• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.15-19
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• 2022

Purpose [⁶⁸Ga]PSMA-11 is needed the high reproducibility, excellent radiochemical yield and purity. In term of radiation safety, the radiation exposure of operator for its production also should be considered. In this work, we performed a comparative study for the fully automated synthesis of [⁶⁸Ga]PSMA-11 between non-cassette type and cassette type. Materials and Methods Two different type of modules (TRACERlab FX N pro for non-cassette type and BIKBox for cassette type) were used for the automated production of [⁶⁸Ga]PSMA-11. According to the previously identified elution profile, Only 2.5 ml with high radioactivity was used for the reaction. After adjusting the pH of the reaction solution with HEPES buffer solution, the precursor was added and reacted with at 95 ℃ for 15 minutes. The reaction mixture was separated and purified using a C18 light cartridge. The product was eluted with 50% EtOH/saline solution and diluted with saline. It was completed by sterilizing filter. In the non-cassette type, the aforementioned process must be prepared directly. However, in the cassette method, synthesis was possible simply by installing a kit that was already completed. Results Both total [⁶⁸Ga]PSMA-11 production time were 25±3(non-cassette type) and 23±3 minutes(cassette type). The radiochemical yield of the non-cassette type(65.5±5.7%) was higher than that of the cassette type(61.6±4.8%) after sterilization filter. The non-cassette type took about 120 minutes of preparation time before synthesis due to washing of synthesizer and reagent preparation. However, since the cassette type does not require washing and reagent preparation, it took about 20 minutes to prepare before synthesis. Both type of synthesizer had a radiochemical high purity(>99%). Conclusion The non-cassette type production of [⁶⁸Ga]PSMA-11 showed higher radiochemical yield and lower cost than the cassette type. However, The cassette type has an advantage in terms of preparation time, convenience, and equipment maintenance.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.667-671
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• 2014

In this study, we suggest a facile method to control conditions of single component independently when preparing consisting two-component metal oxides nanofiber by simply dispersing nanoparticles in precursor solution. The well dispersed $SiO_2$ nanoparticles in $TiO_2$ nanofibers were successfully synthesized through a simple electrospinning process. The as-synthesized nanodfibers were investigated via FE-SEM, XRD and EDS for structural studies, furthermore, the analysis of UV-VIS and photocatalytic activity were carried out for demonstrate the effect of $SiO_2$ nanoparticles dispersed in $TiO_2$ nanofibers. As a result, $TiO_2$ nanofibres dispersed with $SiO_2$ nanoparticles have enhanced photocatalytic activity than that of $TiO_2$ nanofibres only. In this strategy, the introduction of $SiO_2$ nanoparticles in $TiO_2$ nanofibers were attribute to enlarge absorption in the visible region (380~440 nm). Additionally, $Br{\o}nsted$ acid sites generated in each metal oxide of Ti and Si increase OH radicals efficiently as well as it limit recombination loss by holding photogenerated electrons for high efficient photocatalytic activity.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.251-255
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• 2008

The aim of the present recent study was to compare the protein patterns in the vaginal mucus of Hanwoo cattles during spontaneous and CIDR induced-estrus. Ten cattles, who had been observed in estrus, received no treatment and served as the group of cattles with normal spontaneous estrus. Thirteen cattles in the CIDR received an CIDR insert on day 14 were removed and cattles were injected GnRH on day 15. Vaginal mucus samples were collected from all cattles at the same time the single AI in cattles with spontaneous estrus and the AI in cattles with induced estrus. Spontaneous and CIDR-induced estrus vaginal mucus samples were analyzed on two different array surfaces: cation-exchange (CM10), anion-exchange (Q10). In addition, using the NaCl solution by which the proteins combined after washing are 0.5, 1 and 2 M, it was fractionated and a protein was collected successively. The results are summarized as follows: 1) Ionic surfaces chemistries (Q10 and CM10) gave the best results in terms of detectable protein peaks, with more than 100 protein peaks in the two fractions and under each condition. 2) Protein mass spectrometer using 11 different proteins in protein identification of 7 were able to determine the protein. List of identified proteins as follows; Ribosome-binding protein 1, GRIP 1-associated protein 1, Katanin p60 ATPase-containing subunit A-like 1, Protein FAM44A, DUF729 domain-containing protein 1, Prolactin precursor, Dihydrofolate erductase. Conclusively, on the basis of this study, protein expression in the vaginal mucus could be used as an indicator for time of estrus manifestation in order to increase conception rates by applying AI at an optional time.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.204-211
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• 2000

The $(Y,Gd)BO_3:Eu$ red phosphors for PDP application were synthesized by ultrasonic spray method and then their photoluminance properties were investigated under 147nm VUV irradiation. The precursor solution of acetates of Y, GD and Eu and boric acid diluted in water was sprayed using 1.7 MHz ultra-sonic sprayer into the reaction tube held at high temperature. The as-sprayed particles were amorphous phase having C-C and C-H bonds due to the insufficient thermal reaction during the pass along the tube. But the sprayed samples followed by heat treatment at $1100^{\circ}C$ had the same crystal structure and chemical composition as those samples followed by solid state reaction. It was found that the $(Y_{0.7}Gd_{0.3})_{0.95} BO_3:Eu_{0.05}^{3+}$ phosphor particles synthesized by spray at $500^{\circ}C$ and then heat treated at $900^{\circ}C$ had a spherical-like shape and fine particle size at $0.7{\mu\textrm{m}}$ having a narrow size distribution, while the phosphor particles made by solid state reaction was $3{\mu\textrm{m}}$ coarse and non-uniform size distribution. The emitting intensity under 147nm VUV excitation for $(Y_{0.7}Gd_{0.3})_{0.95}BO_3:Eu_{0.05}^{3+}$ phosphor prepared by spray method was found to be higher than those phosphor made by solid state reaction and the commercial $(Y,Gd)BO_3:Eu$ product.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.565-573
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• 2010

Copoly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)(DAEMA)/butyl acrylate (BA) and copoly(methyl methacrylate)(MMA)/BA/2-(cinnamoyloxy)ethyl methacryate (CEMA), which were cross-linked with dibromoalkane and UV irradiation, respectively, were prepared for the precursors of interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) humidity-sensitive films. 3-(Triethoxysilyl)propyl cinnamate (TESPC) was used as a surface-pretreating agent for the attachment of IPN-polyelectrolyte to the electrode surface by UV irradiation. Humidity sensitive polymeric thin films with an IPN structure were prepared by crosslinking reactions of copoly(DAEMA/BA) with 1,4-dibromobutane (DBB) and copoly(MMA/BA/CEMA) by UV-irradiation. The anchoring of an IPN-polyelectrolyte into the substrate was carried out via the photochemical $[2{\pi}+2{\pi}]$ cycloaddition. The resulting humidity sensors showed a high sensitivity in the range of 20~95%RH and a small hysteresis (<1.5%RH). The response time for adsorption and desorption process at 33~94%RH was 48 and 65 s, respectively, indicating a fast response. The effects of the concentration of copolymers, molar ratio of crosslinking agents and time of the precursor solution for dip-coating on their humidity sensitive properties including water durability were investigated.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.334-341
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• 2000

The DMPT produced by marine algae is the main biogenic precursor of oceanic DMS. Also, DMPT is an efficient stimulant for growth, feeding, and body movement of fish and striped prawn, and appears to play a physiologic role as an osmoprotectant in algae. This study was focused on the extraction of dimethyl-$\beta$-propiothetin as bioactive substance from green seaweed. Identification and quantification of dimethyl-$\beta$-propiothetin were measured by headspace gas chromatography after conversion to dimethyl sulfide by treatment with saturated NaOH solution. Dimethyl-$\beta$-propiothetin was extracted through various processes(solvent extraction, ultrasonication, boiling and autoclaving) from Enteromorpha intesinalis. The content of dimethyl-$\beta$-propiothetin extracted by autoclaving treatment showed higher than those of various extraction methods. Dimethyl-$\beta$-propiothetin content in extract of Enteromorpha Enteromorpha was 311,200ng/g after autoclaving at 121$^{\circ}C$ for 60min. Dimethyl-$\beta$-propiothetin in extract of Enteromorpha intestinalis was comparatively stable under low temperature. The retentions of dimethyl-$\beta$-propiothetin content in extract of Enteromorpha intestinalis were 75.8 ~99.8% by incubation at 10~6$0^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours. Chemical decomposition of dimethyl-$\beta$-propiothetin was observed under laboratory conditions at pH values higher than 9.5.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.534-540
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• 2006

Thin films of $V_2O_3$, $VO_2$, and $V_2O_5$ were obtained from a single precursor solution through post-annealing processes under different annealing conditions. As annealed in air, the deposited films became $V_2O_5$ with orthorhombic crystal structure, while they were $V_2O_3$ and $VO_2$ with rhombohedral and monoclinic crystal structure as annealed in vacuums with base pressure of $1{\times}10^{-6}$ Torr and with 10 mTorr $O_2$ pressure, respectively. Electrical and optical measurements indicated that the $V_2O_5$ and $VO_2$ films are semiconducting, while the $V_2O_3$ films are metallic at room temperature. Chromium doping in $VO_2$ resulted in a decrease of the resistivity and changed the conduction type from n-type to p-type. 10% Cr-doped $VO_2$ films were found to have orthorhombic crystal structure, which is different from that of the undoped $VO_2$. Spectral features in the optical absorption spectra of all the films were interpreted as the transitions involving O 2p and V 3d bands. The crystal-field splittings between $t_{2g}$ and $e_g$ states of the V 3d bands are estimated to be about 1.5 and 1.0 eV for $V_2O_5$ and $VO_2$, respectively.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.49-59
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• 2004

Organic smectite was hydrothermally synthesized by treating the opal-rich siliceous mudstone from the Pohang area with TMAOH solutions and 1:1 solutions of TMAOH+NaOH at $80^{\circ}C$ and concentrations ranging 10∼15%. Smectite was solely formed without accompanying any mineral products in case of TMAOH, whereas NaP and hydroxysodalite was synthesized together with smectite under the blending solution of TMAOH+NaOH. The synthesized smectite is identified as an organic smectite intercalating $TMA^{+}$ within its interlayer site, specifically corresponding to monmorillonite species, through mineralogical characterization by XRD, DTA, and IR analyses. The experimental results indicate that main precursor of the synthesized smectite is undoubtedly opal-CT, and the original sedimentary smectite included as considerable amounts in the mudstone seems to play a major role as Al-sources necessary far the smectite formation. Original inert components such as quartz and mica do not affect mostly to the synthesis reaction, and thus, are resultantly found as impurities in the synthetic products. These experimental results may imply that a new effective method for the low-temperature (less than $100^{\circ}C$) hydrothermal synthesis of organic smectite will be established if some Al-sources adequate for this synthetic system are available.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.69-73
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• 2010

The microstructural change of the $Sm_{0.5}Sr_{0.5}CoO_3$ (SSC) electrode for a cathode material of solid oxdie fuel cells (SOFCs) deposited by the electrostatic spray deposition (ESD) technique was characterized. Samarium chloride hexahydrate $(SmCl_3{\cdot}6H_2O)$, strontium chloride hexahydrate $(SrCl_2{\cdot}gH_2O)$, cobalt nitrate hexahydrate $(Co(No_3)_2{\cdot}6H_2O)$ as starting materials and methyl alcohol as solvent were used to make precursor solution. The suitable porous SSC films for a cathode of SOFCs were deposited on Si substrate and it is observed that the microstructure was strongly dependent on processing parameters such as deposition time, substrate temperature, and applied voltage. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-ray Diffractometer (XRD) measurement were used to investigate the microstructure and crystallinity of the SSC films. The ESD technique is shown to be an efficient method in which the SOFCs' cathode film can be fabricated with the desired phases and microstructure.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.271-277
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• 2007

Natural pigments have many applications like colouring agent, pigments, food additives, and antiseptics. At present, instead of synthetic pigments that have contributed to the development of industry, many kinds of natural pigments have been developed. The constituents of gardenia fruits, Gardenia jasminoides ELLIS, are traditionally known as herb medicine and natural dyes/pigments due to the customer is needs. The fruits produce yellow carotenoid pigments and iridoid compounds. The two main components in the yellow pigments are called crocin and crocetin. The extraction mode of yellow pigment from Gardenia is depended upon the extraction time, temperature, and volume of solvent. Red pigments or blue pigments formed from geniposide and amino acids have been reported a lot. Geniposide, the principal iridoid glucoside contained in gardenia fruit, was hydrolyzed to genipinic acid or genipin as a precursor for the pigment by enzymatic or chemical reaction. These red or blue pigments prepared with materials hydrolyzed of geniposide and amino acid and had properties governed by the electrostatic character of the amino acid. The pigments showed good stability to heat and pH but were gradually bleached by light while the other natural pigments are unstable in light, heat, acid, and base solution. The safety of the pigments was considered to be of little virulences in comparison to synthetic pigments.