• 전기학회논문지
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• 제60권6호
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• pp.1215-1224
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• 2011

Recently, a lot of research for the smart grid technology have been carried out to achieve energy efficiency for the electronic products. In order to practically apply this study, smart instruments which are capable of the AMI (Advanced Metering Infrastructure) and DR (Demand Response) function are necessary. However, it is difficult to apply the function of the smart grid to the electronic product that cannot support the smart grid. Accordingly, the efficient use of electric energy is impossible. In order to solve this problem, the electronic product has to be changed into the exclusive electronic product supporting smart grid technology or the smart controller has to be attached the outside of the device. In this study, we developed the smart controller for connecting the electric appliances to the smart grid system. It can be attached to the illumination and the smart grid-based lamp control system at home. We additionally designed the message frame and the protocol to operate the smart controller with the AMI based EMS (Energy Management Server). We developed an experimental system to practically verify functions of the smart controller which is attached to the lighting device. From the system, we showed that the electric source of the illumination can be controlled according to the load change and saved energy effectively. We also confirmed the structural benefit and the energy-efficient effect through the verification of the smart controller.

• Korean Journal of Geomatics
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2003

This study aims to construct a management system of road position information as part of the build-up to a maintenance and management system of highways. First, information on the positions of the roads were obtained by a real-time kinematic satellite surveying, and then the degree of accuracy was analyzed in comparison with the data of the existing design drawings. The linear coordinates of road center line obtained by using RTK GPS showed about 7.6-13.2cm errors in X and Y directions in the case of the national road No.2 section, and about 8.4-9.2cm errors in the case of local road No.1045 section. These errors were within the tolerance scope regulated by the TS survey, and could be practically used. In the case of vertical alignment, there were about 6.2cm errors in the Z direction in local road No.1045 section. Aerial photographs are normally used in producing numerical maps, and it can be practically used because the tolerance scope of the elevation control point is l0cm when the scale of aerial photographs is 1/1000. The management system of road position information, utilizing Object-Oriented Programming(OOP), was built having the data acquired in this way as the attribute data. The system developed in this way can enable us to spot the positions of road facilities, the target of management with ease, to easily update the data in case of changes in the positions of roads and road facilities, and to manage the positions of roads and road facilities more effectively.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.56-63
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 공력 압축성 효과를 고려하여 플랩이 있는 무인기 카나드에 대한 동적 공탄성 해석을 수행하였다. 고려한 해석 모델은 국내에서 개발 후보로 검토된 모델 중 하나인 CRW(Canard-Rotor-Wing) 무인기의 전운동(all-movable) 카나드이다. 초기 설계 데이터를 기반으로 하여 등가구조 날개 모델을 구성하였다. 엄밀한 공탄성 특성해석을 위해 주파수 및 시간영역 해석기법이 모두 적용되었으며, 카나드 및 플랩 연결부의 회전강성 변화에 대한 매개변수 연구를 수행하였다. 플랩이 있는 전운동 조종면의 경우 각 조종축에서의 등가회전강성은 공탄성 안정성에 중요한 설계인자이다. 본 연구를 통하여 설계 초기단계에서 동적공탄성 안정성에 미치는 영향을 파악하였으며 관련 해석결과들을 제시하였다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.137-147
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• 2017

This study aimed to evaluate the necessity of updating current nutritional standards for school lunch programs in Korea. The study was performed both theoretically and practically considering the present physiques and nutrient intakes of school students. Theoretically, adequacy of types of nutrients and nutrient reference values were analyzed. Specifically, the adequacy of the types of nutrients were reviewed by applying the same selection procedures used in the 2007 revision of current standards in order to evaluate the necessity of updates. The nutrient reference values were compared with those in the U.S., Japan, and Taiwan in terms of setting year, basic data, and setting method. Practically, a focus group interview with six school nutrition teachers was conducted to investigate any operational difficulties in applying the current standards to school foodservices in Bucheon on October 1, 2015. As a result, nine types of nutrients were decided, which excluded protein and thiamin from the current ones. The nutrient reference values needed updating toward more adequate levels by reflecting more various and recent basic data considering daily nutrient intakes and the actual percentages of intakes from lunches of school students. The results showed that school nutrition teachers found it difficult to apply the current standards to school foodservices, especially as school level increased from elementary through middle to high schools mainly due to protein and calcium. Overall, the study results imply that the current nutritional standards for school lunch programs in Korea need updating to reflect the current physiques and actual nutrient intakes of school students.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.249-256
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• 2017

In this study, we evaluated the potential of 70% ethanol extract from Persicaria nepalensis (PNE) as a cosmetic ingredient by primary skin irritation, ocular irritation, and maximization tests for delayed hypersensitivity in New Zealand white rabbits and Hartley guinea pig. Skin safety study was performed to evaluate the potential toxicity of PNE using the primary irritation test. In the primary irritation test, 50% PNE was applied to the skin, and no adverse reactions such as erythema and edema were observed at the intact skin sites. Therefore, PNE was classified as a practically non-irritating material based on a primary irritation index of "0.0.". In the ocular irritation test, the 50% PNE applied did not show any adverse reactions in the different parts of rabbit eyes, including the cornea, iris, and conjunctiva. Thus, PNE was classified as a practically non-irritating material based on an acute ocular irritation index of "0.0.". Skin sensitization was tested by the Guinea Pig Maximization Test (GPMT) and Freund's Complete Adjuvant (FCA) using an intradermal injection of 10% PNE. Edema and erythema were not observed 24 and 48 h after the topical application of PNE in skin sensitization test, which exhibited a sensitization score of "0.0.". Therefore, it can be suggested that P. nepalensis could be used as potential candidates for cosmoceutical ingredients, without any major side effects.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제9권9호
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• pp.965-970
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• 2014

K-평균 군집에서 수렴 속도를 향상시키기 위한 노력으로서, 우리는 새떼 이동의 개념을 도입한다. 그들 운동의 특징은 각 새가 그의 가장 가까운 이웃을 쫓아간다는 것이다. 우리는 군집 과정에 이 특징을 활용한다. 일단 한 벡터의 클래스가 결정되면, 그 근처의 몇 벡터들에게 동일한 클래스가 부여된다. 실험 결과 군집 종결에 필요한 계산 반복 횟수가 종전 방법에 비해 유의미하게 작은 것으로 나타났다. 게다가 단일 반복 계산에 소요되는 시간이 5% 이상 짧았다. 벡터와 센트로이드 사이의 거리를 누적한 값으로 군집의 품질을 평가한 바, 본 논문에서 제안한 방법과 종전 방법과의 차이는 거의 없었다. 결론적으로, 본 논문에서 제안한 방법에 의해, 보다 짧은 계산 시간으로 질적 하락 없는 군집을 수행할 수 있었다.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.185-197
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• 2002

Today, the basic problem of functional safe management of Korean Disaster Control system was separately administrated 33 acts that are relating to safe management in 13 ministries. Because of the facts that the fire service is not provided practically, the control system and risk management for safe administration are not operated, the information can not be shared with each other, and the various laws have the lacks of linkage, the National Safe System was appeared unsteady. The roles and functions of fire service have started with restriction to operate structurally and institutionally, which operational structure of fire service is becoming weak. As a result, the federal and local fire organizations have not reached yet to the institutionalization and the local fire service agencies have bias with the task regarding the fire service because of the relation between organizational structure and the local fire agency. With the enforcement of the federal and local fire system, professionality and autonomy for making policy, and dealing with changes of fire service positively, the national fire service on the policy performance can be established. Promotion of research and development and education training to strengthen innovation in technology and competition in fire industry will contribute to the firmly establishment of control system to prevent from fire, flood, terror and national disaster. This article proposed that (a) the established law and administration, agency are required efforts to effectively operate fire service system; (b) the national fire service agency, national college of fire, national institute of science fire, and national fire service hospital should be early established to make firmly policy to operate effectively and practically. These kinds of innovational acts are known the best ways of operating solid policy of national fire service system.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.580-592
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• 2009

Objectives : This study had been performed for Respondents who live in Daegu and Kyungbuk province Age group of 30 to 50 years old. Methods : The oral health state and oral heath care, dental treatments about the use of oral hygiene devices were obtained through self-administering questionnaires from 2 to 31, January, 2009. Results : 1. The toothpick was well known for respondents and automatic brush, gargle, dental floss were practically used. 2. 57.1% of man know oral hygiene device, they know more about oral hygiene device if they have higher degree, and they use more if they are older than others. 3. 55.5% of respondents who think their oral health condition is not healthy enough recognize oral hygiene device, 77.5% of respondents who visited dental clinic around six month recognize oral hygiene device. 82.4% of respondents who had been follow-up. 86.1% of respondents who think their oral health state is good enough doesn't use oral hygiene device, oral hygiene device was used more for respondents who visited dental clinic frequently. 47.1% of respondents who visited dental clinic periodically use oral hygiene device. 4. Respondents who experience implant recognize more about oral hygiene device and periodontal Tx, orthodontics problem, preservative treatment were next. 5. 60.0% of respondents who were educated tooth brushing method recognize it. Oral hygiene device was frequently used if tooth brushing time were increased. 26.4% of respondents who were changed their tooth brushing method used oral hygiene device. Conclusions : Their recognition level was practically low whose age is around 30 to 50. Their oral hygiene device use ratio is higher then others who were educated tooth brush method so that I think we need to recommend for use oral hygiene device and use method.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.67-79
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• 2006

Education for Sustainable Development(ESD) is inclined to become popular topics in EE related debates, almost similar to populism, with declaration of UNESCO's Decade OF ESD (DESD). However we can't avoid that development in ESD practically means economic linear progress. Basically UN's declaration is to accomplish worldly task on human civilization, social & environmental problems, including ESSD. ESD is also important means for practicing ESSD, which has proved to be failure since Brutrant Report, owing to uncertain recognition of sustainability which should be something figured out by their surrounding circumstance or the conditions following its community culture, all same around the world. In this circumstance, we need certain identification on ESD globally recognized, no matter with the developing level of economy. But sustainability is usually managed or controlled by economically powered countries, by improving relatively under-development countries's economic conditions for equity. They believe under-development countries's env. problems can't be resolved without securing of economic equity. Under-development countries's economic equity can be come true ? even by another economic super powers. It really means just controlling or management by them. These all controlling process can't secure under-development countries's sustainability. Because it is not something just controlled, characterized as growing up by self-supporting system of ethnic or regional communities. So identification of sustainability in here is , not . Following its identification, we should discuss ESD, and furthermore for real ESD, there is powerful need to change it into ESE (Education for Sustainability & its Economy) to reflect this co-conceptional approach to ESD. And also we need to distinguish the educational contents boundaries among ESD and EE for this. Basically existing EE has been dealing with pollution-oriented or its related social comprehensive subjects, so it seems that EE is not familiar and harmony with ESD contents, however in alternative case I propose in this paper, changing into ESE, it could include almost all of ESD subjects, furthermore practically EE might be same with ESE.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.64-75
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• 1999

The goals of moral education according to the 7th educational curriculum are (1) to learn the basic life custom and ethical norms necessary to desirable life, (2) to develop the judgment to solve desirably and practically the ethical matters in daily life, (3) to develop the sound citizenship, national identity and consciousness, and the consciousness of world peace and mankind's mutual prosperity, and (4) to develop the ethical propensity to practice the ideal and principle of life systematically Based on the goals in the above, the following can be established as goals of environmental education possible: (1) to learn judgment to solve practically the environmental problems in the society with their ethical understanding, and (2) to recognize that environmental consciousness is the basic necessity of sound citizenship and national identity and consciousness, and mankind's mutual prosperity, and to have attitudes to practice environmental preservation in daily life. Like these, the intellectual aspect, the affective aspect, and the active aspect can be established in the environmental education in the ethics education keeping their balance. In order to achieve its goals, the contents of ethics subject are organized largely with 4 domains: (1) individual life, (2) home life, life with neighbors, and school life, (3) social life, and (4) national life. Among these, environmental education is mainly included in the domain of social life. These contents concerning environmental education take 22 (32.4%) out of the whole 68 teaching factors which are taught in the ethics subject from the 3rd grade to 10th grade. These 22 environmental teaching factors are mainly related to environmental ethics, environmental preservation and measures, and sound consumption life. Classified according to each goal, the environmental contents in the 7th curriculum for ethics subject put emphasis on environmental value and attitudes, action and participation, and information and knowledge. Therefore, the recommendable teaching and learning method for the environmental education in ethics subject is to motivate students' practice or to make them practice in person. For example, role-play model, value-conflict model, group study model can be applied according to the topics of environmental education.