it. 5) 42.6% of the respondents did not want to take the herb medicine because the price of the herb medicine was high. Also 20.6% of the respondents did not want to take herb medicine because it is uneasy to take herb medicine. 15.8% did not want to take it because certain food should not be taken during the period of taking it. 9.4% did not want to take it because it tasted bitter. 6) In case of opinions on side effects of herb medicine, 40.8% of the respondents thinks that herb medicine is free from side effects, while 37.5% thinks that it causes side effects. There were significant difference in the opinions on side effects by sex, age, marital status, resident area, education level, occupation, and type of health insurance. 7) 60.7% of the respondents thinks the price of herb medicine is not resonable, while only 10.9% thinks it is resonable. 8) 45.2% of the respondents uses packs of decocted herbs although they think the packs of decocted herb are a little low effective because decocting herbs in home is bothersome. 45.2% uses packs of decocted herbs because they are convenient, being not related to the effect. 7.6% takes medicinal herbs after decocting them in a clay pot because they think the packs of decocted herbs have low effect. 51.9% does not know whether taking herb medicine in summer is effective or not because the effect is different according to their physical constitutions. 35.5% thinks that taking herb medicine is summer is effective because their physical stamina is weakened after sweated a lot, while 12.6% thinks that it is not effective because the effect of herb medicine disappears with sweat. 9) According to the level of satisfaction with Oriental medical care, the respondents marked $3.47{\pm}0.64$ points on the base of 5 points. It was significantly higher in the groups of 'male', 'the married, resident in a big city', 'highschool graduate', 'the unemployed', 'office clerk', 'growing up in a big city', 'insurant in region', and 'the middle class'. 10) According to the result of a regression analysis of factors influencing preference for herb medicine, the factors displayed significant difference by sex, age, education level, health status, and times of receiving Oriental medical care. As shown in the above results, the community residents satisfy with the effect of herb medicine. Therefore, the method of taking herb medicine without difficulty must be devised. The medicinal herbs in packages need to be included in health insurance coverage and resonable price of herb medicine must be set. Also, education program for community residents must be developed in order to provide right information in herb medicine. Therefore, related public authority, associations, and professionals must make efforts, forming organic cooperative system.

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사용자 리뷰 마이닝을 결합한 협업 필터링 시스템: 스마트폰 앱 추천에의 응용 (A Collaborative Filtering System Combined with Users' Review Mining : Application to the Recommendation of Smartphone Apps)

  • 전병국;안현철
    • 지능정보연구
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    • 제21권2호
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    • pp.1-18
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    • 2015
  • 협업 필터링은 학계나 산업계에서 우수한 성능으로 인해 많이 사용되는 추천기법이지만, 정량적 정보인 사용자들의 평가점수에만 국한하여 추천결과를 생성하므로 간혹 정확도가 떨어지는 문제가 발생한다. 이에 새로운 정보를 추가로 고려하여, 협업 필터링의 성능을 개선하려는 연구들이 지금까지 다양하게 시도되어 왔다. 본 연구는 최근 Web 2.0 시대의 도래로 인해 사용자들이 구입한 상품에 대한 솔직한 의견을 인터넷 상에 자유롭게 표현한다는 점에 착안하여, 사용자가 직접 작성한 리뷰를 참고하여 협업 필터링의 성능을 개선하는 새로운 추천 알고리즘을 제안하고, 이를 스마트폰 앱 추천 시스템에 적용하였다. 정성 정보인 사용자 리뷰를 정량화하기 위해 본 연구에서는 텍스트 마이닝을 활용하였다. 구체적으로 본 연구의 추천시스템은 사용자간 유사도를 산출할 때, 사용자 리뷰의 유사도를 추가로 반영하여 보다 정밀하게 사용자간 유사도를 산출할 수 있도록 하였다. 이 때, 사용자 리뷰의 유사도를 산출하는 접근법으로 중복 사용된 색인어의 빈도로 산출하는 방안과 TF-IDF(Term Frequency - Inverse Document Frequency) 가중치 합으로 산출하는 2가지 방안을 제시한 뒤 그 성능을 비교해 보았다. 실험결과, 제안 알고리즘을 통한 추천, 즉 사용자 리뷰의 유사도를 추가로 반영하는 알고리즘이 평점만을 고려하는 전통적인 협업 필터링과 비교해 더 우수한 예측정확도를 나타냄을 확인할 수 있었다. 아울러, 중복 사용 단어의 TF-IDF 가중치의 합을 고려했을 때, 단순히 중복 사용 단어의 빈도만을 고려했을 때 보다 조금 더 나은 예측정확도를 얻을 수 있음도 함께 확인할 수 있었다.

영유아 응급처치 교육에서의 동영상 활용 사례기반학습의 효과 (The Influence of Case-Based Learning using video In Emergency care of infant and toddlers)

  • 조혜영;강경아
    • 한국산학기술학회논문지
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    • 제17권12호
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    • pp.292-300
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    • 2016
  • 본 연구는 보건계열 대학생을 대상으로 영유아 응급처치에서 동영상을 활용한 사례기반학습을 제공한 실험군과 전통적인 이론학습을 제공한 대조군과의 학습효과 차이를 비교함으로써 동영상을 활용한 사례기반학습의 효과를 평가하는데 그 목적이 있다. 연구 참여자는 J시에 위치한 D대학교에 재학하는 57명의 보건계열 학생들로서 실험군과 대조군으로 각각 29명과 28명으로 나뉘어 구성되었다. 본 연구는 비동등성 대조군 전후시차 설계에 의한 유사 실험연구로 실험군에게는 동영상을 활용한 사례기반학습을 실시하였고, 대조군에게는 전통적인 강의식 교육을 실시하였다. 동영상을 활용한 사례기반 학습은 1주일에 1회씩 3회를 실시하였으며 회당 180분이 소요되었다. 교육 전,후로 연구 참여자를 대상으로 영유아 응급처치 지식과 술기자신감, 학업적 자기효능감 및 문제해결능력을 조사하였다. 연구의 자료수집과 중재는 2014년 11월에서 12월까지 이루어졌다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 20.0 Program을 사용하였으며 paired t-test, unpaired t-test, $x^2-test$로 분석하였다. 연구결과, 술기자신감에서 실험군이 대조군에 비해 통계적으로 유의하게 향상되었다(p<001). 또한 학업적 자기효능감의 하부영역 중 과제난이도 조절에서 실험군이 대조군에 비해 통계적으로 유의하게 향상되었다(p=.029). 문제해결능력의 하부영역 중 접근회피양식(p=.001)과 문제해결자신감(p=.040)에서 실험군이 대조군에 비해 통계적으로 유의하게 향상되었다. 본 연구결과를 통해 동영상을 활용한 사례기반학습은 간호보건계열 대학생의 전문역량 강화를 위한 효과적인 학습법임을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 다양한 교육 콘텐츠를 활용한 사례기반학습이 개발되고 확대 적용되며, 학습효과에 대한 반복연구가 이루어지길 제언한다.

소비자의 라이프스타일에 따른 서비스품질 지각 차이에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Consumer's Service Quality Perception Based on the Types of Life-style)

  • 박윤서;이승인;최인
    • 마케팅과학연구
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    • 제19권2호
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    • pp.53-67
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    • 2009
  • For the last decades, service quality has been studied as one of the most important tools for a service company to compete with the other companies. Based on these past researches, it has been agreed that the service quality is a basic and powerful tool to create the competitive advantage. Due to similar reason, many service marketing practitioners have been also focused on the service quality to retain the existing consumers and collect the new consumers. However, service quality is subjectively perceived by individual consumers. Consumer evaluation of service quality can be different from each other. Especially consumers with one life-style may evaluate the service quality differently from the consumers with the other life-styles. Therefore we need to know whether there are differences in service quality perception on the categories of life-style. Life-style refers to a distinctive mode of living in its aggregate and broadest sense. It embodies the patterns that were developed and emerged from the dynamics of living in a society. Since the concept of life-style and its relationship to marketing was introduced in 1963 by William Lazer, methods of measuring the life-style and their application have been developed. Life-style has been usually used to segment the marketplace because it offers marketers a unique and important view of the market. When Life-style is combined with clustering methods, life-style segmentation can generate identifiable whole persons rather than isolated fragment. Life-style segmentation begins with people instead of products and classifies them into different life-style types, each characterized by a unique style of living based on a wide range of activities, interests, and opinions(Plummer, 1974). In this study we applies the life-style segmentation based on the AIO(Activities, Interests, and Opinions) to the consumers of the large discount stores. In Korea, the large discount store market has entered into maturity stage so that the market differentiation strategy is becoming a more critical issue to the marketing practitioners. One of the most important tools to differentiate from the competitors in large discount store market is continuously to provide service of better quality than competitors. This study tries to find answers about the following questions: 1) How can we categorize the consumer life-styles in the large discount store? 2) What are the characteristics of the categorized groups? 3) Are there any differences in service quality perception among the consumers with different life-styles 4) Are there any differences in consumer behavior among them in the large discount store? For the purpose, we collected survey data from consumers and analyzed the data with the SPSS package where we had $X^2$-test, factor analysis, ANOVA, MANOVA, and cluster analysis. The survey was made during one month in the April of 2008. Among the collected 306 copies of questionnaires, 281 copies were chosen as the effective samples for empirical analysis except 25 copies with wrong responses. To identify the life-style patterns, we used the measures employed by Kim and Kwon(1999), where 44 items on a seven-point scale were used to measure factors of the life-style patterns. The Principal Component Method was used for factor extraction, and the VARIMAX orthogonal factor rotation was employed. The 7 items showing low factor loading were eliminated. The results of the factor analysis suggested that nine factors of the life-style patterns were identified as follows: 1) the equality-of-sexes and pursuit-of-independence tendency 2) self-management tendency 3) sociable tendency 4) self-display tendency 5) degree of a dilettante life 6) pursuit-of-information tendency 7) bargain hunter tendency 8) TV preference tendency 9) pursuit-of-leisure tendency. Next, after the K-means cluster analysis was performed with nine factors of the life-style patterns, the life-styles of the respondents were classified into four groups which are named as the 'progressive practicality-oriented group', 'positive success-oriented group', 'sociable ostentation-oriented group', 'stable conservation-oriented group'. The analysis results for usage behavior between the market segments showed statistically significant differences in the frequency of usage, duration time in the store, consumer satisfaction, and loyalty. Also, we tried to investigate whether the large discount store consumers differently perceive the quality of service based upon the types of life-style. To measure the service quality of large discount store, we adapted several measurement models measuring the service quality such as SERVPERF, BCP, R-SERVPERF, R-BCP. MANOVA and One-Way ANOVA were performed to confirm the difference in service quality perception based on the market segments. The results have also shown significant differences between life-style types in service quality perception. These findings show that the large discount store marketers should consider consumer life-style as one of the most important market segments for marketing and understand the difference in service quality perception between life-style types. Our findings give important implications to marketers of large discount stores as well as life-style researchers. First, this study showed there were significant differences in consumer's service quality perception and usage behavior between the types of life-style. It provides evidence that the life-style approach can be a important basis in segmenting the large discount store market and will make consumers perceive the service quality high. Second, most previous researches on service quality have been in aggregate level. However, our results imply that the future research on service quality have to focus on segment level.

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광역에너지이용 통합 최적화 운전 시스템 개발 및 경제적 효과 (Development and Economic Effect of Integrated Optimum Operation System using Wide Area Energy)

  • 이훈;김래현;장원석
    • 에너지공학
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    • 제18권4호
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    • pp.221-229
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    • 2009
  • 본 연구에서는 지역난방 수도권 지사별 실태 및 영향인자 진단 분석을 통해 개별지사와 연계지사간의 효율적이며 경제적인 운전을 할 수 있는 최적화 운전 프로그램을 개발하고 이를 통해 실제보다 최적화 운전시 어느정도 경제적 효과가 있는지를 확인해 보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 각 지사별 실태조사를 통해 보일러, 펌프, 관련Tag(온도, 압력, 연료량)등 다양한 인자를 진단/분석하였고 최적화 프로그램 개발을 위해 방대한 1년간 데이터를 인자별 Data base를 구축할 수 있었다. 또한 이를 통해 지사별 최적화 프로그램을 개발하여 수행한 결과, 최적화 선호도는 "소각장 >한전수열 >CHP >PLBs >PLBw"이었으며 연계를 제외한 각 지사별 실제운전과 최적화 운전 비용차이가 거의 없었다. 한편, 통합운영 최적화 프로그램을 개발하여 실제와 동일한 총 생산열량과 동일한 한전수열량과 같은 고정인자는 변동치 않고 단지 연계공급/수급열량만을 프로그램을 통해 최적조건(가장 저렴하고 효율적인 열량을 우선공급하는 조건)으로 효율적으로 운전한 결과, 사계절별 임의로 선정된 2~4일에 대한 일일 절감율 2.45~6.80%, 일일 절감액 22,727천원~60,077천원을 나타내었는데, 특히 겨울철에 제일 많은 수요량을 나타내며 가장 많은 절감비용을 얻을 수 있었고 수요량이 적은 여름철이 절감비용이 가장 작았다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 1년간 실제 열량 생산비용 대비 연간 절감비용을 환산하면 이론적으로 84억원이며 이는 수도권 전지사의 연간 총 열생산 비용(3,070억원)의 2.74%이상을 절감하는 경제적 효과가 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

에이전트기반 개방병원 간호기록시스템 설계에 관한 연구 (A Study on Design of Agent based Nursing Records System in Attending System)

  • 김경환
    • 지능정보연구
    • /
    • 제16권2호
    • /
    • pp.73-94
    • /
    • 2010
  • 개방병원에 환자의 입원을 의뢰한 담당 의사들은 환자들의 상태와 제대로 된 간호서비스를 받고 있는지에 대한 정보를 간호기록을 열람함으로써 확인할 수 있다. 하지만 간호기록은 병원의 내부자료로써 외부기관에 쉽게 공개할 수 없는 자료이고 표준화가 확립되어 있지 않아 병원별로 다르게 작성되고 있어 필요한 정보를 공유하는데 많은 어려움이 따른다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 개방병원 간호기록의 작성과 공유를 지원하기 위한 시스템을 개발하고자 하였다. 본 시스템은 우선 간호기록을 실제로 작성하는 간호사의 편의성을 고려하여 간호기록항목사전을 설정하게 하고 간호사와 의사간의 지능형 에이전트를 이용한 협상으로 작성과 공개의 항목을 확정하도록 하였다. 이 모든 과정은 의료기관간의 네트워킹을 지원할 수 있도록 웹기반시스템으로 설계되었고 실제 구현을 통하여 실현가능성을 확인하였다.