• 휴양 및 경관연구
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2017

Recently, growing emphasis has been placed on the installation of rain gardens. However, previous rain garden studies have mainly focused on physicochemical effects such as rainfall runoff management and water quality improvement. Therefore, this study aims to investigate general perceptions of rain gardens and landscape aesthetics among rain garden visitors. To achieve this goal, a survey of 100 rain garden visitors was conducted, gathering information about their general perceptions of rain gardens and landscape aesthetics at three pre-selected rain garden locations. Results showed that rain garden recognition was limited to 34% of the respondents, indicating that most people were not aware of rain gardens and were unable to notice differences between rain gardens and traditional gardens. However, stronger support for rain gardens was observed among those who were aware of the concept, those who recognized that rain garden planting types are differentiated from traditional gardens, and those who rated positively the landscape aesthetic value of rain gardens. The main findings are expected to encourage further studies of quantitative indicators by conducting a correlation analysis between aesthetics and functionality of rain gardens.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈C:초등수학교육
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.211-222
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• 2016

본고는 미국수학교사협의회(NCTM)의 대표적 최신 출판물인 원리에서 실천으로(Principles to Actions)에 제시된 8개 항목의 수학교수관행(Mathematics Teaching Practices: MTPs)을 분석의 틀로 이용하여, 초중등 예비교사들이 수업지도안 수정활동에 참여한 과정을 보고하고 있다. 이 과제는 주어진 수업지도안을 분석하고 수정하는 활동을 포함한 4단계의 과정으로 구성되었다. 57명의 예비교사들이 한 학기 간에 걸쳐 이 과제에 참여하였으며, 각 단계에서 수집된 자료는 귀납적 내용분석을 하였다. 예비교사들의 수업지도안 작성에 대한 초기개념은 수업관행(가령 MTPs)을 미약하게 반영하고 있었으며, 지도안 구성요소들의 기능보다는 형식을 더 강조하는 경향을 보였다. 그러나 MTPs를 수업지도안 분석의 틀로 이용하는 기회가 주어졌을 때, 예비교사들이 MTPs 에 대한 다양한 해석을 보여주었고, MTPs를 수업지도안에 포함시키려는 노력을 하였으며, MTPs 간의 상호연계성에 더 주목하는 경향을 보였다. 본고는 이 수업지도안 수정과정에서 예비교사들이 겪은 도전 및 갈등도 제시하고 있다. 이런 점에서 본 연구 결과는 교사교육 프로그램에서 MTPs의 효과적 사용 가능성 여부를 조사하는 연구에 시사점을 제시하고 있다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.4999-5003
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• 2016

The testicular cancer (TCa) incidence is increasing in many countries, with age-standardized incidence rates up to 7.8/100,000 men in the Western world, although reductions in mortality and increasingly high cure rates are being witnessed at the same time. In Africa, where rates are lower, presentation is often late and morbidity and mortality high. Given this scenario, awareness of testicular cancer and practice of testicular self-examination among future first response doctors is very important. This study was conducted to determine knowledge and attitude to testicular cancer, and practice of testicular self-examination (TSE) among final (6th) year medical students. In addition, the effect of an intervention in the form of a single PowerPoint(R) lecture, lasting 40 minutes with image content on testicular cancer and testicular self examination was assessed. Pre and post intervention administration of a self-administered structured pre tested questionnaire was performed on 151 medical students, 101 of whom returned answers (response rate of 66.8%). In the TC domain, there was a high level of awareness of testicular cancer, but poor knowledge of the age group most affected, with significant improvement post intervention (p<0.001). Notable also was the poor awareness of the potential curability of TC, this also being improved following the intervention (p<0.001). A poor level of awareness and practice of testicular self-examination pre-intervention was found considering the nature of the study group..Respondents had surprisingly weak/poor responses to the question "How important to men's health is regular testicular self-examination?" Answers to the questions "Do you think it is worthwhile to examine your testis regularly?" and "Would you be interested in more information on testicular cancer and testicular self-examination?" were also suboptimal, but improved post intervention p<0.001, p<0.001 and p=0.037. Age, gender and marital status were without specific influence. In conclusion, this study showed poor levels of knowledge regarding epidemiology of TCa and its potential curability when detected early. There was also a poor awareness of, practice of, and poor attitudes to TSE. The significant improvement in these parameters post intervention indicates value in educational intervention. We recommend inclusion of TCa coverage and TSE teaching in the secondary school curriculum (targeting adolescents). Greater emphasis should also be given to testicular cancer in the curricula of medical schools and other training institutions for health care personnel.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제60권1호
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• pp.77-110
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• 2021

본 연구는 학생의 수학적 사고를 주제로 한 참여형 수업을 학생 사고기반 수학 수업이라 명하고, 이러한 수업을 지원하는 방법으로 수업 설계에 주목했다. 교사가 학생 사고기반 수학 수업을 실천하기 위해서는 학생들의 사고와 그에 대한 교육적 피드백을 여러 측면에서 예상할 뿐 아니라, 예상한 학생 답변을 의도적으로 배열하고 그것들을 목표와 연결하는 방법을 미리 계획할 필요가 있다. 학교에서 일반적으로 사용되는 3단계 수업 설계안은 교사가 수업의 도입, 전개, 그리고 정리에 따라 일련의 수업 계획을 기록해볼 수 있는 틀을 제공하지만, 외현적 수업 활동에만 초점을 두게 한다는 제한점이 있다. 이에 본 연구는 3단계 수업 설계안을 보완한 학생 사고기반 수업 설계안을 제시했다. 그리고 학생 사고기반 수학 수업을 위한 과제, 학생 참여, 그리고 교사 역할에 관련된 문헌 검토 결과를 종합한 개념적 틀을 렌즈로 하여 예비교사들이 작성한 3단계 수업 설계안과 학생 사고기반 수업 설계안의 차이를 분석했다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.43-58
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• 1977

Kojedo is the second largest island in Korea and a total population of 115,500 is living on the island of 394.69 sq. km. Under the direction of three nutrition professors, nutrition surveys in two villages in Kojedo, namely Siljun Ri in Hachung Myon and Soowol Ri in Shinhyun Myon, were carried by 30 college senior students majoring in nutrition from August to 20 August 1977. From a total of 176 households of the two villages, 67 households were randomly selected and 390 family members of the households were subjcets of the nutrition surveys. The precise weighing method was used in evaluating the kinds of foods and nutrient intakes of the subjects for three consecutive days. Thirty-seven pre-school children aged between 3 to 6 years and 27 fertile women were examined for biochemical findings and physical status. The main purposes of the surveys are to provide baseline data on nutrition in Kojedo Island for the Kojedo Community Development Project and to compare the nutritional status of the villages of Siljun Ri and Soowol Ri. Siljun Ri is located in the pilot project area of the Koiedo Community Health Project sponsored since December 1970 by the Christian Medical Commission of the World Council of Churches. While Soowol Ri is a control village for comparison. The results obtained are summarized as follows: Food Intake The average food intake per person per day in Siljun Ri, 1064 grams (91.7% in vegetable foods and 7.6% in animal foods) was 90 grams more than that of Soowol Ri, 974 grams (92.8% in vegetable foods and 5.9% in animal foods). However, the food intake per pre-school child in Siljun Ri, 485 grams (92.6% from vegetable foods and 6.4% from animal foods) was 21 grams lower than that of the Soowol Ri, 506 grams (88.5% from vegetable foods and 6.5% from animal foods). The average intake of beans was 16 grams(1.5% out of the total food intake) in Siljun Ri and 21 grams(2.2% of the total food intake)in Soowol Ri. The villagers should be guided for more consumption of soybeans to improve the quality of protein intake from vegetable foods. Nutrient Intake The adult intake in Siljun Ri and Soowol Ri were 2,529 kcal and 2,511 kcal respectively. The average energy intake of pre-school childen in Siljun Ri was 948 kcal and that for adult and 1,500 kcal for childen aged between 4 to 6 years-given by the Korea FAO Association, the diets in both villages were not adequate. Average daily protein intake of the subjected adult in Siljun Ri was 78.4 grams and that of Soowol Ri was 76.2 grams, while pre-school children took 30.7 grams in the former village and 31.7 grams in the latter village per child per day. The protein intake in both villages were lower than the recommended allowances, 80 grams for adult and 45 grams for $4{\sim}6$ years childen, and animal protein intake of the all subjects was very much lower than the RDA. The main charecter of the diet has been found low in quality of protein and high in carbohydrate. The calcium intakes of the pre-school children in both villages, 251.9 milligrams in Siljun Ri and 218.8 milligrams in Soowol Ri, were very much lower than the recommended allowance of 500 milligrams per day. It is apparent that the diet for children should be supplemented with calcium. Among the vitamin group, the daily average intakes of vitamin A and $B_{2}$(thiamine), $B_{2}$(riboflavin), C(ascorbic acid), and niacin were not adequate for the children in both villages. Especially the intake of riboflavin, 0.4 milligrams in both village children, was much lower than the RDA, 0.9 milligrams per day. Physical Characteristics Average height, weight, chest and head circumference of the pre-school children in both villages were similar to those of the Korean standard given by the Korean Paediatrics Association except that the average height of pre-school boys in Siljun Ri was 8 cm higher than the Korean standard of 105 cm. The mean values of upper arm circumference and skinfold thickness of pre-school boys in both villages were the same, 15.4 cm for upper arm circumference and 6.8 mm for skinfold thickness, but the mean values of those of the girls in Siljun Ri were higher than those of pre-school grils in Soowol Ri. Biochemical Findings Avera ge hemogobin value of boys and girls in both villages was the same, 11.1 grams per 100 ml of blood. The incidence of anemia (Hb value below 11g/100ml) was similar in both viltagesr 36.4% for boys and 50% for girls in Siljun Ri and 37.5% for boys and 50% for girls in Soowol Ri. Average hemoglobin values of fertile women were 10.7g% in Siljun Ri and 10.8% in Soowor Ri. The incidences of anemia(Hb valre brlow 12g/100ml) were 100% in Siljun Ri and 86.7% in Soowol Ri. The anemia of these subjects may be caused mainty low intake of good quality protein and iron intake from vegetable food. Recommendation In general, the nutritional status of a community health pilot village is not higher than that of control village due to the lack of nutrition improvement guldance services. Nutrition education should be delivered to the villagers as a main part of the health education artivities. The emphasis should be on building better health through bttter food habits and better food production as well as on preventing malnutrition and diseasrs. It can be an invaluable part of community developnent. Since nutrition is considered to be at least one-half of MCH care, no village or home visits should be made without careful provision for teaching and demoastrating something simple and practical on nutrition. The nurse, midwife, and village health worker should be the chief promoters of nutrition.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.287-306
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• 2002

The assessment of structural performance of transfer structures under potential seismic actions is presented. Various seismic assessment methodologies are used, with particular emphasis on the accurate modelling of the higher mode effects and the potential development of a soft storey effect in the mega-columns below the transfer plate (TP) level. Those methods include response spectrum analysis (RSA), manual calculation, pushover analysis (POA) and equivalent static load analysis (ESA). The capabilities and limitations of each method are highlighted. The paper aims, firstly, to determine the appropriate seismic assessment methodology for transfer structures using these different approaches, all of which can be undertaken with the resources generally available in a design office. Secondly, the paper highlights and discusses factors influencing the response behaviour of transfer structures, and finally provides a general indication of their seismic vulnerability. The representative Hong Kong building considered in this paper utilises a structural system with coupled shear walls and moment resisting portal-frames, above and below the TP, respectively. By adopting the wind load profile stipulated in the Code of Practice on Wind Effects: Hong Kong-1983, all the structural members are sized and detailed according to the British Standards BS8110 and the current local practices. The seismic displacement demand for the structure, when built on either rock or deep soil sites, was determined in a companion paper. The lateral load-displacement characteristic of the building, determined herein from manual calculation, has indicated that the poor ductility (brittle nature) of the mega-columns, due mainly to the high level of axial pre-compression as found from the analysis, cannot be effectively alleviated solely by increasing the quantity of confinement stirrups. The interstorey drift demands at lower and upper zones caused by seismic actions are found to be substantially higher than those arising from wind loads. The mega-columns supporting the TP and the coupling beams at higher zones are identified to be the most vulnerable components under seismic actions.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.181-188
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• 2015

Skeletal development of chicken has been widely discussed in industrial forums and various research reports. However, these studies were emphasis on the commercial chicken strains for improve egg and meat production whereas the skeletal quiet remains as a potential weak link related to facilitating in the physical support of heavier carcasses at ever younger ages. For that, the study of standardization of skeletal development is important but it was rarely reported in Korean native chicken (KNC). The study was investigated the skeletal characteristics of KNC for international standardization. We studied in KNC at 2, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, 84, 98, 112, 126, 147, 168, 196, 224, 336 and 448 days after hatch (male and female, n=13 for each group). We measured the body weight (BW), and after sacrifice measured organs and remove muscle from femur & tibia and measured bone weight. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, Duncan test, correlation analysis and regression analysis of SAS 9.1. We analyzed the data of BW, femur & tibia and made growth curve also. The BW was significantly increased up to 147 days after hatch (male, $1,927.88{\pm}68.92g$; female, $1,456.00{\pm}50.11g$), and then increased gradually. At 336 days, these growth was stop (male, $2,467.00{\pm}42.84g$; female, $1,568.71{\pm}62.62g$). The growth of femur & tibia length and width was stop on 98~126 days after hatch. At 98 days, we measured the length and width of femur & tibia in male were $132.39{\pm}3.18mm$ & $25.98{\pm}0.59mm$ whereas in female at 112 days the length of femur & tibia was $116.40{\pm}1.55mm$ and at 126 days width was $21.41{\pm}0.38mm$. Our study suggests that the growth of male KNC was classified pre-puberty (0~98 days), puberty (98~336 days) and maturity (after 336 days), meanwhile female was shown similar trend however puberty period of KNC was 112 or 126 days after hatch.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2002년도 ITC-CSCC -1
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• pp.690-693
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• 2002

According to the growth of communication biz, embedded market rapidly developing in domestic and overseas. Embedded system can be used in various way such as wire and wireless communication equipment or information products. There are lots of developing performance applying speech recognition to embedded system, for instance, PDA, PCS, CDMA-2000 or IMT-2000. This study implement minimum memory of speech recognition engine and DB for apply real time embedded system. The implement measure of speech recognition equipment to fit on embedded system is like following. At first, DC element is removed from Input voice and then a compensation of high frequency was achieved by pre-emphasis with coefficients value, 0.97 and constitute division data as same size as 256 sample by lapped shift method. Through by Levinson - Durbin Algorithm, these data can get linear predictive coefficient and again, using Cepstrum - Transformer attain feature vectors. During HMM training, We used Baum-Welch reestimation Algorithm for each words training and can get the recognition result from executed likelihood method on each words. The used speech data is using 40 speech command data and 10 digits extracted form each 15 of male and female speaker spoken menu control command of Embedded system. Since, in many times, ARM CPU is adopted in embedded system, it's peformed porting the speech recognition engine on ARM core evaluation board. And do the recognition test with select set 1 and set 3 parameter that has good recognition rate on commander and no digit after the several tests using by 5 proposal recognition parameter sets. The recognition engine of recognition rate shows 95%, speech commander recognizer shows 96% and digits recognizer shows 94%.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.61-69
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 지문 인식에 있어서 정확한 특징점 추출이 가능하도록 지문 이미지의 전처리를 개선하는 새로운 방법을 제안하였다. 지문 이미지는 자동 지문인증 시스템의 인증률 향상에 가장 중요한 요소이다. 본 논문에서는 방향지향성 필터에 기초한 새로운 전처리 알고리즘을 적용하여 지문 이미지의 유효 융선 벡터와 융선 확률을 이용하여 품질이 낮은 지문 이미지를 지문인식에 더 적합하도록 품질을 항상시켰다. 품질이 좋지 않은 지문 이미지는 융선 구조가 불명확하고, 융선 사이에 잡음 점들이 많이 포함되어 있기 때문에 제안된 지문 이미지 향상 알고리즘을 통해서 그 잡음이 제거되고 융선이 더 선명하게 추정되었다. 이로 인하여 융선의 지역적 방향과 주파수를 더 정확히 추출 할 수 있다. 이 결과는 지문인식의 후처리 알고리즘에서 특징점을 정확하게 추출 할 수 있게해준다. 아울러 가짜 특징점이 생길 확률이 낮아지므로 이를 제거 할 때 함께 없어지는 진짜 특징점 수도 감소 시켜 준다. 두 가지 방법으로 이루어진 실험에서는 반도체 지문센서로부터 얻어진 이미지를 이용한 인증률 테스트의 향상도 측정방법과, IEEE 공인인증 데이터베이스인 FVC2002 DB3 지문이미지 데이터를 이용하여 기존의 알고리즘과 제안된 알고리즘의 인증률을 측정하였다.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.277-314
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• 2006

This article aims at analysing the reality of banks' liability resulting from the breach of contract on its part to keep the business secrecy with the supplier in the transferable credit, focusing on a English decision, Jackson v. Royal Bank of Scotland [2005] UKHL 3. In this case, the applicant, 'Econ', had purchased various varieties of pre-packed dog chews in bulk through 'Sam'(lst beneficiary) from 'PPLtd'(2nd beneficiary) in Thailand, using a transferable letter of credit issued by 'RBank'. 'Sam' charged a tremendous amount of mark-up on each transaction and it had not been disclosed to 'Econ', although the identity of 'PPLtd' was revealed to 'Econ' by various documents. However, 'RBank' made an unfortunate error to send an completion statement and other documents including 'PPLtd.'s invoice to 'Econ' instead of to 'Sam'. The effect of the Bank's error was to reveal to 'Econ' the substantial profit that 'Sam' was making on these transactions. CEO of 'Econ' was furious and, as a result, decided to cut 'Sam' out of its importing system and terminated their relationship. 'Sam' sued 'RBank' for damages to recover the loss of profits which could have been possibly made, if the information on the mark-up would not have been exposed to 'Econ'. The House of Lord held that 'RBank' was in breach of its duty of confidence, so 'Sam' was entitled to recover damages on a decreasing scale over 4 years, since there was no specific undertaking from the letter of credit.