• 제목/요약/키워드: Pre-COVID19

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코로나 시대의 공공도서관 대출 추이에 관한 연구 - A 공공도서관의 2019~2021 대출 통계 분석을 중심으로 - (Circulation Trends of a Public Library during the Covid-19 Era: An Analysis of Circulation Statistics of A Public Library from 2019 to 2021)

  • 박소연
    • 한국문헌정보학회지
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    • 제56권4호
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    • pp.357-376
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    • 2022
  • 본 연구에서는 2019년부터 2021년까지 3년의 기간 동안 A 공공도서관의 대출 현황 및 대출 추이를 분석하였다. 조사 결과, 코로나 전기와 코로나 시기 간, 코로나 시기와 코로나 회복기 간에는 대출 빈도 평균 차이가 유의미한 것으로 나타났다. 그러나, 코로나 전기와 코로나 회복기 간에는 대출량 평균 차이가 유의미하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 3년을 통합해서 분석한 결과, 월별, 요일별, 시간대별 대출 빈도의 분포에 있어서 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 시기별로 세부 비교한 결과, 코로나 전기와 코로나 회복기의 월별. 시간대별 대출 분포가 유사하며, 코로나 시기의 월별, 시간대별 대출 분포는 코로나 전기 및 코로나 회복기와 상이한 것으로 나타났다. 코로나 시대 장기간의 공공도서 관 대출 추이에 대해 조사한 본 연구의 결과는 향후 공공도서관의 장서 개발, 서비스 운영 및 개선에 활용되고, 공공도서관 이용자들의 대출 행태와 정보 요구를 예측하는데 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Pre-existing Immunity to Endemic Human Coronaviruses Does Not Affect the Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 Spike in a Murine Vaccination Model

  • Ahn Young Jeong;Pureum Lee;Moo-Seung Lee;Doo-Jin Kim
    • IMMUNE NETWORK
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    • 제23권2호
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    • pp.19.1-19.10
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    • 2023
  • Endemic human coronaviruses (HCoVs) have been evidenced to be cross-reactive to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although a correlation exists between the immunological memory to HCoVs and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity, there is little experimental evidence for the effects of HCoV memory on the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines. Here, we investigated the Ag-specific immune response to COVID-19 vaccines in the presence or absence of immunological memory against HCoV spike Ags in a mouse model. Pre-existing immunity against HCoV did not affect the COVID-19 vaccine-mediated humoral response with regard to Ag-specific total IgG and neutralizing Ab levels. The specific T cell response to the COVID-19 vaccine Ag was also unaltered, regardless of pre-exposure to HCoV spike Ags. Taken together, our data suggest that COVID-19 vaccines elicit comparable immunity regardless of immunological memory to spike of endemic HCoVs in a mouse model.

Measuring COVID-19 Effects on World and National Stock Market Returns

  • KHANTHAVIT, Anya
    • The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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    • 제8권2호
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    • pp.1-13
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    • 2021
  • Previous studies have found the significant adverse effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on stock returns and volatility. The effects varied with the confirmed cases and deaths. However, the extent of the effects have never been measured exactly. This study proposes a measurement model for the COVID-19 effects. In the proposed model, stock returns in the COVID-19 period are weighted averages of pre-COVID-19 normal returns and COVID-19-induced returns. The effects are measured by the contributing weights of the COVID-19-induced returns. Kalman filtering is used to estimate the model for the world and Chinese markets, in combination with 10 markets - five most affected countries (United States, India, Brazil, Russia, and France) and five best recovering countries (Hong Kong, Australia, Singapore, Thailand, and South Korea). The sample returns are daily, obtained from the closing Morgan Stanley global investable market indexes. The full period is from September 24, 2018, to October 30, 2020, whereas the COVID-19 period is from November 18, 2019, to October 30, 2020. The contributing weights are significant and close to 100% for all markets. The COVID-19-induced returns replace the pre-COVID-19 normal returns; they are negatively auto-correlated and highly volatile. The COVID-19-induced returns are new normal returns in the COVID-19 period.

COVID-19 발현 초기 119 구급대를 경유해 응급실로 내원하는 환자들의 이송 시간과 호소하는 증상의 변화 : 부산지역 일개 응급의료센터로 이송된 환자의 구급활동일지를 중심으로 (Comparing the "pre-COVID-19 period" and the "COVID-19 early-stage period" for emergency medical services)

  • 강지훈;지재구;장윤덕;이시원;김성주
    • 한국응급구조학회지
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    • 제24권3호
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    • pp.161-169
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    • 2020
  • Purpose: This study aims to identify changes in patients' transport time and chief complaints visiting the emergency room via emergency medical services from the "pre-COVID-19 period" compared to the "COVID-19 early-stage period". Methods: This retrospective observational study analyzed the emergency medical services reports at two time periods defined by the COVID-19 virus outbreak in Korea. The study was conducted in Busan, the Republic of Korea, from January 19 through May 6, 2019. Results: The transfer time of patients transported during the "COVID-19 early-stage period" was significantly delayed compared to the "pre-COVID-19 period" (p<.05). We found a significant increase in transport time for patients complaining of respiratory infections compared to patients without symptoms (p<.05). During the "COVID-19 early-stage period", there was a significant increase in the number of patients with respiratory infections and patients complaining of general symptoms compared to the "COVID-19early-stage period" (p<.05). Conclusion: The spread of the COVID-19 virus infection delayed patient transport and increased the number of patients reporting respiratory infection symptoms. Emergency medical services will need administrative and economic support to transport the increased number of patients requiring services.

코로나바이러스 감염증19 데이터베이스에 기반을 둔 인공신경망 모델의 특성 평가 (Evaluation of Deep-Learning Feature Based COVID-19 Classifier in Various Neural Network)

  • 홍준용;정영진
    • 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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    • 제43권5호
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    • pp.397-404
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    • 2020
  • Coronavirus disease(COVID-19) is highly infectious disease that directly affects the lungs. To observe the clinical findings from these lungs, the Chest Radiography(CXR) can be used in a fast manner. However, the diagnostic performance via CXR needs to be improved, since the identifying these findings are highly time-consuming and prone to human error. Therefore, Artificial Intelligence(AI) based tool may be useful to aid the diagnosis of COVID-19 via CXR. In this study, we explored various Deep learning(DL) approach to classify COVID-19, other viral pneumonia and normal. For the original dataset and lung-segmented dataset, the pre-trained AlexNet, SqueezeNet, ResNet18, DenseNet201 were transfer-trained and validated for 3 class - COVID-19, viral pneumonia, normal. In the results, AlexNet showed the highest mean accuracy of 99.15±2.69% and fastest training time of 1.61±0.56 min among 4 pre-trained neural networks. In this study, we demonstrated the performance of 4 pre-trained neural networks in COVID-19 diagnosis with CXR images. Further, we plotted the class activation map(CAM) of each network and demonstrated that the lung-segmentation pre-processing improve the performance of COVID-19 classifier with CXR images by excluding background features.

Physical activities due to the social distancing could change the serum lipid levels between the pre-and post-COVID-19 pandemic on Jeju Island

  • Oh-Sung Kwon;Young-Kyu Kim
    • 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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    • 제29권3호
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    • pp.147-154
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    • 2024
  • 코로나바이러스질병-2019 (COVID-19) 대유행은 감염병의 확산을 예방하기 위하여 사회적 거리 두기로 인해서 신체적 활동들을 변화시켜 왔다. 그러한 제한으로 인해서 신체활동과 혈청의 지질 수치들을 변화시킬 수 있다. 이 연구의 목적은 제주도 내에서 COVID-19 대유행 전과 후에 사회적 거리 두기로 인해서 혈청 내의 지질 수치들과 신체적 활동의 변화들에 대해서 연구해 보고자 하였다. 이 연구는 2018년 5월부터 2021년 12월까지 제주도에 소재한 단일 건강검진센터에서 검진을 시행한 총 5,373명의 대상자들이 포함되었다. 그들이 검진한 날들을 기준으로 두 군(COVID-19 전과 COVID-19 후)으로 나누어서 임상 변수들에 대해서 분석하였다. 임상적 변수들 중에서 평균연령 (P<0.014), HDL-콜레스테롤 (P=0.001), LDL-콜레스테롤 (P=0.039), 총콜레스테롤 (P<0.001)의 평균 수치들, 복부 비만 (P<0.001), 유산소 운동 (P=0.003), 신체활동 (P=0.008)을 가진 대상자들의 비율들이 코로나 대유행 전과 비교해서 더 높았다. 비록 제주도 내의 코로나 대유행 시기에 신체활동이나 유산소 운동을 하는 대상자들의 비율이 통계적으로 증가했음에도 불구하고, 복부비만이나 이상지질혈증을 가진 대상자들의 비율이 COVID-19 대유행 이전에 비해서 통계적으로 그 시기에 높았다.

코로나19와 한국 식품 소비 변화의 관계: 2019-2022년 통계청 소비자 가계동향조사를 활용하여 (The association between COVID-19 and changes in food consumption in Korea: analyzing the microdata of household income and expenditure from Statistics Korea 2019-2022)

  • 엄하람;김경희;조성환;문정훈
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제57권1호
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    • pp.153-169
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    • 2024
  • 코로나19 팬데믹 발생과 엔데믹은 사람들의 식품 소비 패턴에 큰 변화를 유발한 사건으로 여겨진다. 코로나19 발생 이전부터 코로나19가 종식된 시점까지 국내 소비자들의 식생활이 어떻게 변모되어 왔는지 파악할 필요성이 있다. 이에 코로나19 기간을 구분하고 기간에 따른 국내 소비자들의 식품 지출액을 실증적으로 분석하여, 식품 소비 행태를 파악하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 코로나19 기간을 세 가지로 구분하였으며, 분석을 위해 통계청 가계동향조사 마이크로데이터의 월별 식료품 지출액 자료를 2019년 1월부터 2022년 9월까지 활용하였다. 코로나19 기간이 구분되는 두 지점은 국내 첫 코로나19 확진자가 발생한 2020년 1월과 유행 규모가 둔화하고 사회적 거리두기 정책이 완화된 2022년 3월로 설정하였다. 즉, 2019년 1월부터 2020년 1월까지는 PRE-코로나19 (T1), 2020년 2월부터 2022년 2월까지는 INTER-코로나1 9(T2), 2022년 3월부터 2022년 9월까지는 POST-코로나19 (T3)이다. 식품 카테고리는 신선곡물과 가공곡물, 신선채소와 가공채소, 신선과일과 가공과일, 신선수산과 가공수산, 신선축산과 가공축산 지출액을 분석하였으며, 추가적으로 육류 단백질 급원식품 (붉은 육류, 흰살 육류, 햄/소시지/베이컨), 수산 단백질 급원식품 (생선류, 연체류, 갑각류/조개류, 해조류, 어묵/맛살, 수산물통조림), 식물성 단백질 급원식품 (두류, 두부, 두유) 지출액을 분석하였다. 각 식품 카테고리 및 급원식품의 T1 대비 T2의 지출액 변화와 T2 대비 T3의 지출액 변화를 다중회귀분석으로 결과를 도출하였다. 분석 결과, 전반적인 가정 내 식료품 지출액 변화는 T1 대비 T2에 증가하였으며, T2 대비 T3에 감소하는 모습을 보였다. T1에서 T2로 시간이 흐르며 내식이 확대되며 식료품 지출액이 증가할 때, 신선과일과 수산 단백질 (갑각류/조개류) 지출액만 증가하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 반면에, T2에서 T3로 시간이 흐르며 내식이 축소되며 식료품 지출액이 감소할 때, 가공육류와 수산 및 육류 단백질 급원식품 (즉, 햄/소시지/베이컨, 어묵/맛살, 수산물통조림) 지출액만 감소하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 더불어, T1, T2, T3 시간에 따라 식료품 지출액이 변화할 때 식물성 단백질 급원식품인 두유의 지출액은 변동이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 분석 결과는 코로나19라는 전례 없었던 사건이 확산되고 종식되는 시간에 따라 국내 소비자들의 식료품 지출액에 미친 영향을 보여준다.

The Impact of COVID-19 on Earnings Management in the Distribution and Service Industries

  • RYU, Haeyoung;CHAE, Soo-Joon
    • 유통과학연구
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    • 제20권4호
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    • pp.95-100
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    • 2022
  • Purpose: This study aimed to investigate whether distribution and service companies maintained their accounting information quality and provided reliable information despite the economic changes occurring after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in Korea. The distribution industry has enjoyed increased demand as many companies expanded their untact distribution channels, including to online sales. However, as the pandemic drags on, their future prospects remain uncertain. Research design, data, and methodology: In this study, we define 2018-2019 as the "pre COVID-19 period" and 2020 as the "post COVID-19 period." An empirical analysis was performed using a regression model that includes POST, the independent variable, indicating the post COVID-19 period, and discretionary accruals(DA), a proxy for earnings management, as a dependent variable. Results: The analysis shows that the coefficient of POST is significantly positive (+) for the dependent variable DA. This finding suggests that distribution and service companies engaged in more earnings management during the post COVID-19 period than during the pre COVID-19 period, indicating their awareness of the uncertainty of future business performance as the pandemic persists. An additional analysis confirmed that smaller companies with fewer stakeholders and higher information asymmetry tend to engage more in earnings management than larger companies.

COVID-19 발현 이후 병원간 이송 시 민간 이송업체를 통해 응급실로 전원된 환자들의 특성 변화 : 후향적 연구 (Changes in the characteristics of patients transferred to the emergency room through private institutions during inter-hospital transport after the COVID-19 outbreak : A retrospective study)

  • 김성주;지재구;장윤덕;이시원;유재광;강지훈
    • 한국응급구조학회지
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    • 제25권1호
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    • pp.125-134
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    • 2021
  • Purpose: The purposes of this study were to determine the changes in the pattern of patients who were transferred to the emergency room through inter-hospital private institutions and to determine how long transport takes following the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods: This retrospective observational study analyzed the emergency medical services reports of private institutions following the COVID-19 outbreak in South Korea. The study was conducted in Busan between January 19, 2019 and January 18, 2020, and between January 19, 2020 and January 18, 2021. Results: Upon comparing the patient transport times during the "Pre-COVID-19 period" and "COVID-19 period," a significant delay was noticed in the preparation for transfer of patients during the "COVID-19 period" (p<.05). There were significantly more patients with respiratory infections and patients who complained of general symptoms during the "COVID-19 period." Moreover, there was a higher frequency of patients who were transferred to a 'Level I' emergency room during the "COVID-19 period" compared to during the "Pre-COVID-19 period" (p<.05). Conclusion: Following the COVID-19 outbreak, there is a delay in patient transport to the emergency room through private institution inter-hospital transport and an increase in the number of patients complaining of respiratory infection symptoms. Thus, emergency medical services need additional administrative and economic support to transport infected patients.

Clinical implications of coronavirus disease 2019 in neonates

  • Kim, Do-Hyun
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • 제64권4호
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    • pp.157-164
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    • 2021
  • Since the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in December 2019, a small number of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in neonates have been reported worldwide. Neonates currently account for only a minor proportion of the pediatric population affected by COVID-19. Thus, data on the epidemiological and clinical features of COVID-19 in neonates are limited. Approximately 3% of neonates born to mothers with COVID-19 reportedly tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Current limited data on neonates with COVID-19 suggest that neonatal COVID-19 shows a relatively benign course despite a high requirement for mechanical ventilation. However, neonates with pre-existing medical conditions and preterm infants appear to be at a higher risk of developing severe COVID-19. The greatest perinatal concern of the COVID-19 pandemic is the possibility of vertical transmission, especially transplacental transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Although direct evidence of the vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is lacking, its possibility during late pregnancy cannot be ruled out. This review summarizes available case studies on COVID-19 in neonates and introduces what is currently known about neonatal COVID-19 with focus on its vertical transmission.