• 미생물학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.102-108
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• 2012

2003년부터 2007년까지 서울지역 집단식중독 환자에 대하여 RT-PCR을 이용하여 노로바이러스를 검출하였으며, 총 4,685건 중 노로바이러스가 383건(8.2%)이 검출되었다. 식중독 발생 사례는 2003년부터 2007년까지 57사례가 발생하였다. 계절별 유행양상은 겨울철에 가장 많이 검출되었다. 섭취장소별 유행양상은 학교급식 중 위탁경영에 의한 발생이 32%로 나타났으며, 일반음식점에 의한 발생이 29%로 나타났다. 본 연구는 서울지역 노로바이러스성 식중독 관리를 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.23-28
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• 2009

2006년 6월부터 11월까지 매월 1회씩 제주도 귀덕, 신산, 김녕, 강정 연안에서 정치망에 의해 채집된 창꼴뚜기를 대상으로 창꼴뚜기의 생식생물학적 특성에 관하여 연구하였다. 조사기간 동안 총 759 개체의 창꼴뚜기 중에서 암컷은 429 개체, 수컷은 330 개체로 나타났다. 암컷의 경우, 조사 기간 중 미숙, 중숙, 성숙, 완숙기의 개체들이 혼재하여 출현하였으며 산란이 가능한 완숙 개체는 조사기간 중 초기인 6월을 제외하고 모든기간에 걸쳐 관찰되었고, 11월에 출현비율이 가장 높았다. 수컷도 조사기간 중 미숙, 중숙, 성숙, 완숙기의 개체들이 혼재하여 출현하됐으며 생식소의 숙도가 방정이 가능한 성숙단계이상의 개체는 전 기간에 걸쳐 관찰되었고 완숙기의 개체는 암컷과 같이 11월에 출현비율이 가장 높았다. 창꼴뚜기가 산란에 참여하는 군성숙외투장을 알아본 결과 성숙외투장은 17.1cm 로 추정되었다.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.168-173
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• 2000

내수면에 나타나는 조석현상을 조사하기 위하여 전라남도의 나주호와 영산강에서 1997년 12월 30일부터 1998년 1월 27일까지 1시간 간격으로 수위변화를 측정하였다. 여기서 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 나주호와 영산강지류에서 모두 일주조와 반일주조가 나타났으나 조차는 수 mm 내지 수 십 mm로 작다. 하루에 두 번씩의 고조와 저조가 있었고, 1일 2회의 고조 중에서 일조부등 현상도 나타났다. 그믐과 보름이 지난 2일 후에 대조가 나타나고, 상현과 하현 후에 소조가 나타났다. 조화분해한 결과에 의하면 나주호에 나타나는 조석은 반일주조가 우세하며, 진폭이 가장 큰 순서로 주태음반일주조(M$_2$)가 0.55mm이고, 주태음일주조(O$_1$) 0.47mm, 월일합성일주조(K$_1$) 0.43mm, 주태양반일주조(S$_2$) 0.39mm의 순이다. 영산강 지류에 나타난 조석은 4mm에서 크게는 18mm로 장소, 지형 , 방향에 따라서 조차가 다르게 나타난다. 목포항의 고조 시각과 영산강 지류에 나타난 고조 시각과는 약간의 차이가 있다. 남평 지석강 수중보에서 나타나는 수위변동은 동 ${\cdot}$ 서 방향으로는 반일주조에 가까운 반면에 남 ${\cdot}$ 북 방향에서는 6시간 정도의 변동주기가 나타났다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.230-236
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• 1987

적조의 다발해역으로 알려진 마산만 일대의 2개 정점에서 1981년 1월부터 1982년 12월까지 유종섬모충류와 와편모류의 현존량을 월별로 조사하여 이들 변동과 포식-피포식 상관관계를 조사하였다. 와편모류의 우점종은 주로 $20-60\;{\mu}m$의 크기로서 Gymnodinium, Prorocentrum 속 등이었으며, 특히 봄에서 여름에 걸쳐 대발생을 보였다. 한편 유종섬모충류는 Favella가 압도적으로 우점하였으며 이들은 같은 시기에 현존량의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 이들의 중상관분석의 결과로 Favella는 와편모류중 $40-60\;{\mu}m$크기의 종류들과 높은 정의 상관관계를 나타냈으며, Prorocentrum 등이 우점한 정점 1보다는 Gymnodinium, Protogonyaulax등 크기가 큰 종류들이 우점한 정점 2에서 더 높은 중상관관계를 보였다. 이로서 유종섬모충류와 와편모류간에는 크기 및 형태에 의한 먹이 선택성을 인정할 수 있었으며 이들은 연안역의 저차생산단계에서 포식${\cdot}$피포식 상관관계를 통하여 중요한 역할을 맡고 있다고 사료된다.

• 복식
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• 제59권9호
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• pp.97-114
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• 2009

The purpose of this thesis is to contribute to the fashion industry of Korea and China by providing the basic informations of Korean fashion company planning to launch into the Chinese fashion market, and also presenting the Korean fashion style to the China, by the way of searching the sameness and differences of the casual style. The direct picturing method and comparative analysis were applied for the methods of study. The whole body pictures were taken from the major fashion streets of Seoul and Shanghai, then clear 250 photos were selected in each city. The period for two weeks from 1st, July to 14th, July 2008, and from 10AM until 5PM. The results of study are as follows. The sequential order of frequency is easy casual, jean casual, romantic casual and character casual in Seoul and Shanshai. In case of easy casual, there were many similarities of the preferences in the items, colors and coordinations, while showing the differences in the styling of the clothing. Taking the jean casual, there were no specific differences in items between two cities except the styling of clothing in which the tidy style were more prevalent in Seoul, while the sexy style were more predominant in Shanghai. The main item of romantic style was the one-piece dresses. This was preferred in the style of A-line or H-line with short length, in Seoul while X-silhouette showing the body line with knee-length skirts were more popular in Shanghai. Finally the frequency of character casual is below 5% in both cities. In the items, the skirts were more preferred as a bottom in Seoul in contrast with the pants being more prevalent in Shanghai, the sleeveless top popular in both cities. The modest style were noted in Seoul, the sexy style were more prevalent in Shanghai. However many similarities between two cities were found in the speed of acceptabilities of fashion.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.36-41
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• 2020

Purpose: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is among etiologies of secondary membranous nephropathy (MN) in pediatric patients. We evaluated expression of phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R), a specific target antigen of primary MN, in pediatric HBV-related MN. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients with biopsy-proven HBV-related MN from the renal biopsy registry and electronic medical records of Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea, from 1993 to 2004. Paraffin-embedded human kidney tissues were retrieved and immunohistochemically stained for PLA2R. Results: Ten pediatric patients with 13 biopsied specimens were reviewed. The predominant pathological stage was stage II-III, and second was stage II. The intensity of staining for IgG was greatest, with less intense staining for IgM, IgA, C3, C4, and C1q. All the patients had angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor combined with glucocorticoid, and four patients converted to cyclosporine treatment from glucocorticoid monotherapy. Urinalysis of all the patients normalized after variable period. PLA2R staining was demonstrated in the outer glomerulus in 3 out of 13 biopsies, 2 of which were obtained from the same patient over a 5-year interval. Conclusions: PLA2R was expressed in a small number of cases diagnosed as pediatric HBV-related MN, indicating that some HBV-related MN cases may be primary MN concurrent with HBV infection.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.511-525
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• 2014

The main object of this study is to determine and compare the structural behavior of base isolated long span highway bridge, $G\ddot{u}lburnu$ Highway Bridge, using single concave friction pendulum (SCFP) and triple concave friction pendulum (TCFP). The bridge is seismically isolated in the design phase to increase the main period and reduce the horizontal forces with moments using SCFP bearings. In the content of the paper, firstly three dimensional finite element model (FEM) of the bridge is constituted using project drawings by SAP2000 software. The dynamic characteristics such as natural frequencies and periods, and the structural response such as displacements, axial forces, shear forces and torsional moments are attained from the modal and dynamic analyses. After, FEM of the bridge is updated using TCFP and the analyses are performed. At the end of the study, the dynamic characteristics and internal forces are compared with each other to extract the TCFP effect. To emphasize the base isolation effect, the non-isolated structural analysis results are added to graphics. The predominant frequencies of bridge non-isolated, isolated with SCFP and isolated with TCFP conditions decreased from 0.849Hz to 0.497Hz and 0.338Hz, respectively. The maximum vertical displacements are obtained as 57cm, 54cm and 44cm for non-isolated, isolated with SCFP and isolated with TCFP conditions, respectively. The maximum vertical displacement reduction between isolated with TCFP bearing and isolated with SCFP bearing bridge is %23. Maximum axial forces are obtained as 60619kN, 18728kN and 7382kN, maximum shear forces are obtained as 23408kN, 17913kN and 16249kN and maximum torsional moments are obtained as 24020kNm, 7619kNm and 3840kNm for non-isolated, isolated with SCFP and isolated with TCFP conditions, respectively.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.4365-4368
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• 2013

Background: Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) is considered a subtype of adenocarcinoma of the lung. Recently BAC has been variously termed adenocarcinoma in situ, minimally invasive adenocarcinoma, lepidic predominant invasive adenocarcinoma, and invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma. The aim of the study was to analyze and detect prognostic factors of patients with BAC over a 7-year period. Materials and Methods: This retrospective single-center study included 44 patients with BAC. The impact on survival of fifteen variables (gender, age, smoking status, cough, dyspnea, hemoptysis, fever, chest pain, sputum, metastasis number, Karnofsky performance status, pT, pN, TNM stage, cytotoxic chemoterapy) were assessed. Results: Median age was 55 years (38-83). Most patients were male (63.6%) and stage IV (59.1%). Twenty-one patients (47.7%) received cytotoxic chemotherapy (platinum-based regimens) for metastatic disease. Objective response rate was 33.3% (4 partial, 3 complete responses). Stable disease was observed in nine in patients (42.8%). Disease progression was noted in 5 (23.8%). The median OS for all patients was 12 months (95%CI, 2.08-22.9 months). Independent predictors for overall survival were: Karnofsky performance status (HR:3.30, p 0.009), pN (HR:3.81, p 0.018), TNM stage (HR:6.49, p 0.012) and hemoptysis (HR:2.31, p 0.046). Conclusions: Karnofsky performance status, pN, TNM stage and hemoptysis appear to have significant impact on predicting patient survival in cases of BAC.

• 생태와환경
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• 제38권4호통권114호
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• pp.503-509
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• 2005

작은 부영양 저수지에서 수화를 형성하는 Mallomonas elongata의 계절적 변동(2004년 10월-2005년 9월)과 온도와 pH에 대한 증식 특성을 실험실 배양을 통해 조사하였다. 수온 12-$18^{\circ}C$, pH8.4-9.5의 범위를 나타낸 3월 말에서 4월 초의 짧은 기간 동안 M. elongata의 심한 bloom (최고 17,600 cells $mL^{-1}$이 발생하였다. 이 저수지로부터 분리한 M. elongata의 batch culture를 통한 다양한 온도에 대한 성장 반응은 bloom을 형성 하였을 때의 저수지 수온과 유사한 $15^{\circ}C$ 에서 최대성장률을 나타내었다. 반면 pH에 대한 증식 특성은 bloom 형성기의 저수지 pH 범위 보다 낮은 pH 6에서 최대 성장률을 나타내었다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.351-353
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• 2010

To investigate the population densities of potential malaria vectors, Anopheles species were collected by light traps in malaria endemic areas, Paju and Gimpo, Gyeonggi-do of Korea. Five Anopheles Hyrcanus sibling species (An. sinensis, An. pullus, An. lesteri, An. kleini, and An. belenrae) were identified by PCR. The predominant species, An. pullus was collected during the late spring and mid-summer, while higher population consists of An. sinensis were collected from late summer to early autumn. These 2 species accounted for 92.1 % of all Anopheles mosquitoes collected, while the other 3 species accounted for 7.9%. Taking into account of these population densities, late seasonal prevalence, and long-term incubation period (9-13 months) of the Korean Plasmodium vivax strain, An. sinensis s.s is thought to play an important role in the transmission of vivax malaria in the study areas.